Strictosidine is a natural
chemical compound and is classified as a
glucoalkaloid and a
vinca alkaloid. It is formed by the
Pictet–Spengler condensation reaction of
tryptamine with
secologanin, catalyzed by the enzyme
strictosidine synthase. Thousands of strictosidine
derivatives
The derivative of a function is the rate of change of the function's output relative to its input value.
Derivative may also refer to:
In mathematics and economics
* Brzozowski derivative in the theory of formal languages
* Formal derivative, an ...
are sometimes referred to by the broad phrase of
monoterpene indole alkaloids. Strictosidine is an intermediate in the
biosynthesis
Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. ...
of numerous pharmaceutically valuable metabolites including
quinine,
camptothecin,
ajmalicine,
serpentine
Serpentine may refer to:
Shapes
* Serpentine shape, a shape resembling a serpent
* Serpentine curve, a mathematical curve
* Serpentine, a type of riding figure
Science and nature
* Serpentine subgroup, a group of minerals
* Serpentinite, a ...
,
vinblastine,
vincristine and
mitragynine
Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and the most abundant active alkaloid in the Southeast Asian plant ''Mitragyna speciosa'', commonly known as '' kratom.'' The total alkaloid concentration in dried leaves ranges from 0.5 to 1.5%. In Thai va ...
.
Biosynthetic pathways help to define the subgroups of strictosidine derivatives.
Distribution
Strictosidine is found in the following plant families:
*
Apocynaceae
Here especially in
Rhazya stricta
''Rhazya stricta'' (Persian: اشورک Eshvarak) is a native poisonous plant in Southern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia.Muẓaffariān, Walī Allāh. 1996. A dictionary of Iranian plant names: Latin, Engl ...
and
Catharanthus roseus.
*
Loganiaceae
*
Rubiaceae
*
Icacinaceae
*
Nyssaceae
*
Alangiaceae
Recent efforts in metabolic engineering have permitted the synthesis of strictosidine by yeast (''
Saccharomyces cerevisiae''). This was accomplished by adding 21 genes and 3 gene deletions.
Research
The involvement of the glucoalkaloid strictosidine in the antimicrobial and antifeedant activity of Catharanthus roseus leaves was studied. Strictosidine and its deglucosylation product, specifically formed by the enzyme strictosidine glucosidase, were found to be active against several microorganisms.
[Luijendijk, T. J. C., van der Meijden, E. & Verpoorte, R. (1996). Involvement of strictosidine as a defensive chemical inCatharanthus roseus. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22(8), 1355–1366. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02027718]
References
{{Reflist
Indole alkaloids
Glucosides
Vinyl compounds