Svislach ( be, Сьвіслач; russian: Свислочь, Svisloch; yi, סוויסלאָוויטש, translit=Svislovitsh) is an

agrotown An agro-town is an agglomeration in a rural environment with a population of several thousands but whose workforce's main occupation is agriculture. An agro-town also lacks the administrative, commercial and industrial functions that are usually ...

Asipovichy District Asipovichy District ( be, Асіповіцкі раён, russian: Осиповичский район, Osipovichsky raion) is a ''raion'' (district) in Mogilev Region, Belarus, the administrative center is the town of Asipovichy. In 2009, its popu ...

, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Svislach selsoviet. It is located on the confluence of the

Svislach River The Svislach or Svislač ( be, Свіслач, ), or Svisloch (russian: Свислочь), is a river in Belarus, a right tributary of the river Berezina. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .Asipovichy and Babruysk. In 2010, its population was 678. Svislach is an ancient town of historical minority groups in Eastern Europe, such as Jews.

History

Svislach has been inhabited since at least the 12th century, and was formerly part of the Polotsk Principality of the Early East Slav cultures.

Under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Svislach was the former capital of the of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was the sight of the

Svislach Castle Svislach Castle ( be, Свіслацкі замак) was a castle that lay in the lands of present-day Belarus on the right bank of the Byarezina River in the place where it meets the Svislach River. Initially the castle was established as the c ...

, a wooden

baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

monument with a moat and rampart, which was originally built in the 12th century, was destroyed and rebuilt, until it was demolished by Soviet authorities. In the 14th century work, ''

List of Russian Cities, Near and Far The ''List of Russian cities, near and far'' (russian: Список русских городов дальних и ближних, lit=, translit=) is a 14-15th century work found in the Novgorod First Chronicle, , and under the appendix "And t ...

'', Svislach is listed among the castles of Lithuania. In 1506, the town was destroyed by Tatars, and again in 1535 by invaders from Moscow. In the mid-16th century, Svislach became the property of Lithuanian nobleman . In the 1565 territorial reform, it became a part of the Minsk Voivodeship. In the Russo-Polish War of 1654, it captured various

Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

territory. In 1705, a Franciscan Monastery was founded in the town. Throughout the 17th century, Svislach was under control of the Radziwill family.

Under Russian sovereignty

Following the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Svislach fell under Russian jurisdiction. It became part of the Bobruisk Uezd in the Minsk Governorate. In 1886, there were 47 households, 2 churches, and 2 schools in the village. During WWI, the village was occupied by German troops in February of 1918. Under the

Third Constituent Charter The Third Constituent Charter ( be, Трэцяя Ўстаўная грамата, Treciaja Ŭstaŭnaja hramata) is a legal act adopted by the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic on March 25, 1918 in Minsk (in Malin's house), according to w ...

, Svislach was declared part of the Belarusian People's Republic following the collapse of the Russian Empire. In 1919, it became part of the

Belarusian SSR The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR, or Byelorussian SSR; be, Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка, Bielaruskaja Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; russian: Белор� ...

Jewish community

The first evidence showing Jews living in Svisloch was back in 1717, when documents showed that the Jews of the town paid taxes to the government. By 1766, about 100 Jews lived in the town. By 1897, the town reached its maximum Jewish population, with 1,120 Jews accounting for 62% of the population. In 1923, there were 831 Jews, and in 1926, there were 742 Jews, 41% of the town's population. Ghetto Yasen and Svisloch 1a

The Holocaust

In 1941, the village fell under Nazi control during Operation Barbarossa, and the Jews were ordered to wear the yellow Jude patch, but the town did not have a ghetto for Jews at the time. In the summer, the Germans took a dozen Jews outside of the town's borders, and murdered them in the Berezina riverbank. On October 8, a group of Jews from Svislach and neighboring Yalizava^{be">:be:Ялізава.html" ;"title="nowiki/>:be:Ялізава">be/sup> were taken to the Virkau forest between the villages of and , and were murdered in a killing pit. On October 14, the remaining Jews in the town were rounded up and were brought to the same forest, and also murdered in the killing pit. The total number of victims among the Jews of Svisloch is unknown, but about 200 are accounted for in various records. In 2018, the diary of a gentile resident of the town was found from WWII, in which it was stated that over 1,000 Jews were murdered, but this figure contradicts evidence about the size of the Jewish community at the time.

A few Jews from the community managed to survive the Holocaust in different ways, and some returned to the village following the end of WWII, but did not maintain a Jewish community. After the war, a monument was erected in the city of Bobruisk in memory of the massacred Jews.

Modern times

Svislach is the site of local pediatric medical tourism, with one of the largest children's Sanatorium">sanitoriums in the region.

In the 2000s, Swislach received the official status of agrotown. In 2001, there were 277 households, and that number expanded to 314 by 2007.

Demography

{{Demography
, 1886 = 420
, 1890 = 1,000
, 1999 = 852
, 2001 = 820
, 2007 = 760
, 2010 = 678
, source = {{Cite book , title=Belaruskai͡a ėntsyklapedyi͡a Vol 14 , year=2002 , isbn=9851102385 , location=Minsk , pages=266 , language=be , last1=Пашкоў , first1=Генадзь , publisher=Беларуская энцыклапедыя

Gallery

File:На гарадзішчы-замчышчы размешчаны руіны пабудовы ХІХ ст..jpg, alt=
File:Śvisłač. Сьвіслач (07.2007).jpg, alt=
File:Śvisłač. Сьвіслач (2007).jpg, alt=
File:Гарадзішча ранняга жалезнага веку, а пазней замчышча ў Свіслачы.jpg, alt=

References

Historic Jewish communities in Belarus
Asipovichy District
Agrotowns in Belarus
Populated places in Mogilev Region
12th-century establishments in Europe}