''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf

axil A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

s and with the ends of the petals rolled back with hairs in the inside of the tube.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Styphelia'' are usually erect or spreading shrubs that have egg-shaped, elliptical or oblong, more or less

sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...

leaves with many fine, almost parallel veins and a sharp point on the tip. The flowers are usually arranged singly in leaf axils with small

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s grading to larger bracteoles at the base and five, usually coloured

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s. The

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s are fused to form a cylindrical tube with their tips rolled back. The inside of the petal tube is hairy and the five

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s and thread-like style extend beyond the end of the tube. The fruit is a

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...

with a dry or slightly fleshy mesocarp and a hard endocarp.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Styphelia'' was first formally described in 1795 by

James Edward Smith James Edward Smith may refer to: * James Edward Smith (botanist), English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society * James Edward Smith (murderer), American murderer * James Edward Smith (politician), Canadian businessman and mayor of Toronto * ...

in his book '' A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland''. The name ''Styphelia'' is from an

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

word meaning "tough" or "harsh", referring to the "stiff, prickly leaves and general habit" of the genus.

Species list

The following is a list of species of ''Styphelia'' accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

as at October 2022: * ''

Styphelia abnormis ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

'' ( Sond.)

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victo ...

(Northern Borneo to New Guinea) * ''

Styphelia abscondita ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

J.J.Sm. Johannes Jacobus Smith (Antwerp 29 June 1867 – Oegstgeest 14 January 1947) (sometimes written as Joannes Jacobus Smith) was a Dutch Botany, botanist who, between years 1905 to 1924, crossed the islands of the Dutch East Indies (mainly Java (isl ...

(New Guinea) * ''

Styphelia acervata ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

'' ( Hislop & A.J.G.Wilson) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel.

(W.A.) * ''

Styphelia acuminata ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

'' ( R.Br.)

Spreng. Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' (1792–99 in four vo ...

(N.T.) * ''

Styphelia adscendens ''Styphelia adscendens'', commonly known as golden heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a prostrate or low-lying shrub with lance-shaped leaves and cream-coloured, p ...

'' R.Br. - golden heath (N.S.W., S.A., Vic., Tas.) * ''

Styphelia allittii ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * ''

Styphelia angustiflora ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * ''

Styphelia angustifolia ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the ...

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

(N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia appressa'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.) * '' Styphelia attenuata'' (

A.Cunn. Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his travels in Australia to collect plants. Early life Cunningham was born in Wimbledon, Surrey, England, the son of Allan Cunnin ...

) F.Muell. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.) * '' Styphelia balansae'' Virot (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia biflora'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.) * '' Styphelia blakei'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia blepharolepis'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia brevicuspis'' (

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia breviflora'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia capillaris'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia cernua'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia chlorantha'' Hislop & A.J.G.Wilson (W.A.) * '' Styphelia ciliosa'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia clelandii'' ( Cheel) J.H.Willis (S.A., Vic.) * '' Styphelia coelophylla'' (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia cognata''

A.R.Bean Anthony Russell Bean (born 1957) is an Australian botanist who works at the Queensland Herbarium and Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha. Since 1982, he has led the Eucalyptus Study Group of the Society for Growing Australian Plants. Care ...

(Qld.) * '' Styphelia compacta'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia conchifolia'' ( Strid) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia concinna'' (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia conferta'' (Benth.) F.Muell. (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia conostephioides'' (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia cordifolia'' (

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...

) F.Muell. (N.S.W., S.A., Vic., W.A.) * '' Styphelia corynocarpa'' (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia coryphila'' ( Guillaumin)

Sleumer Hermann Otto Sleumer (February 21, 1906 in Saarbrücken – October 1, 1993 in Oegstgeest) was a Dutch botanist of German birth. The plant genera ''Sleumerodendron'' Virot ( Proteaceae) and ''Sleumeria'' Utteridge, Nagam. & Teo (Icacinaceae T ...

(New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia crassiflora'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia crassifolia'' (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia cuspidata'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia cymbiformis'' (A.Cunn. ex DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia cymbulae'' ( Labill.) Spreng. (Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu) * '' Styphelia dammarifolia'' ( Brongn. &

Gris ''Gris'' is a platform-adventure game by Spanish developer Nomada Studio and published by Devolver Digital. The game was released for macOS, Nintendo Switch, and Windows in December 2018, for iOS in August 2019, for PlayStation 4 in November 20 ...

) F.Muell. (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia decussata'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia deformis'' (R.B.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia densifolia'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia deserticola'' Hislop (W.A.) * '' Styphelia dielsiana'' ( E.Pritz.)

(W.A.) * '' Styphelia discolor'' (Sond.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia disjuncta'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia enervia'' (Guillaumin) Sleumer (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia epacridis'' (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia erectifolia'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia ericoides'' Sm. (N.S.W., Qld., S.A., Tas., Vic.) * '' Styphelia erubescens'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia esquamata'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld., Tas., Vic.) * '' Styphelia exarrhena'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. - desert styphelia (S.A., Vic.) * '' Styphelia exolasia'' F.Muell. (N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia exserta'' (F.Muell.) Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia filamentosa'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia filifolia'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia flavescens'' (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia fletcheri'' ( Maiden &

Betche Daniel Ludwig Ernst Betche (31 December 1851, in Potsdam – 28 June 1913, in Sydney) was a German-Australian horticulturist and botanist. His mother died at his birth and he was of delicate constitution all his life. His father was sufficient ...

) Maiden & Betche (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.) * '' Styphelia flexifolia'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia foliosa'' (Sond.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia forbesii'' Sleumer (

Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up t ...

) * '' Styphelia geniculata'' Crayn (Qld.) * '' Styphelia glaucifolia'' (

W.Fitzg. William Vincent Fitzgerald, (21 July 1867 – 6 August 1929) was an Australian botanist. He described five genera and about 210 species of plants from Western Australia, including 33 ''Acacia'' and several ''Eucalyptus'' species. He also collect ...

) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia grandiflora'' ( Pedley) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia hainesii'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia hamulosa'' (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia hispida'' (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia humifusa'' ( Cav.)

Pers. Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1 February 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a German mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy. Early life Persoon was born in South Africa at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immi ...

(N.S.W, S.A., Tas., Vic.) * '' Styphelia imbricata'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia inopinata'' (Hislop) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia insularis'' (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia intertexta'' A.S.George (W.A.) * '' Styphelia javanica'' (

Zoll. Heinrich Zollinger (22 March 1818 – 19 May 1859) was a Swiss botanist. Zollinger was born in Feuerthalen, Switzerland. From 1837 to 1838 he studied botany at the University of Geneva under Augustin and Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, but had ...

Moritzi Alexander Moritzi (1806-1850) was a Swiss naturalist and early proponent of evolution. Moritzi born in Chur, Graubünden. His ''Réflexions sur l'espèce en histoire naturelle'', which means "Reflections on Species in Natural History," was publ ...

)

. (Java) * '' Styphelia kingiana'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia laeta'' R.Br. (N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia lanata'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia lavarackii'' (Pedley) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia leptantha'' (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia leptospermoides'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia lissanthoides'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (S.A., W.A.) * '' Styphelia longifolia'' R.Br. (N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia longissima'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia longistylis'' (Brongn. & Gris) Sleumer (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia lucens'' A.R.Bean (Qld.) * '' Styphelia macrocalyx'' (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia macrocarpa'' (

Schltr. Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids. He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America a ...

) Sleumer (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia malayana'' ( Jack) J.J.Sm. (Borneo, Cambodia, Malaya, Myanmar, New Guinea, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam) * '' Styphelia margarodes'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia marginata'' (W.Fitzg.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia melaleucoides'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia microcalyx'' (Sond.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia microdonta'' (F.Muell. ex Benth) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia mitchellii'' (Benth.) F.Muell. (Qld.) * '' Styphelia multiflora'' Spreng. ( Chatham Island, N.S.W., Vic., W.A.) * '' Styphelia mutica'' (R.Br.) F.Muell. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.) * '' Styphelia nana'' ( M.I.Dawson & Heenan) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. ( New Zealand South Island) * '' Styphelia neoanglica'' (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia nesophila'' (DC.) Sleumer (N.S.W., New Zealand, Tasmania, Victoria) * '' Styphelia nitens'' Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia oblongifolia'' (A.J.G.Wilson & Hislop) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * ''

Styphelia obtecta ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of th ...

'' (Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia pallida'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.) * ''

Styphelia pancheri ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of th ...

'' 9Brongn. & Gris) F.Muell. (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia pendula'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia pentapagona'' F.Muell. (W.A.) * ''

Styphelia perileuca ''Styphelia perileuca'', commonly known as montane green five-corners, is a plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is an erect, spreading shrub with broad leaves with a spiky tip, and yellowish-green and red tu ...

'' J.M.Powell - montane green five-corners (N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia piliflora'' Crayn (Qld.) * '' Styphelia planifolia'' (Sond.) Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia pogonocalyx'' (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia propinqua'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia prostrata'' (R.Br.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia psiloclada'' J.M.Powell (N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia psilopus'' ( Stschegl.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia pubescens'' (

S.Moore Spencer Le Marchant Moore (1 November 1850 – 14 March 1931) was an English botanist. Biography Moore was born in Hampstead. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from about 1870 to 1879, wrote a number of botanical papers, and then wo ...

) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia quartzitica'' Hislop (W.A.) * '' Styphelia racemulosa'' (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia rectiloba'' Hislop (W.A.) * '' Styphelia recurvisepala'' (

C.T.White Cyril Tenison ("C.T.") White (17 August 1890 – 15 August 1950) was an Australian botanist. Early life White was born in Brisbane to Henry White, a trade broker, and Louisa ''nee'' Bailey. He attended school at South Brisbane State School, an ...

) Sleumer (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia retrorsa'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia rigidus'' (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia riparia'' ( N.A.Wakef.) J.H.Willis (Vic.) * '' Styphelia rotundifolia'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia rufa'' (Lindl.) F.Muell. (N.S.W., S.A., Vic.) * '' Styphelia rupicola'' (C.T.White) Sleumer (Qld.) * '' Styphelia ruscifolia'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.T., Qld.) * ''

Styphelia saxicola ''Styphelia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of th ...

'' Hislop (W.A.) * '' Styphelia serratifolia'' (DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia setigera'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (N.S.W., Vic.) * '' Styphelia sieberi'' (DC.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.) * '' Styphelia sonderensis'' (J.H.Willis) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (N.T.) * '' Styphelia decussata'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia stomarrhena'' (Sond.) Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia striata'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia strongylophylla'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia subulata'' (F.Muell.) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia sulcata'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia tamminensis'' (E.Pritz.) Sleumer (W.A.) * '' Styphelia tecta'' (R.Br.) Spreng. (W.A) * '' Styphelia tenuiflora'' Lindl. - common pinheath (W.A.) * '' Styphelia tortifolia'' Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia trichostyla'' (J.M.Powell) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia triflora''

Andrews Andrews may refer to: Places Australia *Andrews, Queensland *Andrews, South Australia United States *Andrews, Florida (disambiguation), various places *Andrews, Indiana * Andrews, Nebraska *Andrews, North Carolina * Andrews, Oregon * Andrews, Sou ...

- pink five-corners (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T.) * ''

Styphelia tubiflora ''Styphelia tubiflora'', known as red five-corner is a shrub found in eastern Australia. The habitat is poor sandy soils, in dry eucalyptus forest or heathlands. It occurs in areas such as Sydney, Jervis Bay and the Blue Mountains. It was first ...

'' Sm. - red five-corner (N.S.W.) * '' Styphelia veillonii'' Virot (New Caledonia) * '' Styphelia viridis'' Andrews (N.S.W., Qld.) * '' Styphelia wetarensis'' J.J.Sm. (Lesser Sunda Island) * '' Styphelia williamsiorum'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia woodsii'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (S.A., Vic., W.A.) * '' Styphelia xerophylla'' (DC.) F.Muell. (W.A.) * '' Styphelia yorkensis'' (Pedley) Hislop, Crayn & Puente-Lel. (Qld.)

Distribution

Species of ''Styphelia'' occur in all Australian mainland states and the Australian Capital Territory. Other species are found northwards to Indo-China.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q73917 Ericaceae genera Ericales of Australia