The Salicaceae is the willow family of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...

s. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disc ...

(APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the Scyphostegiaceae and many of the former

Flacourtiaceae The Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various families, mostly to the Achariaceae and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it beca ...

. In the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...

, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera (''

Salix Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist s ...

'', ''

Populus ''Populus'' is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (), aspen, and cottonwood. The we ...

'', and '' Chosenia''). Recognized to be closely related to the

Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed ...

and

Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name fr ...

, the family is placed by the APG in the order

Malpighiales The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsett ...

. Under the new circumscription, all members of the family are trees or shrubs that have simple leaves with alternate arrangement and temperate members are usually

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, ...

. Most members have serrate or dentate

leaf margins A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ste ...

, and those that have such toothed margins all exhibit salicoid teeth; a salicoid tooth being one in which a

vein Veins are blood vessels in humans and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated ...

enters the tooth, expands, and terminates at or near the apex, near which are spherical and glandular protuberances called setae. Members of the family often have flowers which are reduced and inconspicuous, and all have

ovaries The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. T ...

that are superior or half-inferior with parietal placentation.

Genera by subfamily and tribe

Salicaceae is divided into three subfamilies, with Salicoideae further divided into six tribes. Salicoideae Abatieae *'' Abatia'' Ruiz & Pavón (formerly including ''Aphaerema'') *'' Aphaerema'' Miers Bembicieae *'' Bembicia'' Oliver Homalieae *'' Bartholomaea'' Standley & Steyermark *'' Bivinia'' Tulasne *'' Byrsanthus'' Guillemin *'' Calantica'' Tulasne *'' Dissomeria'' Bentham *''

Homalium ''Homalium'' is a genus of plants in the family Salicaceae. Species Species include: * '' Homalium acuminatum'' * '' Homalium betulifolium'' * '' Homalium brevidens'' * '' Homalium buxifolium'' * '' Homalium ceylanicum'' * '' Homalium co ...

'' Jacquin *''

Neopringlea ''Neopringlea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Salicaceae. It is native to Mexico and Guatemala. The genus name of ''Neopringlea'' is in honour of Cyrus Pringle (1838–1911), an American botanist who spent a career of ...

'' S. Watson *'' Trimeria'' Harvey Prockieae *''

Banara ''Banara'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae (formerly in Flacourtiaceae). Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Garde ...

'' Aublet *''

Hasseltia ''Hasseltia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It contains four species of small to medium-sized trees native to the neotropics, ranging from Mexico south to Brazil and Bolivia.Alford, M.H. 2006. A new species of ''Has ...

'' Kunth *''

Hasseltiopsis ''Hasseltiopsis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It consists of one species of trees: ''Hasseltiopsis dioica'', which is native to Central America. Formerly placed in the heterogeneous family Flacourtiaceae, ...

'' Sleumer *'' Macrohasseltia'' L. O. Williams *''

Neosprucea ''Neosprucea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genet ...

'' Sleumer *'' Pineda'' Ruiz & Pavón *''

Pleuranthodendron ''Pleuranthodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It consists of one species (''Pleuranthodendron lindenii'') of small to medium-sized trees native to the neotropics, specifically Central America and northern South ...

'' L. O. Williams *''

Prockia ''Prockia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It consists of approximately six species of shrubs and small trees native to the West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Its type species, ''Prockia crucis'', is ...

'' L. Saliceae *'' Azara'' Ruiz & Pavón *'' Bennettiodendron'' Merrill *'' Carrierea'' Franchet *''

Dovyalis ''Dovyalis'' is a genus of shrubs and small trees. Recent genetic evidence has shown the genus to belong to the family Salicaceae; formerly it was classified in the family Flacourtiaceae. The 15 species are native to Africa ( Ethiopia south t ...

'' Arnott *'' Flacourtia'' L'Heritier *'' Idesia'' Maximowicz *''

Itoa ''Itoa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It is also in the tribe Saliceae. Its native range is southern China to Vietnam, central and eastern Malesia to New Guinea. It is found in China ( Hainan), Maluku Islands, New G ...

'' Hemsley *'' Lasiochlamys'' Pax & K. Hoffmann *''

Ludia Ludia is a video game developer based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada that creates and distributes cross-platform digital games with mass consumer appeal. Ludia produces original and branded properties based on game shows, television series, movies, ...

'' de Jussieu *'' Olmediella'' Baillon *'' Poliothyrsis'' Oliver *''

'' L. *'' Priamosia'' Urban *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

'' Pseudosalix'' Boucher, Manchester, & Judd *''

'' L. *'' Tisonia'' Baillon *''

Xylosma ''Xylosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It contains around 100 species of evergreen shrubs and trees commonly known as brushhollies, xylosmas, or, more ambiguously, "logwoods". The generic name is derived from t ...

'' G. Forster (formerly including ''Priamosia'') Scolopieae *'' Hemiscolopia'' van Slooten *'' Phyllobotryon'' Müller *'' Pseudoscolopia'' Gilg *''

Scolopia ''Scolopia'' is an Old World genus of plants in the family Salicaceae. Species include: * '' Scolopia braunii'' (Klotzsch) & Sleumer - an Australian rainforest tree *'' Scolopia buxifolia'' Gagnep. *'' Scolopia chinensis'' (Lour.) Clos *'' ...

'' Schreber Samydoideae *'' Casearia'' Jacquin (including ''

Hecatostemon ''Hecatostemon completus'' is a species of shrub or tree native to northeastern South America and is the only member of the genus ''Hecatostemon''. Taxonomy Formerly classified in the Flacourtiaceae, phylogenetic analyses based on DNA data indi ...

'', '' Laetia'', ''

Samyda ''Samyda'' is a genus of plants in family Salicaceae.Tropicos
1. September 2018 There are 11 species, chiefly shrubs of the ...

'', & '' Zuelania'') *'' Euceraea'' Martius *'' Irenodendron'' Alford & Dement *'' Lunania'' Hooker *'' Neoptychocarpus'' Buchheim *'' Ophiobotrys'' Gilg *'' Osmelia'' Thwaites *'' Piparea'' Aublet *'' Pseudosmelia'' Sleumer *'' Ryania'' Vahl *'' Tetrathylacium'' Poeppig & Endlicher *'' Trichostephanus'' Gilg Scyphostegioideae *'' Dianyuea'' C. Shang ''et al''. *'' Scyphostegia'' Stapf incertae sedis *'' Ahernia'' Merrill *'' Mocquerysia'' Hua *'' Oncoba'' Forsskahl *†'' Saxifragispermum'' Reid & Chandler *†'' Utkholokia'' (Cheleb.) Iljinskaja & Chelb.

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Malpighiales families