Stephen Delancey (french: Étienne de Lancy; October 24, 1663 – November 18, 1741) was a major figure in the life of colonial

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

. His children continued to wield great influence until the American Revolution.

Early life

Stephen DeLancy was born in

Caen Caen (, ; nrf, Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the department of Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inhabitants (), while its functional urban area has 470,000,France, on October 24, 1663Kenneth T. Jackson: ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'': The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. P. 324. as ''Étienne de Lancy'', the only son of Jacques de Lancy, Esq. and Marguerite Bertrand. His great-grandfather was Jacques de Lancy, a crown prosecutor, and his 2x-great grandfather was Charles de Lancy, 5th Viscount of

Laval Laval means ''The Valley'' in old French and is the name of: People * House of Laval, a French noble family originating from the town of Laval, Mayenne * Laval (surname) Places Belgium * Laval, a village in the municipality of Sainte-Ode, Luxem ...

and

Nouvion Nouvion (; or sometimes Nouvion-en-Ponthieu) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography Nouvion is situated north of Abbeville, between the Somme estuary and the forest of Crécy, on the D1001 (ex ...

Ancestors

The de Lancy family were minor French nobility ( fr: ''la noblesse française'') and, despite being of the Huguenot faith, served the French Crown as administrators and bureaucrats for over two hundred years. Dating back to the early 15th century, successive generations of the de Lancy family (or ''de Lanci'' in older texts) held the titles of Viscount of Laval and of Nouvion, Baron of Raray, Lord of Nery and of Faverolles, Verines, Ribecourt and Haramont. ('' Vicomte de

et de

Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knig ...

de Raray, et Seigneur de

Néry Néry () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. The commune includes the hamlets of Huleux, Vaucelles, and Verrines. The Church of Saint-Martin in Néry dates from 1140 with later additions. The Manoir de Huleux was built in 15 ...

et de Faverolles,

Vérines Vérines () is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprise ...

, Ribécourt, et Haramont'') The family coat of arms is blazoned: ''Or an Eagle Sable displayed beaked and membered Gules, overall an escutcheon Azure in pale three spears erect Or.'' (Armes : d'or à l'aigle de sable becqué et membré de gueules chargé en coeur d'un écusson d'azur surchargé de trois lances d'or posées en pal.) Jacques De Lancy, was descended from Guy de Lancy (d. 1436), the 1st Viscount of

and of

, which was created in 1432 during the reign of Henry VI. Guy was succeeded in 1436 by his son, Jean de Lancy, 2nd Viscount. He was succeeded by his son, Jean de Lancy, 3rd Viscount (born 1470), who was succeeded by his son, Charles de Lancy, 4th Viscount in 1525. Ten years later, in 1535, Charles was succeeded by Charles de Lancy, 5th Viscount of Laval, who was the eldest of his two sons from his second marriage to Marie de Villiers. On April 15, 1534, Charles, the 5th Viscount, married Isabeau Branche, daughter of Fourcy Branche, Lord of Bréau, with whom he had three sons: Charles de Lancy, Jacques de Lancy, and Claude de Lancy. The second son, Jacques, crown prosecutor in the provost, had a son Pierre de Lancy, Lord of Niville. His son, Jacques de Lancy, was Étienne de Lancy's father. Around 1600, the land of Raray was sold to Nicolas de Lancy, advisor to the King, war treasurer, Chamberlain of

Gaston, Duke of Orléans '' Monsieur'' Gaston, Duke of Orléans (Gaston Jean Baptiste; 24 April 1608 – 2 February 1660), was the third son of King Henry IV of France and his second wife, Marie de' Medici. As a son of the king, he was born a '' Fils de France''. He lat ...

. He built of the present castle of Raray along with the two outer buildings. In 1945, Raray Castle was the filming location for scenes from the film Beauty and the Beast by Jean Cocteau. In 1654, de Lacey was created Marquis de Néry-Raray by Louis XIV, a title which is currently held by the Marquis de la Bédoyère who married into the family.

Fleeing from France

In 1686, de Lancy was forced to flee bitter persecution by French Catholics following the October 18, 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV, in which some two hundred thousand Huguenots left their native land. Escaping first to Rotterdam with a portion of the family jewels which his mother had given him sewn into his clothing, de Lancy sailed to England, obtaining an "Act of Denization" (naturalization) from King

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on March 3, 1686.

Life in New York

Soon afterwards, de Lancy sailed for the English Colonies in

America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

, landing in New York City on June 6, 1686. Almost exactly one month later (July 7), he obtained additional letters of denization in New York from Governor Dongan, and on September 9, 1687, took the

Oath of Allegiance An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to a monarch or a country. In modern republics, oaths are sworn to the country in general, or to the country's constitution. For ...

to the

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under the Colonial Act of 1683. It was at this time that he anglicized his name, becoming ''Stephen Delancey.'' He sold his portion of the family jewels for £300 (equivalent to £ in ) and became a merchant. Delancey was to become one of the most successful merchants in the colony of New York with his well-known granary, warehouse and retail store, known to all as "Delancey and Co." During Queen Anne's War, letters of marque against the French served as a cover for DeLancey to engage in trade as an

interloper Interloper, Interlopers or The Interlopers may refer to: Entertainment * '' The Interloper: Lee Harvey Oswald Inside the Soviet Union'', a 2013 book by Peter Savodnik * Interloper (comics), a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe * I ...

with Red Sea Pirates of Île Sainte-Marie. This also entailed his engagement in the trade in enslaved Malagasy people. By the 1730s, he had become such a prosperous merchant that he was able to build a large mansion on Broadway, just above Trinity Church. The mansion was eventually demolished in 1792 to build the City Hotel, and the site is now occupied by the United States Realty Building. Stephen Delancey played an active role in the life of the city, serving as an Alderman for several years, and both a member of the New York Provincial Assembly and the Governor's Council. He is also credited with having presented as gifts to the city its first Town Clock and its first Fire Engine.

Family

On January 23, 1700, Delancey married Anne van Cortlandt (1676–1724), third child of Gertrude Schuyler (born 1654) and Stephanus van Cortlandt (1643–1700), the Chief Justice of the Province of New York. They had ten children, only five of whom survived infancy, all of whom married and had issue. They were: *

James DeLancey James De Lancey (November 27, 1703 – July 30, 1760) served as chief justice, lieutenant governor, and acting colonial governor of the Province of New York. Early life and education De Lancey was born in New York City on November 27, 170 ...

(1703–1760), who married Anne Heathcote, daughter of Caleb Heathcote, and who became Chief Justice of the

Supreme Court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

for the Province of New York, in addition to serving as Lt. Gov. of New York. * Peter DeLancey (1705–1770), who married Elizabeth Colden, daughter of Cadwallader Colden and became a merchant in what is now the Bronx, and served in the New York Provincial Assembly for many years. * Susannah DeLancey (1707–1771), who married Admiral Sir Peter Warren (1703–1752), who was an MP for Westminster.Gwyn, J. (1974). ''The enterprising admiral: The personal fortune of Admiral Sir Peter Warren''. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. * Oliver DeLancey (1718–1785), who married Phila Franks and who also became a merchant, serving as a brigadier general in the British Army during the American Revolution * Anne DeLancey (1723–1784), who married John Watts (1715–1789), a prominent businessman of the day. In the summer of 1700, Delancey began construction of a house at 54 Pearl Street in New York City, on land given to his wife by her father as a wedding gift to the young couple. In 1762, the house was sold at auction by Stephen's heirs to Samuel Fraunces, who converted it into the ''Queen Charlotte Tavern.'' The house still stands today, and is known as '' Fraunces Tavern.'' At the time of his death on November 18, 1741, de Lancey left an estate valued in excess of £100,000

British Pounds Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...

(approximately $18,000,000 in US dollars today).

Descendants

Through his eldest surviving son James, he was the grandfather of James De Lancey (1732–1800), a colonial politician and turfman, and Anna De Lancey (1746–1817), who married a Recorder of New York City, Thomas Jones. Through his son Peter, he was the grandfather of Susan DeLancey (1754–1837), who married

Thomas Henry Barclay Thomas Henry Barclay (October 12, 1753 – April 21, 1830) was an American lawyer who became one of the United Empire Loyalists in Nova Scotia and served in the colony's government. Early life Thomas Henry Barclay came from a prominent New York f ...

, a lawyer who became one of the United Empire Loyalists in Nova Scotia and served in the colony's government. His other granddaughter Jane (1750–1809) married John Watts, her first cousin. The sisters married in a double-wedding ceremony. Through his son Oliver, he was the grandfather of Stephen Delancey (1748–1798), who served as Chief Justice of the Bahamas and

Governor of Tobago This article lists governors of Tobago. Governors of Tobago have been referred to by the formal titles of "Governor" and "Lieutenant-Governor". For governors of the united Trinidad and Tobago after 1889 see List of Governors of Trinidad and Tobago ...

and was the progenitor of the Bahamian branch of the De Lancy family; Oliver De Lancey (–1822), a British Army officer who served as a Member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1796 to 1802; and Susanna De Lancey who married Sir William Draper, a British military officer who conquered Manila in 1762.Pitt's 'Gallant Conqueror': The Turbulent Life of Lieutenant-General Sir William Draper
James Dreaper, 2006, Through his daughter Anne, he was the grandfather of John Watts (1749–1836), a lawyer and politician from New York City who represented

in the

U.S. House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...

Footnotes

References

* D.A. Story, ''The de Lancey's: Romance of a Great Family'', Toronto: Nelson & Sons, 1931. * George Lockhart Rives: Genealogical Notes (New York: Knickerbocker, 1914). {{DEFAULTSORT:Delancey, Stephen 1663 births 1741 deaths Businesspeople from Caen Huguenots History of New York City People from Manhattan Members of the New York Provincial Assembly People from colonial New York French emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies 17th-century American slave traders Interlopers (business) De Lancey family 18th-century American slave traders