Stanhopeinae is a subtribe of plants in the tribe
Cymbidieae.
The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than
Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al. in 2000 confirmed ...
. Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of Coeliopsidinae which include ''
Coeliopsis
''Coeliopsis'' is a genus of orchids. The sole species is ''Coeliopsis hyacinthosma'', native to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador.
References
External links
Coeliopsidinae genera
Monotypic Epidendroideae genera
Orchids of ...
'', ''
Lycomormium'', and ''
Peristeria''. Stanhopeinae and
Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al. in 2000 confirmed ...
are now considered closely related sister subtribes.
Within Stanhopeinae the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morphological traits and molecular analysis.
*''Braemia'' Clade: ''
Braemia''
*''Gongora'' Clade: ''
Cirrhaea
''Cirrhaea'' is a genus of orchids, comprising 7 recognized species, all endemic to Brazil.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
List of species
# '' Cirrhaea dependens'' (Lod ...
'' & ''
Gongora''
*''Acineta'' Clade: ''
Acineta
''Acineta'', abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' (immobile), referring to the rigid labellum (lip).
These epiphytic orch ...
'', ''
Lacaena'', ''
Lueddemannia
''Lueddemannia'' is a genus of orchids found from Venezuela to Peru. Three species are currently recognized as of June 2014:
*''Lueddemannia dalessandroi'' (Dodson) G.Gerlach & M.H.Weber - Ecuador
*''Lueddemannia pescatorei'' (Lindl.) Linden & R ...
'' & ''
Vasqueziella
''Vasqueziella'' is a genus of orchids. Only one species is known, ''Vasqueziella boliviana'', native to Peru and Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yel ...
''
*''Polycycnis'' Clade: ''
Kegeliella'', ''
Polycycnis'' & ''
Soterosanthus''
*''Stanhopea'' Clade: ''
Coryanthes
''Coryanthes'', commonly known as bucket orchids, is a genus of neotropical epiphytic orchids (family Orchidaceae). This genus is abbreviated as Crths in horticultural trade. They are native to South America, Central America, Mexico and Trinida ...
'', ''
Embreea
''Embreea'' is a genus of orchids native to Colombia and Ecuador. The genus ''Embreea'' is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade. There at present (June 2014) two recognized species:
*'' Embreea herrenhusana'' (Jenny) Jenny (2002) - Ecuador ...
'', ''
Stanhopea
''Stanhopea'' is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is ''Stan.'' The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope (Philip Henry Stanhope) (1781-1855), president ...
'' & ''
Sievekingia''
*''Houlletia'' Clade: ''
Horichia'', ''
Houlletia
''Houlletia'' is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of ''Houlletia brocklehurstiana'' in 1841. The gen ...
'', ''
Jennyella
''Jennyella'' is a genus of orchids. The description was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in '' Houlletia''. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchids ...
'', ''
Paphinia
''Paphinia'', abbreviated in horticultural trade Pna, is a genus of orchids, composed of an estimated 16 species from Central America, northern South America and Trinidad. These species are medium-sized epiphytes with small ovoid pseudobulbs and ...
'', ''
Schlimia
''Schlimia'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Costa Rica and to northern South America.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchid ...
'' & ''
Trevoria
''Trevoria'' is a genus of orchids native to southeastern Central America and northwestern South America. It grows in intermediate temperature and is found from Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Bolivia.
''Trevoria'' was described by FC Lehmann in 1 ...
''
The genus ''
Archivea
''Archivea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragran ...
'' is only known by a watercolor painting by T. Duncanson in the herbarium archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. No pressed specimens or living material is known, so it can not be grouped into a specific clade.
All species in this subtribe are exclusively pollinated by male
euglossine
The tribe (biology), tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or euglossine bees, are the only group of Pollen basket, corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess Eusociality, eusocial behavior. ...
bees, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. One orchid species may attract only one or a few species of bees from dozens of species in the habitat.
[Williams & Whitten 1983]
Genera
*''
Acineta
''Acineta'', abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' (immobile), referring to the rigid labellum (lip).
These epiphytic orch ...
''
*''
Braemia''
*''
Cirrhaea
''Cirrhaea'' is a genus of orchids, comprising 7 recognized species, all endemic to Brazil.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
List of species
# '' Cirrhaea dependens'' (Lod ...
''
*''
Coryanthes
''Coryanthes'', commonly known as bucket orchids, is a genus of neotropical epiphytic orchids (family Orchidaceae). This genus is abbreviated as Crths in horticultural trade. They are native to South America, Central America, Mexico and Trinida ...
''
*''
Embreea
''Embreea'' is a genus of orchids native to Colombia and Ecuador. The genus ''Embreea'' is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade. There at present (June 2014) two recognized species:
*'' Embreea herrenhusana'' (Jenny) Jenny (2002) - Ecuador ...
''
*''
Gongora''
*''
Horichia''
*''
Houlletia
''Houlletia'' is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of ''Houlletia brocklehurstiana'' in 1841. The gen ...
''
*''
Kegeliella''
*''
Lacaena''
*''
Lueckelia''
*''
Lueddemannia
''Lueddemannia'' is a genus of orchids found from Venezuela to Peru. Three species are currently recognized as of June 2014:
*''Lueddemannia dalessandroi'' (Dodson) G.Gerlach & M.H.Weber - Ecuador
*''Lueddemannia pescatorei'' (Lindl.) Linden & R ...
''
*''
Paphinia
''Paphinia'', abbreviated in horticultural trade Pna, is a genus of orchids, composed of an estimated 16 species from Central America, northern South America and Trinidad. These species are medium-sized epiphytes with small ovoid pseudobulbs and ...
''
*''
Polycycnis''
*''
Schlimia
''Schlimia'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Costa Rica and to northern South America.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchid ...
''
*''
Sievekingia''
*''
Soterosanthus''
*''
Stanhopea
''Stanhopea'' is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is ''Stan.'' The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope (Philip Henry Stanhope) (1781-1855), president ...
''
*''
Trevoria
''Trevoria'' is a genus of orchids native to southeastern Central America and northwestern South America. It grows in intermediate temperature and is found from Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Bolivia.
''Trevoria'' was described by FC Lehmann in 1 ...
''
*''
Vasqueziella
''Vasqueziella'' is a genus of orchids. Only one species is known, ''Vasqueziella boliviana'', native to Peru and Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yel ...
''
In synonymy:
*''
Archivea
''Archivea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragran ...
''
*''Endresiella'': see ''Trevoria''
*''
Jennyella
''Jennyella'' is a genus of orchids. The description was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in '' Houlletia''. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchids ...
''
*''Stanhopeastrum'': see ''Stanhopea''
References
Further reading
* (1983): Orchid floral fragrances and male euglossine bees: methods and advances in the last sesquidecade. ''Biol. Bull.'' 164: 355-395.
*Gerlach, G. (2003) "The subtribe Stanhopeinae: biology and systematics" - Proceedings of the European Orchid Conference and Show (ed. J. Hermans and P. J. Cribb), pp. 135–142. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.
* W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Mark W. Chase ''Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence'', ''
American Journal of Botany
The ''American Journal of Botany'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of plant biology. It has been published by the Botanical Society of America since 1914. The journal has an impact factor of 3.038, as of 201 ...
''. 2000;87:1842-1856
External links
Botanical Garden Munich: One of the most extensive photo collections of Stanhopeinae
The Stanhopea Pages website
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3656634
Orchid subtribes