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Third Constituent Charter
The Third Constituent Charter ( be, Трэцяя Ўстаўная грамата, Treciaja Ŭstaŭnaja hramata) is a legal act adopted by the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic on March 25, 1918 in Minsk (in Malin's house), according to which the Belarusian People's Republic was proclaimed an independent state. The anniversary of this historic event is traditionally celebrated by Belarusians as a celebration of the restoration of state independence. A copy of the Third Constituent Charter is kept in the National Archives of Belarus. History The adoption of the Third Charter took place in conditions when, according to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Soviet Russia agreed to the occupation of most of Belarus by the German Empire. The document summed up the results of the internal struggle in the leadership of the Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) and the Belarusian Socialist Society (BSG) for the adoption of the Second Charter to the Peoples of Belarus, which dissatisfied t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahonia
The coat of arms of Lithuania consists of a mounted armoured knight holding a sword and shield, known as (). Since the early 15th century, it has been Lithuania's official coat of arms and is one of the oldest European coats of arms. It is also known by other names in various languages, such as , in the Lithuanian language or as , , (romanized: ) in the Polish, and Belarusian languages. is translatable as Chase, Pursuer, Knight or Horseman, similar to the Slavic vityaz (Old East Slavic for brave, valiant warrior). Historically – (mounted epic hero of old) or in heraldry – (mounted sovereign). The once powerful and vast Lithuanian state, first as Duchy, then Kingdom, and finally Grand Duchy was created by the initially pagan Lithuanians, in reaction to pressures from the Teutonic Order and Swordbrothers which conquered modern-day Estonia and Latvia, forcibly converting them to Christianity. The Lithuanians are the only Balts that created a state before the modern era ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mogilev Governorate
The Mogilev Governorate () or Government of Mogilev was a governorate () of the Russian Empire in the territory of the present day Belarus. Its capital was in Mogilev, referred to as Mogilev-on-the-Dnieper, or Mogilev Gubernskiy. The area of the governorate was inhabited in the 10th century by the Slav tribes of the Krivichi and Radimichi. In the 14th century, the land became part of Lithuania, and later Poland. The governorate was formed in 1772, in the aftermath of the First partition of Poland, from parts of the voivodeships of Witebsk, Mścisław, Połock and Inflanty. Parts of these territories were also used to form the Pskov Governorate. In 1796, Mogilev and Polotsk Governorates were united and formed Belorussian Governorate. In 1802, the Belorussian Governorate was divided into Vitebsk Governorate and Mogilev Governorate. In 1917, Vitebsk, Mogilev and parts of Minsk Governorate and Vilna Governorate were united into the Western District (from 1918 known as Western Kom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyotra Krecheuski
Piotra Krecheuski ( be, Пётра Крэчэўскі, Łacinka: Piotra Krečeŭski, russian: Пётр Антонович Кречевский; August 7, 1879 – March 8, 1928, Prague) was a Belarusian statesman and president of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in exile. Before the First World War he worked as a teacher in Jałówka near Białystok. He was delegate at the First All-Belarusian Congress in 1917 and member of the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. In December 1919 Krecheuski was elected President of the Council of the Belarusian Republic and served on this post till his death. In exile in Prague since 1919, he organized active information campaigns for Western governments about the current states of Belarusian SSR and West Belarus. He organized a conference of Belarusian emigrant organizations in September 1921 that criticized the Polish-Bolshevist Peace of Riga The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga ( pl, Traktat Rysk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamaš Hryb
Tamaš Hryb ( be, Тамаш Грыб, Tamash Hryb, 7 March 1895 — 21 January 1938) was a Belarusian politician, journalist and writer. Early life Tamaš Hryb was born into a peasant family in the village of Paliany in what is now the border region of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. After completing elementary education in local schools, he studied in St. Petersburg. He served in the Russian Navy, then went to study at the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute. As a student, he became an active member of Belarusian political groups in St. Petersburg.Hryb Tamaš - slounik.org After the , he became a full-time politician organising Belarusian soldiers and workers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Sierada
Ivan Mikitavič Sierada ( — after 19 November 1943), better known by the pseudonyms of Jan or Janka was a Belarusian statesman, pedagogist and writer who served as the first president of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Biography Ivan Mikitavič Sierada was born in the Zadźvieji village in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in the Brest Region of Belarus). From 1905 to 1906, Sierada served in the Imperial Russian Army in Manchuria during the Russo-Japanese War, and was also mobilized during World War I. He graduated from a veterinary school in Warsaw in 1903 and worked as a veterinarian in the Minsk Governorate in 1907—1911. At the same time he was a teacher at an agricultural college in Marjina Horka. Jan Sierada was an active member of the Belarusian Socialist Assembly. In 1917 he was elected the chairman of the First All-Belarusian Congress. In 1918, he was elected president of the short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic. In Feb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kastuś Jezavitaŭ
Kastuś Jezavitaŭ (also known as Kanstantyn Jezavitau (Ezavitaŭ), ; russian: Константи́н Бори́сович Езови́тов; 17 November 1893 - 23 May 1946) was a political and military leader within the Belarusian independence movement of the early 20th century. Early years Jezavitaŭ was born into the family of a military officer in the city of Dźvinsk, Vitebsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (nowadays Daugavpils in Latvia). He studied in Dźvinsk and graduated from the Viciebsk Teachers' Institute. Jezavitaŭ then completed the Pavlovsk Military College in St. Petersburg in 1916. Involvement in the Belarusian independence movement Jezavitaŭ became involved in the Belarusian independence movement in 1913 by joining the Belarusian Socialist Assembly (Hramada). After the February Revolution, he began to organize Belarusian groups among soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army and joined the Belarusian Military Council. He took active part in the Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jazep Varonka
Jazep Jakaŭlevič Varonka ( be, Язэп Якаўлевіч Варонка, russian: Ио́сиф Я́ковлевич Воро́нко; 4 April 1891 – 4 June 1952) was the first Chairman of the People's Secretariat (i.e. head of government) of the Belarusian Democratic Republic from 21 February to May 1918. Biography Varonka was born in Sokółka County, Grodno Governorate on 4 April 1891. From 1909 to 1914, Varonka studied at the Saint Petersburg State University and published various Belarusian and Russian newspapers. In 1917, he joined the Belarusian Socialist Assembly and co-initiated the First All-Belarusian Congress. From 21 February to May 1918 he was the first Chairman of the People's Secretariat (i.e. Prime Minister) of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. He was succeeded by Jan Sierada. From 19 April, he was also Minister of Foreign Affairs. When Soviet Russia began its westward offensive of 1918–19 and captured Minsk, the government of the Belarusian Demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Constituent Charter
The Second Constituent Charter to the peoples of Belarus ( be, Другая Ўстаўная грамата да народаў Беларусі, Druhaja Ŭstaŭnaja hramata da narodaŭ Biełarusi) is a legal act adopted by the Executive Committee of the Council of the All-Belarusian Congress on March 9, 1918 in Minsk. Announced the formation of the Belarusian People's Republic as a democratic parliamentary and legal state, defined its territory within the settlement and numerical superiority of Belarusians. Embodied the then achievements of political and legal thought. Сідарэвіч А. Другая Устаўная грамата // С. 284. Historical context Adopted on February 21, 1918, the First Constituent Charter proclaimed the Executive Committee of the Council of the All-Belarusian Congress a temporary people's power in Belarus. However, on March 3, 1918, Soviet Russia concluded the Brest Peace Treaty, according to which it transferred most of the territory of Bela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kovno Governorate
Kovno Governorate ( rus, Ковенская губеpния, r=Kovenskaya guberniya; lt, Kauno gubernija) or Governorate of Kaunas was a governorate ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Kaunas (Kovno in Russian). It was formed on 18 December 1842 by Tsar Nicholas I from the western part of Vilna Governorate, and the order was carried out on 1 July 1843. It was part of the Vilna Governorate-General and Northwestern Krai. The governorate included almost the entire Lithuanian region of Samogitia and the northern part of Aukštaitija. Counties The governorate was divided into seven uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...s: References Further reading * * Governorates of the Russian Empire History of Kaunas Historical regions in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernigov Governorate
The Chernigov Governorate (russian: Черниговская губерния; translit.: ''Chernigovskaya guberniya''; ), also known as the Government of Chernigov, was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire, which was officially created in 1802 from the Malorossiya Governorate with an administrative centre of Chernihiv. The Little Russian Governorate was transformed into the General Government of Little Russia and consisted of Chernigov Governorate, Poltava Governorate, and later Kharkov Governorate. Chernigov Governorate borders are roughly consistent with the modern Chernihiv Oblast, but also included a large section of Sumy Oblast and smaller sections of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to most of the Bryansk Oblast, Russia. Administrative division The governorate consisted of 15 uyezds (their administrative centres in brackets): * Borznyansky Uyezd (Borzna) * Glukhovsky Uyezd ( Glukhov/Hlukhiv) * Gorodnyansky Uyezd ( Goro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smolensk Governorate
Smolensk Governorate (russian: Смоленская губерния, Smolenskaja gubernija), or the Government of Smolensk, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR. It existed, with interruptions, between 1708 and 1929. Smolensk Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on , 1708, by an edict from Tsar Peter the Great.Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Smolensk Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities, and section of lands adjacent to those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilna Governorate
The Vilna Governorate (1795–1915; also known as Lithuania-Vilnius Governorate from 1801 until 1840; russian: Виленская губерния, ''Vilenskaya guberniya'', lt, Vilniaus gubernija, pl, gubernia wileńska) or Government of Vilnius was a governorate (') of the Russian Empire created after the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. It was part of the Lithuanian General Governorate, which was called the Vilnius General Governorate after 1830, and was attached to the Northwestern Krai. The seat was in Vilnius (Vilna in Russian), where the Governors General resided. History The first governorates, Vilnius Governorate (consisting of eleven uyezds or districts) and Slonim Governorate, were established after the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Just a year later, on December 12, 1796, by order of Tsar Paul I they were merged into one governorate, called the Lithuanian Governorate, with its capital in Vilnius. By orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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