The Stadsgewestelijk Materieel or SGM (''English'' - Suburban Equipment or City Regional rolling stock) was an electric multiple unit (EMU)

train In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and transport people or freight. Trains are typically pulled or pushed by locomotives (often ...

type that was operated by the

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

railway company

Nederlandse Spoorwegen Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS; ; en, "Dutch Railways") is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938. The Dutch rail network is one of the busiest in the European Union, and t ...

. They were built from 1975 to 1983 by

Talbot Talbot was an automobile marque introduced in 1902 by English-French company Clément-Talbot. The founders, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard, reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot ...

and retired from service between 2018 and 2021.

Names

* Stadsgewestelijk Materieel (SGM) * Sprinter * Plan Y * Mat '74/Materieel 1974

General information

The SGM was the first train type in the Netherlands to be specified for frequent

local train Regional rail, also known as local trains and stopping trains, are passenger rail services that operate between towns and cities. These trains operate with more stops over shorter distances than inter-city rail, but fewer stops and faster servi ...

operation, since the Spoorslag '70 timetable introduced the concept of a strict separation of all-stop local trains and skip-stop express trains in order to improve punctuality and speed as well as to attract more passengers to rail. The SGM trains had fast acceleration as distances between stations were short, so they needed to be able to speed up and brake quickly. The original idea was for them to be able to operate

through service A through service is a concept of passenger transport that involves a vehicle travelling between lines, networks or operators on a regularly specified schedule, on which the passenger can remain on board without alighting. It may be in form of eithe ...

s on the

Amsterdam Metro The Amsterdam Metro ( nl, Amsterdamse metro) is a rapid transit system serving Amsterdam, Netherlands, and extending to the surrounding municipalities of Diemen and Ouder-Amstel. Until 2019 it also served the municipality of Amstelveen but thi ...

network, so

third rail A third rail, also known as a live rail, electric rail or conductor rail, is a method of providing electric power to a railway locomotive or train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway ...

would be needed as well as overhead pick-up, however in 1969 this idea was dropped. NS also did consider importing the

Paris RER Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

MS 61 The MS 61 (French: ''Matériel Suburbain de 1961'', English: ''Suburban rolling stock of 1961'') was an electric multiple unit trainset that was operated on line A and line B of the Réseau Express Régional (RER), a hybrid suburban commut ...

train model from France, which was cheaper (per 3-car MS-61 unit as compared to a 2-car SGM unit) than developing the SGM from scratch, however, it was for various reasons deemed unsuitable for the Dutch rail network. The two-car SGM units could accelerate from in 72 seconds. Each coach has 3 doors on each side, to allow for quick loading and unloading.

First generation (SGM-0)

The first batch of 15 were delivered between March and November 1975 and were numbered 2001 - 2015. These were delivered at the same time as the last batches of Plan V stock. These are 2 car units. These were to be used on the

Zoetermeer Stadslijn Zoetermeer Stadslijn is a light-rail line converted from a former commuter rail line in the Netherlands, between The Hague and Zoetermeer. History Originally, the line was managed by the Dutch Railways (NS). Since June 2006, it has served as a l ...

and so did not feature first class, a toilet or a gangway between each coach. 2014 and 2015 were built with different electric traction, but their trial was unsuccessful and so the units were stored for many years, until 2000 when they were fitted with

Insulated-gate bipolar transistor An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as an electronic switch, which, as it was developed, came to combine high efficiency and fast switching. It consists of four alternating lay ...

Second generation (SGM-1)

A total of 60 were ordered in 1977 and started being delivered in September 1978 and finished in 1980. These were numbered 2021 - 2080. These were all delivered as 2 car units. These featured a toilet and a gangway. In 1983 2036 - 2080 were strengthened up to three-car units, with the middle coach featuring a first class section. These were renumbered 2836 - 2880 at the same time.

Third generation (SGM-2)

These were delivered in 1983 directly as three-car units. They were numbered 2881 - 2895. When these were delivered there were 30 two-car units and 60 three-car units.

Schemes

Spitspendel

2027 and 2029 were converted to Spitspendels in 1994. These were used between

Rotterdam Centraal Rotterdam Centraal railway station () is the main railway station of the city Rotterdam in South Holland, Netherlands. The station received an average of 112,000 passengers daily in 2019. The current station building, located at Station Square, ...

and

Vlaardingen Vlaardingen () is a city in South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located on the north bank of the Nieuwe Maas river at the confluence with the Oude Maas. The municipality administers an area of , of which is land, with residents in . Geog ...

during the rush hours. During their rebuilding, it was attempted to make the entry and exit faster and to increase the capacity in the train. Many seats were changed to tip up seats and the first class was removed. 2027 also was given an all over advert for the ''

Algemeen Dagblad The ''Algemeen Dagblad'' () or ''AD'' () (English: "General Daily Paper") is a Dutch daily newspaper based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. History and profile ''Algemeen Dagblad'' was founded in 1946. The paper is published in tabloid format and ...

'' newspaper.

Strandsprinter

Because in the 1990s the Intercity from Zandvoort aan Zee to

Maastricht Maastricht ( , , ; li, Mestreech ; french: Maestricht ; es, Mastrique ) is a city and a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands. It is the capital and largest city of the province of Limburg. Maastricht is located on both sides of the ...

and

Heerlen Heerlen (; li, Heële ) is a city and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the third largest settlement proper in the province of Limburg. Measured as municipality, it is the fourth municipality in the province of Limburg ...

were too long for the platforms in

Overveen Overveen is a village in North Holland in the Netherlands, in the municipality of Bloemendaal. Overveen lies on the eastern fringe of the North Sea dunes. To the east it borders the built-up areas of Haarlem. A few kilometres to the west of the ...

and Zandvoort, this service was cut back to Haarlem in late 1995. Two sprinters SGM-II (2026 and 2028) were then dedicated to the service between Haarlem and Zandvoort. These were given branding saying «Strandsprinter» and beach balls along the outside.

Citypendel

In 1997 all the two-car units (2001–2015, 2021–2035) were named Stadspendels and operated on the

and the

Hofpleinlijn The Hofpleinlijn ''(Spoorlijn Rotterdam Hofplein - Scheveningen)'' was one of the two railways between the Dutch cities of The Hague and Rotterdam. In 2006 it was converted to metro-like operation as RandstadRail line E. History The Zuid-Hollan ...

. The name was soon changed to Citypendel. More seats and the entire first class were removed to create more standing room, giving a more metro-like appearance, and so these trains gained the nickname ''standing trains''. The livery was changed to fully yellow, including the doors, and without adverts. The trains are made for one man operation and for this had mirrors fitted, so the driver could see the platform. Some sets also featured CCTV cameras.

Nachtsprinter

Between November 1994 and April 1995 unit 2008 was converted specially for operation of a night service on the Zoetermeer Stadslijn. The service was not a success, largely due to the lack of a toilet on board.

The modernisations of the sprinter (SGMm)

From the summer of 2003 until late 2006, all the three-car Sprinters (2836–2895) were modernised by Bombardier in

Randers Randers () is a city in Randers Municipality, Central Denmark Region on the Jutland peninsula. It is Denmark's sixth-largest city, with a population of 62,802 (as of 1 January 2022). Spoorwegongeval_bij_Schiedam_(1976)

* On 4 May 1976 sets 2001 and 2008 were involved in a collision with NS 1311, at the time hauling a D-train to

Hook of Holland Hook of Holland ( nl, Hoek van Holland, ) is a town in the southwestern corner of Holland, hence the name; ''hoek'' means "corner" and was the word in use before the word ''kaap'' – "cape", from Portuguese ''cabo'' – became Dutch. The English t ...

in Schiedam,

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"Ne ...

. Twenty-four people died and a new coach had to be built for 2008 by Talbot for 1.5 million Euros. * On 15 September 1980 the

swing bridge A swing bridge (or swing span bridge) is a movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which the swing span (turning span) can then pi ...

was not fully shut when 2049 crossed the bridge at a low speed. The train derailed and fell off the bridge, but did not land in the water. The set was out of use for 1 year. * On 27 December 1980 2057 crashed into a works train for the Schiphollijn in

Warmond Warmond () is a village and former municipality in the Western Netherlands, north of Leiden in the province of South Holland. The municipality covered an area of 14.42 km² (5.57 mile², 30.7%) of which 4.42 km² (1.71 mile²) is water; ...

. The train suffered accident damage. * On 13 December 2003 2869 did not stop in time at the terminus station of and continued into a shop in the station hall. * On 15 December 2007 an empty unit continued through a buffer and derailed at . * On 21 May 2009 2 people died in

Teuge Teuge is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland, between Apeldoorn and Deventer. It is part of the municipality of Voorst. Its population is around 800 people and it is best known for being the location of Teuge International Airport. The ...

(between

Apeldoorn Apeldoorn (; Dutch Low Saxon: ) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. It is located about 60 km east of Utrecht, 60 km west of Enschede, 25 km north of Arnhem and 35 km south of Zwolle. Th ...

and Deventer) by an unmonitored

level crossing A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road, path, or (in rare situations) airport runway, at the same level, as opposed to the railway line crossing over or under using an overpass or tunnel. The term a ...

. The unit is not in operation at present. *On 14 December 2016, a Sprinter was evacuated at due to a fire in a toilet. Arson is suspected.

Changes for Citypendels

When the

and

were converted to

RandstadRail RandstadRail () is a light rail network in the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area in the west of the Netherlands that is jointly operated by HTM Personenvervoer (HTM) and Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram (RET). It connects the cities of Rotte ...

in 2006, Citypendels were no longer used here. They were used on peak hour services until refurbishment. Now they are used together with the three-car sprinter sets.

Current numbering

* Plan Y1 - 2111 - 2125 * Plan Y2 - 2131 - 2145 * Plan Y2 - 2936 - 2980 * Plan Y3 - 2981 - 2995

Services operated

The SGM's were regularly used on these services in the timetable of 2021. The trains were planned to be taken out of service in 2020, but multiple factors, such as the delayed delivery of the

Sprinter New Generation Sprinter New Generation or SNG: The Sprinter New Generation (abbreviated SNG) is an electrically driven type of trainset of the Dutch Railways or Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The trains are designed and built by the Spanish train builder Construcci ...

, caused the extension of the service. The last SGM's have been taken out the schedule on 11 December 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic regulations, a farewell ride couldn't be organised, but the last train is still visible in the

Dutch Railway Museum The Railway Museum ( nl, Het Spoorwegmuseum) in Utrecht is the Dutch national railway museum. It was established in 1927 and since 1954 has been housed in the former Maliebaan station. History The museum was established in 1927 and was initiall ...

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ns Stadsgewestelijk Materieel Electric multiple units of the Netherlands Waggonfabrik Talbot Computer-related introductions in 1975 1500 V DC multiple units of the Netherlands