The Susquehanna and New York Railroad
[Ian Cranstone]
(compiled from Official Railway Equipment Registers), accessed June 2009 was a
short-line railroad
:''Short Line is also one of the four railroads in the American version of the popular board game Monopoly, named after the Shore Fast Line, an interurban streetcar line.''
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that oper ...
connecting the
Lehigh Valley Railroad
The Lehigh Valley Railroad was a railroad built in the Northeastern United States to haul anthracite coal from the Coal Region in Pennsylvania. The railroad was authorized on April 21, 1846 for freight and transportation of passengers, goods, ...
at
Towanda, Pennsylvania
Towanda is a borough and the county seat of Bradford County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located northwest of Wilkes-Barre, on the Susquehanna River. The name means "burial ground" in the Algo ...
, with the
Pennsylvania Railroad at Marsh Hill Junction.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 3] The railroad carried freight and passengers between Williamsport and Towanda by rail rather than using the
Susquehanna River or the
Pennsylvania Canal.
The railroad, 45 miles in length
(), in Northeastern
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
was originally built to carry timber and coal out of the
Barclay Mountain (also called the ''South Mountain'' range of the Alleghenies)
to Towanda where these products could then be shipped by river or rail.
Formation
As with many railroads, the S&NY formed from an earlier company, absorbed companies during its heyday, and was later itself absorbed before being torn up to help with the war effort during World War II. The story of the S&NY starts in 1794 when
Robert Barclay of London, England came to own 21,000 acres (85 km²) in the region.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 4] Little development occurred until coal was discovered on the land.
Professor Johnson or Richard Taylor (or possibly both) surveyed the land for a railroad about 1835, but no road was cut and access to the coal was still limited.
[Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 61]
The "Towanda and Franklin Railroad Company" was formed in 1853 to create a railroad to the coal mines but no rails were laid.
In 1854 the
Barclay Railroad and Coal Company formed, and work on the road began.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 5] The Barclay Railroad was authorized to hold 2,000 acres (8 km²) of coal lands as well as lands for track, depots, and stations, etc.
In 1856 the
Pennsylvania Canal (North Branch Division)
The North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal was a historic waterway that ran along the North Branch Susquehanna River between southern New York and north-central Pennsylvania. At its southern end, the canal connected with the West Bran ...
was built, improving access into the area and leading to renewed interest.
The "North Branch Canal" – another name for the ''Pennsylvania Canal (North Branch Division)'' – opened in Spring 1856 and the Barclay Railroad began hauling coal in July of that year.
The new railroad delivered over 7,000 tons of coal to the canal boats in the first year.
The coal was brought the 16 miles to Towanda where canal boats moved it to markets.
James Macfarland, the railroad's first general manager, organized the Towanda Coal company, which leased and operated the railroad for 20 years.
The Bradford Reporter, a local newspaper, said the railroad was 16 and 3/4 miles long on November 6, 1856.
[Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 63] The newspaper also reported that the train could pull 25 five ton cars at a time and make three trips per day between the coal mines and the canal boats.
In 1857 the railroad had two locomotives, the "Towanda" and "Philadelphia".
In 1867 the Pennsylvania & New York Railroad and Canal Company (later the "Wyoming Division" of the Lehigh Valley Railroad) connected Towanda to
Waverly, New York.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 6] Waverly connected to
Erie, Pennsylvania
Erie (; ) is a city on the south shore of Lake Erie and the county seat of Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. Erie is the fifth largest city in Pennsylvania and the largest city in Northwestern Pennsylvania with a population of 94,831 ...
and easier transportation to more markets. The Erie Railroad obtained trackage rights directly into the Barclay coal fields.
Significant damage occurred during the flood of 1900 (destroyed bridges, undermined roadbed, etc.).
[Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 30] The lumber industry, however, was just beginning to expand so there was a financial driver to make repairs. The Binghamton, Towanda & Western Railroad company bought the Barclay Railroad and rebuilt the road.
Operations begin (for S&NY)
In 1902, the Binghamton, Towanda & Western Railroad was absorbed by the Susquehanna & New York Railroad company.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 7][Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 43] A year later the S&NY bought the Gray's Run Railroad (renamed the "Gray's Run Branch") and added new track into Marsh Hill Junction,
located in
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport.
Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area.
About northwest o ...
. The Gray's Run Branch, however, was abandoned later when the timber industry ran its course.
In 1906 increased demand for timber resulted in improvements that reduced grades and eased curves.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 8] "Bigger rail" was laid, steel bridges replaced wooden ones, and a terminal was built at West Williamsport.
The early days were called "harrowing" in one account.
[Archer, R: ''A history of the Lehigh Valley Railroad: "The Route of the Black Diamond"'', p. 233]
1906 also saw the railroad carry 78,000 passengers and 381,878 tons of freight for a total of $337,352 in revenues.
[Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 68] From that, the railroad paid out $48,000 in dividends.
During the Pennsylvania lumber boom one of the largest saw mills, owned by C. W. Sones, was located at Masten.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 9] Sones also built a short line railroad called the Susquehanna & Eaglesmere Railroad to feed the S&NY.
The boom town of
Laquin with 20,000 acres (80 km²) of timber, contained 2,000 people and a payroll second only to
Sayre,
which had the Lehigh Valley Shops to maintain trains and broad bottom land making travel easier.
During the early years of the 20th century, the S&NY had two round trip passenger services per day.
The S&NY also had regular "Sunday School picnics and wildflower excursions" that required extra cars to carry the passengers.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 10] The S&NY was a valuable connection between the Lehigh Valley and Pennsylvania railroads.
Wartime service
When the United States entered World War I (WWI) the federal government took control of the nation's railroads
[Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 71] in the interest of national defense.
[Woodrow Wilson Presidential Proclamation 1419, December 26, 1917] The S&NY was placed under control of the Lehigh Valley Railroad during the war.
Government service resulted in improved roadbeds and bridges (paid for by the government).
By the time the war ended, business – mainly timber – had bottomed out.
It is unclear how the
Great Railroad Strike of 1922
The Great Railroad Strike of 1922, commonly known as the railroad shopmen, Railway Shopmen's Strike, was a nationwide Strike action, strike of railroad workers in the United States. Launched on July 1, 1922, by seven of the sixteen List of Amer ...
affected the S&NY, which was basically a connection between larger railroads.
From 1927 onward, the S&NY was in decline.
The
Great Depression during the 1930s did not present any growth opportunities. By this time the primary resources of the Barclay Mountain region – coal and timber – were either mined out or not needed, possibly due to other cheaper sources. In 1939, the railroad had a deficit of $18,005.
The Laquin Lumber Company, which had started a large mill in 1902 and drove much of the S&NY business, was shut down about 1920.
A chemical mill remained in business for a while longer but it closed in 1926, further cutting into the S&NY business.
Dismantled
On May 23, 1942, the S&NY made its last scheduled run.
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 24] The rails between Monroeton and Ralston were taken up shortly afterward to run tracks throughout a large munitions plant at White Deer (near Williamsport).
That is, the rails were used within the plant to move materials through the manufacturing process. So the S&NY ended its life to support World War II (WWII). The rails between Towanda and Monroeton were bought by the Lehigh Valley Railroad.
Communities or stations
North to south:
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 12-13 (map)][Abell, G/M: ''Barclay Mountain – A History'', p. 65 (map)]
*
Towanda – connected to Lehigh Valley Railroad with destinations to Buffalo or New York City
*
Monroeton – connected to Lehigh Valley branch south to Dushore
* Powell
* Weston
* Lamoka
* Long Valley
*
Barclay Station
* East Laquin
*
Laquin
* Whalen
* Cold Spring, (
Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Bradford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, its population was 59,967. Its county seat is Towanda. The county was created on February 21, 1810, from parts ...
)
* Wheelerville (
Sullivan County, Pennsylvania
Sullivan County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,840, making it the second-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Laporte ...
)
* Ellenton—highest point on the road at 2,100 feet above sea level
(
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport.
Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area.
About northwest o ...
)
* Hillsgrove Junction
* Masten
* Short Run
* Crandellton (or Crandeltown)
* Pleasant Stream
*
Ralston (coal spur) – connected to
Pennsylvania Railroad leading north toward Elmira, NY
* Heylman
* Bodines
* Williamson
*
Pennsdale
* Gray's Run
* Yoder Run
* Wilkinson
* McCrackens Summit
* Frozen Run
* MARSH HILL JUNCTION WAS 3 MILES north OF BODINES, NOT SOUTH OF BODINES
Marsh Hill Junction – connected to Pennsylvania Railroad leading south to West Williamsport
From Marsh Hill Junction, the S&NY had trackage rights for 20 miles into West Williamsport for connections to the Reading and New York Central railroads.
At
Williamsport, passengers and freight could connect to the
Pennsylvania Railroad,
Reading Railroad
The Reading Company ( ) was a Philadelphia-headquartered railroad that provided passenger and commercial rail transport in eastern Pennsylvania and neighboring states that operated from 1924 until its 1976 acquisition by Conrail.
Commonly call ...
or
New York Central Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the Mid ...
.
Engines
Some additional information can be found in the ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'' (p. 21).
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 21] Several of these engines are referred to by number (2, 5,
[Shay, J: 1914 diary, Feb 5, 1914] 6, 11, 24, 109) by Jeremiah Shay in hi
1914 diary
(a) Uncertain about this number
(b) Dickson later merged with American
History
* 1794 – Robert Barclay of London, England came into possession of the land now called Barclay Mountain.
* 1835 – Professor Johnson, Richard Taylor or both surveyed the area for a railroad to the coal mines.
* 1853 – Towanda and Franklin Railroad Company organized but nothing came of it.
* 1854 – Barclay Railroad and Towanda Coal Company organized by Edward Overton, Sr.
* 1854 – 16 miles of track from Towanda to the coal mines finally opens the region.
* 1856 – North Branch Canal company builds canal on the Susquehanna River to move goods, including the Barclay coal, to market.
* 1868 – Pennsylvania & New York Railroad and Canal Company opens a line between Towanda, PA and Waverly, NY, which connects to their main line.
* 1900 – Flood severely damages the roadbed and bridges.
* 1902 – Susquehanna and New York Railroad formed; absorbs the Barclay Railroad and Gray's Run Railroad.
* 1917 –
United States Railroad Administration
The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) was the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between December 28, 1917, and March 1, 1920. It was the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken a ...
established to run U.S. railroads during World War I.
* 1917 – S&NY placed under Lehigh Valley Railroad (LV) management.
* 1920 – With the war over, railroads returned to private ownership.
* 1939 – S&NY operating in the red.
* 1942 – S&NY track removed to a munitions plant near Williamsport to support the World War II war effort.
Founders
*
Edward Overton, Sr., President
* James Macfarland, general Manager
Other notable individuals
*C. S. Horton, S&NY's first president
Officers (in 1941)
The ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'' lists officers and employees as of August 1941
[Kaseman, E: ''Story of the Susquehanna and New York'', p. 23] shortly before the railroad was dismantled to support the war (WWII) effort.
*L. C. Warren, President
*John Orr, Vice-President
*R. H. Zinn, Comptroller
*W. C. Zeigler, Treasurer
*H. J. Welsh, General Freight and Passenger Agent
*W. H. Hough, Secretary
*W. B. Strunk, Assistant General Manager
*J. J. Coleman, Trainmaster and Supervisor of Track
*H. M. Miller, Master Mechanic
*H. F. Thompson, Chief Engineer
*L. G. Schultz, Purchasing Agent
See also
Railway Control Act (March 21, 1918)1914 Work Journal for S&NY Worker
References
Bibliography
The following publications may provide additional information about this railroad.
*
*
**Chapter 7: ''The Susquehanna and New York Railroad'' (pp. 61–78)
***Includes photos of locomotives, stations, and timetables
**Chapter 8: ''Train Wrecks on Barclay Mountain'' (pp. 79–84)
*
**The S&NY connected to the LVRR at Towanda, Pennsylvania
**p. 233: Undated photo of engine 119 waiting the arrival of LV train No. 10 at Towanda.
*
*
*
*
*
*
**Scattered later books, see index for S&NY
*
*
Other notes
The following notes may be related to this subject but need to be qualified further.
#Triumph VII,p. 95–100 (minor reference, diagrams of Westernport yards)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Susquehanna New York Railroad
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads