The Steigerwald is a hill region up to in the
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
n-
Franconia
Franconia (german: Franken, ; Franconian dialect: ''Franggn'' ; bar, Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: ''Fränkisch'').
The three administrative regions of Lower, Middle and Upper Fr ...
n part of the
South German Scarplands
The South German Scarplands is a geological and geomorphological natural region or landscape in Switzerland and the south German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The landscape is characterised by escarpments.
It is variously referred to ...
between
Würzburg
Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River.
Würzburg is ...
and
Nuremberg
Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...
. It is part of the
Keuper Uplands
The Keuper Uplands (german: Keuperbergland or, more rarely ''Keuperwaldberge'') are part of the South German Scarplands and cover an area of about 3,200 square kilometres.
The following regions belong to the Keuper Uplands (from southwest to nort ...
, and within it, it is continued to the north-northeast and right of the river
Main
Main may refer to:
Geography
* Main River (disambiguation)
**Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany
* Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province
*"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries
...
, by the
Haßberge, and to the south-southwest by the
Franconian Heights
The Franconian HeightsBavarian State Chancellery, ''Information about Bavaria'', 1981, p. 11. (german: Frankenhöhe) are a hill ridge, up to , in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg in South Germany.
Location and boundaries
The Franconian Heights l ...
. Part of the region is a designated as the
Steigerwald Nature Park
On 8 March 1988 the Bavarian State Ministry for State Development and the Environment designated an area of in the Steigerwald in North Bavaria, Germany, as the Steigerwald Nature Park (german: Naturpark Steigerwald). About half the area consist ...
.
Geography
Location
The Steigerwald lies at the junction of the Bavarian provinces of
Lower
Lower may refer to:
*Lower (surname)
*Lower Township, New Jersey
*Lower Receiver (firearms)
*Lower Wick
Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated about five miles south west of Dursley, eight ...
,
Middle, and
Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (german: Oberfranken) is a ''Regierungsbezirk'' (administrative 'Regierungs''region 'bezirk'' of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle F ...
, the
tripoint
A tripoint, trijunction, triple point, or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet. There are 175 international tripoints as of 2020. Nearly half are situated in rivers, l ...
being marked by the
Dreifrankenstein
The Dreifrankenstein (German for ''Three Franconias Stone'') is a boundary stone that marks the tripoint where the three Franconian provinces of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia meet in southern Germany. As part of the regional reforms in 1972 ...
. It is located between the cities of
Bamberg
Bamberg (, , ; East Franconian: ''Bambärch'') is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, on the river Regnitz close to its confluence with the river Main. The town dates back to the 9th century, when its name was derived from the nearby ' castle. C ...
,
Schweinfurt
Schweinfurt ( , ; ) is a city in the district of Lower Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the surrounding district (''Landkreis'') of Schweinfurt and a major industrial, cultural and educational hub. The urban agg ...
, Würzburg, and Nuremberg. In the north, it is bounded by the course of the river Main, and in the east by the river
Regnitz
The Regnitz is a river in Franconia, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Main and is in length.
The river is formed by the confluence of the rivers Rednitz and Pegnitz, which meet in the city of Fürth. From there the Regnitz runs northward ...
. Its southern boundary is formed by the river
Aisch
The Aisch is an 83 km long tributary of the Regnitz in Middle- and Upper Franconia, in the state of Bavaria in southern Germany. It passes through Bad Windsheim, Neustadt an der Aisch and Höchstadt
Höchstadt an der Aisch, commonly known ...
, and in the west by the Main again and a line from
Marktbreit
Marktbreit am Main () is a town in the district of Kitzingen in the Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated at the most southern point of the Main river. Marktbreit is the birthplace of Alois Alzheimer who first identi ...
via
Uffenheim
Uffenheim () is a city in the Middle Franconian district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 14 km west of Bad Windsheim, and 36 km southeast of Würzburg.
Town structure
Uffenheim consists of 13 d ...
to
Bad Windsheim
Bad Windsheim (East Franconian: ''Winsa'') is a small historic town in Bavaria, Germany with a population of almost 12,000. It lies in the district Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, west of Nuremberg. In the Holy Roman Empire, Windsheim held t ...
.
The Steigerwald covers the territories of six counties:
Bamberg
Bamberg (, , ; East Franconian: ''Bambärch'') is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, on the river Regnitz close to its confluence with the river Main. The town dates back to the 9th century, when its name was derived from the nearby ' castle. C ...
,
Erlangen-Höchstadt
Erlangen-Höchstadt is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Fürth, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, Bamberg, Forchheim and Nürnberger Land, and by the cities of Nurembe ...
,
Haßberge,
Kitzingen
Kitzingen () is a town in the Germany, German state of Bavaria, capital of the Kitzingen (district), district Kitzingen. It is part of the Franconia geographical region and has around 21,000 inhabitants. Surrounded by vineyards, Kitzingen County i ...
,
Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim
Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim (German: Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, official Landkreis Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim) is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the distr ...
, and
Schweinfurt
Schweinfurt ( , ; ) is a city in the district of Lower Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the surrounding district (''Landkreis'') of Schweinfurt and a major industrial, cultural and educational hub. The urban agg ...
.
Natural regions
The Steigerwald is divided into these natural regions:
[Emil Meynen, Josef Schmithüsen: '']Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany
The ''Handbook of Natural Region Divisions of Germany'' (german: Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands) was a book series resulting from a project by the former German Federal Institute for Regional Studies ('' Bundesanstalt für La ...
.'' Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Remagen/Bad Godesberg, 1953–1962 (9 issues in 8 books, updated 1:1,000,000 map with major units, 1960).[Various authors: ''Geographische Landesaufnahme: Die naturräumlichen Einheiten in Einzelblättern 1:200.000.'' Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Bad Godesberg, 1952–1991. â†]
Online maps
asterisked (*) sheets have not yet been published.
*Sheet 152: Würzburg (Horst Mensching, Günter Wagner 1963; 45 pp.)*
*Sheet 153: Bamberg (Karl Albert Habbe 2004, in ''Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 2003/2004'', pp. 55-102; 48 pp.)
*part of the
South German Scarplands
The South German Scarplands is a geological and geomorphological natural region or landscape in Switzerland and the south German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The landscape is characterised by escarpments.
It is variously referred to ...
(''Südwestdeutsches Stufenland'')
*part of the 11
Franconian Keuper-Lias Land
The Franconian Keuper-Lias Plains or Franconian Keuper-Lias LandsDickinson, Robert E (1964). ''Germany: A regional and economic geography'' (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, p. 83. . (german: Fränkische Keuper-Lias-Land) are a major natural region in t ...
(''Fränkisches Keuper-Lias-Land'')
*115 Steigerwald (1115.2 km
2)
**115.0 Southern (Anterior) Steigerwald (''Südlicher (Vorderer) Steigerwald'')
**115.1 Middle Steigerwald (''Mittlerer Steigerwald'')
**115.0 Northern Steigerwald (''Nördlicher Steigerwald'')
Hills
Among the hills and high points of the Steigerwald are, sorted by height in
metre
The metre (British spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) (from the French unit , from the Greek noun , "measure"), symbol m, is the primary unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), though its pref ...
s above
sea level (NHN) (unless otherwise stated these are based on ):
*
Scheinberg
The Scheinberg is a hill, ,{{GeoQuelle, DE, BFN-Karten and the highest point in the Steigerwald, a hill range in southern Germany. It lies northeast of Ippesheim in the county of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim in Middle Franconia. To the n ...
(498.5 m),
near Reusch (
Weigenheim)
* Hoher Landsberg (498 m);
with
Hohenlandsberg Castle ruins
*
Zabelstein
Zabelstein is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state o ...
(489 m);
with viewing tower (475.0 m)
* Großer Knetzberg (487.5 m),
near Eschenau (
Knetzgau
Knetzgau is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and ...
)
* Stollberg (475,6 m),
near Handthal (
Oberschwarzach
Oberschwarzach is a Municipalities of Germany, municipality in the district of Schweinfurt (district), Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Schweinfurt (district)
{{Schweinfurtdistrict-geo-stub ...
); with the nearby
Stollburg Castle ruins
*
Schwanberg
Schwanberg is a mountain, or hill of higher elevation (474 m), in the rural district of Kitzingen, Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.
It is part of the Steigerwald. In ancient times the mountain was used by the Celts as a refug ...
(473,7 m);
with
Schloss Schwanberg
''Schloss'' (; pl. ''Schlösser''), formerly written ''Schloß'', is the German language, German term for a building similar to a château, palace, or manor house.
Related terms appear in several Germanic languages. In the Scandinavian langu ...
(456 m)
* Friedrichsberg (473.1 m),
near
Abtswind
Abtswind is a municipality in the district of Kitzingen in Bavaria in Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and ...
; with transmission tower
* Herrschaftsberg (463 m);
with
Schloss Frankenberg
* Bergholz (442.8 m),
near Ulsenheim (
Markt Nordheim
Markt Nordheim is a municipality in the district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Franconia in Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country ...
)
* Schlossberg, Markt Einersheim (420 m);
with
Speckfeld Castle ruins
* Schlossberg Roman camp (396.6 m);
with site of
Oberschloss
* Wildberg (393.1 m),
near Wildberghof (
Markt Nordheim
Markt Nordheim is a municipality in the district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Franconia in Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country ...
); with site of
Wildberg Castle
Rivers
Due to the steep slopes on its western side, most of the larger rivers rising in the Steigerwald flow in an easterly or southeasterly direction. They do not usually flow directly into the River Main in the northeast, but empty either into the Regnitz in the east or its tributary, the
Aisch
The Aisch is an 83 km long tributary of the Regnitz in Middle- and Upper Franconia, in the state of Bavaria in southern Germany. It passes through Bad Windsheim, Neustadt an der Aisch and Höchstadt
Höchstadt an der Aisch, commonly known ...
, which flanks the Steigerwald in the southeast and forms a natural dividing line with the heights of the Franconian Heights.
These
river
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of wate ...
s and streams rise in the Steigerwald and flow in an easterly direction (arranged north to south):
*
Aurach (into the Regnitz)
*
Rauhe Ebrach
Rauhe Ebrach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Regnitz near Pettstadt.
See also
*List of rivers of Bavaria
A list of rivers of Bavaria, Germany:
A
* Aalbach
* Abens
* Ach
* Afferbach
*Affinger Bach
*Ailsbach
* Aisch
* Aiterach ...
(into the Regnitz)
*
Mittelebrach (into the Rauhen Ebrach)
*
Reiche Ebrach
Reiche Ebrach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Regnitz near Hirschaid.
See also
*List of rivers of Bavaria
A list of rivers of Bavaria, Germany:
A
* Aalbach
* Abens
* Ach
* Afferbach
*Affinger Bach
*Ailsbach
* Aisch
* Aiterac ...
(into the Regnitz)
*
Kleine Weisach (into the Aisch)
* Weisach (into the Aisch)
* Steinach (into the Aisch)
* Laimbach (into the Ehebach)
** Scheine (left-hand headstream)
** Bibart (right-hand headstream)
*
Ehebach (into the Aisch)
Transport
The main transport arteries passing by the Steigerwald are the
A 70 in the north, the
A 7 in the west, and the
A 73 in the east. Crossing the hills and nature park is the
A 3, the main road link between
Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , "Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its na ...
, Wurzburg, and Nuremberg, and the federal roads of the
B 22,
B 286, and
B 8.
A tourist route, the Steigerwald High Road (''Steigerwald-Höhenstraße''), crosses the Steigerwald in a north–south direction.
Viticulture
Wine connoisseurs know the Steigerwald from its
Franconian wine
Franconia (German: ''Franken'') is a region for quality wine in Germany situated in the north west of Bavaria in the district of Franconia, and is the only wine region in the federal state of Bavaria. In 2014, vines were grown on of land in th ...
s, which are grown in the west of the region. Well-known names include
Abtswind
Abtswind is a municipality in the district of Kitzingen in Bavaria in Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and ...
er Altenberg,
Casteller
A ''castell'' () is a human tower built traditionally at festivals in Catalonia, the Balearic islands and the Valencian Community.
At these festivals, several ''colles castelleres'' (teams that build towers) attempt to build and dismantle a t ...
Bausch,
Handthaler Stollberg,
Ippesheim
Ippesheim is a municipality in the district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Bavaria in Germany. Personalities
* Vitus Müller (1561-1626), Protestant theologian and philologist, professor at the University of Tübingen
The University o ...
er Herrschaftsberg, Bullenheimer Paradies, Wiesenbronner Wachhügel, and
Ziegelangerer Ölschnabel.
Nature conservation
Nature park and nature reserves
![Ebracher Forst Naturwaldreservat Brunnstube 002](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ebracher_Forst_Naturwaldreservat_Brunnstube_002.JPG)
Large parts of the Steigerwald have been designated since 1988 as the
Steigerwald Nature Park
On 8 March 1988 the Bavarian State Ministry for State Development and the Environment designated an area of in the Steigerwald in North Bavaria, Germany, as the Steigerwald Nature Park (german: Naturpark Steigerwald). About half the area consist ...
. Around half the nature park area is covered by
protected landscape
Protection is any measure taken to guard a thing against damage caused by outside forces. Protection can be provided to physical objects, including organisms, to systems, and to intangible things like civil and political rights. Although th ...
s. On a smaller scale, several
nature reserves
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or o ...
are designated.
In addition are the
protected habitats of 6029-371 ''Buchenwälder und Wiesentäler des Nordsteigerwalds'' und 6327-371 ''Vorderer Steigerwald mit Schwanberg'' as well as the European
Special Protection Area
A Special Protection Area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and cert ...
s 6029-471 ''Oberer Steigerwald'' und 6327-471 ''Südlicher Steigerwald''.
National park and world heritage discussions
Within the various counties whose territories include the Steigerwald, discussions have taken place about taking parts of the forest out of use and classifying them as protected areas. Since 2008, controversy has existed over whether certain areas should become a
national park
A national park is a nature park, natural park in use for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state dec ...
or not. Proponents see this contributing to conservation and increasing tourism. Opponents fear that the designated areas would no longer be used for forestry. Since 15 January 2015, the Steigerwald clearly can no longer be a
UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
because the UNESCO nomination process has finished. At a meeting in the Bavarian Parliament with Prime Minister Horst Seehofer, the Bavarian Environment Minister Ulrike Scharf, Forestry Minister Helmut Brunner, and the three county councillors of the Schweinfurt (Florian Töpper), Haßberge (Wilhelm Schneider), and Bamberg (Johann Kalb), this was not yet known. The result then was that a working group of representatives of the two ministries and the three county councils would establish the foundations for an application for World Heritage status by the end of January 2015.
According to Töpper, a prerequisite was unity between the parties that no national park should be in the Steigerwald. Seehofer was to ensure that, by the end of January 2014, a measure adopted by the Bamberg council for a controversial, 775-hectare forest reserve in the
Ebrach Forest
Ebrach is a municipality with market rights in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and the seat of the ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (municipal association) of Ebrach.
Geography
Ebrach lies between Bamberg in the east and Würzburg in the west ...
was withdrawn.
Authority for the disputed protected area was withdrawn in September 2015 because it was determined to be illegal.
This 'illegality' was confirmed by the government of Upper Franconia. As a result, on 1 September 2015, the regulation was lifted. According to the legal view of the Government of Upper Franconia, the "regulation by the Bamberg Council for the protected landscape of 'the high beech woods in the Ebrach Forest' dated 16 April 2014 was illegal because the regulation was not covered by the enabling provision of § 29 BNatSchG." The Upper Franconian government also recorded, " the High Beech Wood is not a suitable object of protection for a protected landscape area". It is, according to the government "not an object that stands out from the landscape, as the law requires it to be. Therefore, the regulation is to be rescinded for legal reasons and also in the interests of legal clarity and legal certainly."
References
[Height based on unknown or unverified source]
External links
Tourist-Information Steigerwald
{{Authority control
Regions of Bavaria
Forests and woodlands of Bavaria
Bamberg (district)
Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim
Erlangen-Höchstadt
Haßberge (district)
Kitzingen (district)
Schweinfurt (district)
Natural regions of the South German Scarplands
Franconia