Sudova Vyshnia (, ; ) is a small

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

in the

Yavoriv Raion Yavoriv Raion () is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Yavoriv. It was established in 1939. Its estimated population is On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number ...

of the Lviv Oblast (region) of

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. It hosts the administration of Sudova Vyshnia urban hromada, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine. Its population is The town has a number of Catholic cathedrals and a secondary school, and is a market centre for the surrounding agricultural area. In the past the town contained a horse farm, providing a horse stud service for the area, some of the horse studs being very expensive. On the outskirts there is a

hippodrome Hippodrome is a term sometimes used for public entertainment venues of various types. A modern example is the Hippodrome which opened in London in 1900 "combining circus, hippodrome, and stage performances". The term hippodroming refers to fr ...

Geography

Sudova Vyshnia is located about west of

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

, on the highway (

Shehyni Shehyni (, ) is a village of Yavoriv Raion in Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Shehyni rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Located at the border with Poland, it is best known as the site of the Medyka- She ...

–

) and railroad to

Przemyśl Przemyśl () is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. Data for territorial unit 1862000. In 1999, it became part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Prz ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. The city is also the terminus of route P40, that stretches all the way to

Rava-Ruska Rava-Ruska (, ; ; ) is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is a border town between Ukraine and Poland. The Rava-Ruska (border checkpoint), border checkpoint is situated west of the city, along the international autoroute Warsa ...

. The Vishnya river flows through the town in a westerly direction, eventually joining the San in Poland. The railway line (twin track) leads to

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

and Silesia in Poland, a main route for carrying coal to the

former USSR The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Prior to their independence, they ...

History

Sudova Vyshnia was first mentioned in the ''

Galician–Volhynian Chronicle The ''Galician–Volhynian Chronicle'' (GVC) (, called "Halicz-Wolyn Chronicle" in Polish historiography), also known as ''Chronicle of Halych–Volhynia'' and by other names is a prominent work of Old Ruthenian literature and historiographyKotl ...

'' for 1230 as Vyshnia. In 1340, together with the entirety of

Red Ruthenia Red Ruthenia, also called Red Rus or Red Russia, is a term used since the Middle Ages for the south-western principalities of Kievan Rus', namely the Principality of Peremyshl and the Duchy of Belz, Principality of Belz. It is closely related to ...

, it was annexed by the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

. Until the 1772

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

, Sądowa Wisznia, as it was officially called, was part of

Przemyśl Land Przemyśl Land (, ) was an administrative unit of Kyivan Rus, Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It existed since the integration of Principality of Peremyshl into Kingdom of Ruthenia and until 1772, and was one of five l ...

Ruthenian Voivodeship The Ruthenian Voivodeship (; ; ) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, with its center in the city of Lwów (lat. Leopolis) (modern day Lviv). Together with a number of ot ...

. Sudova Vyshnia received its

Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights (, , ; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages gr ...

town charter in 1368. Originally, it was called Vyshnia (Wisznia), after the river Wisznia, a tributary of the San. The adjective Sudova (Polish: ) was added in 1545, when it became the seat of the general

sejmik A sejmik (, diminutive of ''sejm'', occasionally translated as a ''dietine''; ) was one of various local parliaments in the history of Poland and history of Lithuania. The first sejmiks were regional assemblies in the Kingdom of Poland (before ...

s of the

Ruthenia ''Ruthenia'' is an exonym, originally used in Medieval Latin, as one of several terms for Rus'. Originally, the term ''Rus' land'' referred to a triangular area, which mainly corresponds to the tribe of Polans in Dnieper Ukraine. ''Ruthenia' ...

szlachta The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social ...

Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown Lesser Poland Province (, ) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. It was the largest province of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with Kraków as its capital. The province's name derives fro ...

. In 1772, the town was annexed by the

Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

, as part of Habsburg Austrian Galicia, where it remained until late 1918. In the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...

, Sądowa Wisznia belonged to Mościska County,

Lwów Voivodeship Lwów Voivodeship () was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). Because of the Nazi invasion of Poland in accordance with the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it became occupied by both the Wehrmacht and the Red Army in Septem ...

. During the September 1939

Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...

, the Battle of Jaworów took place in the area of the town. When captured by the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

in the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the town had a large main square, cobbled and with a podium – suitable for public meetings. Under Communism, the square was planted over by trees and bushes – no more public meetings. In 1940–1941 and 1944–1959 Sudova Vyshnia was a district seat of the Sudova Vyshnia

Raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...

that eventually was merged with Mostyska Raion. When under the administration of

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

during the

, being in the area called Galicia since ancient times, it was not considered occupied but a part of the

German Reich German ''Reich'' (, from ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German ''Volk'' ("na ...

. The currency at that time was the

Reichsmark The (; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replace ...

, whereas in occupied territories the German administration used the Ostmark. German armed forces included a number of SS divisions, considered elite units; there was also an SS Galicia division. Before the war the town had had a Jewish population; only three of its Jews survived the war (two of whom are Frieda Stramer and her brother Dov Stramer), and none remained there afterwards. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the Soviet regime used a Catholic church (Church of St Mary) that existed since the 14th century as a warehouse until 1989. Today, Sudova Vyshnia is one of the centers of the

Poles in Ukraine The Polish minority in Ukraine officially numbers about 144,130 (according to the 2001 census),

, with a local office of the Association of Polish Culture of the Lviv Land. Until 18 July 2020, Sudova Vyshnia belonged to Mostyska Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Mostyska Raion was merged into Yavoriv Raion.

Notable people

Born

* Ivan Vyshenskyi (1550–1620), an Eastern Orthodox monk * (born 1956), Ukrainian literary critic *

Stefan Czmil Stefan Czmil (, ''Stepan Chmil''; 20 October 1914 – 22 January 1978) was a Ukrainian Eastern Catholic known for his missionary work in Argentina as well as for work in his native Ukraine and Italy. According to Ukrainian Catholic Major Arch ...

(1914–1978), an Eastern Catholic bishop * Bohdan Shust (born 1986), a professional football player

Resided

* Jan Mars (1853–1924), an owner of Sudova Vyshnia * Marcin Krowicki (1501–1573), a priest who converted from Catholicism to

Unitarianism Unitarianism () is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian sect of Christianity. Unitarian Christians affirm the wikt:unitary, unitary God in Christianity, nature of God as the singular and unique Creator deity, creator of the universe, believe that ...

Gallery

7. Судова Вишня Будинок, в якому виступав Франко І.Я.jpg,

People's House People's Houses () were originally leisure and cultural centres built with the intention of making art and cultural appreciation available to the working classes. The first establishment of this type appeared in Tomsk, Russian Empire in 1882. Soo ...

in Sudova Vyshnia File:Sudova Vyshnia school.jpg, Sudova Vyshnia school File:Sudova Vyshnia Transfiguration Church3.JPG, City's oldest church, Transfiguration Church File:NSH Sądowa Wisznia Tserkva Preobrajennya Gospodn'ogo dzvinnytza 005.JPG, Transfiguration Church Bell Tower File:NSH Sądowa Wisznia Hram Svyatoyi Triytsi 001.JPG, Holy Trinity Church File:NSH Sądowa Wisznia Hram Svyatoyi Triytsi 002.JPG, Holy Trinity Church, entrance fresco File:Sudova Vyshnia Street.JPG, a street view File:Sudova Vyshnia Saint Mary Help of Christians Church.JPG, Church of St Mary, a Helper of Christians

References

External links

Brief info
at the

Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada ( ; VR), officially the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, is the unicameralism, unicameral parliament of Ukraine. It consists of 450 Deputy (legislator), deputies presided over by a speaker. The Verkhovna Rada meets in the Verkhovn ...

website
Sudova Vyshnia
at the Castles and temples of Ukraine {{coord, 49, 47, 21, N, 23, 22, 20, E, region:UA_type:city(6655)_source:ruwiki, display=title Cities in Lviv Oblast Cities of district significance in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine