Sri Lankan honours system

In the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, individuals are recognized for personal bravery, achievement, or service with the with national honours. The national honours consists of several types of award:

* National Honours are civil honours awarded for service to the nation, bravery, scientific achievement, achievements in arts, culture and drama.
*Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;
** Military decorations
*Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.
** Military medals
** Police medals

Awards are made by the President of Sri Lanka on behalf the Government of Sri Lanka, with the Presidential Secretariat being responsible for the administration of the honours.

History

Sinhalese monarchs rewarded their loyal subjects with titles and tokens of honor, with the last native kingdom, the Kingdom of Kandy having an established system of honors that had been in practice since time immemorial. The British established their own system of honors for the island, incorporating indigenous titles and Imperial honors by the late ninteeth century. Until 1972, the British honours system was in place in Ceylon along with several indigenous titles, however, since 1956 no nominations were made for these honours and were automatically discontinued after Sri Lanka became a republic.

The modern national honours of Sri Lanka was constituted in 1986 when the ''National Honours Act of 1986'' established a uniquely indigenous honours system of titles, decorations and medals which are awarded to recognise achievements of, or service by, Sri Lankans or others in connection with Sri Lanka. Several awards are titular.

Civil Honour

These include the following in the order of their ranking, which are used as titles;

For service to the nation

Sri Lankabhimanya

The Sri Lankabhimanya is conferred to " those who have rendered exceptionally outstanding and most distinguished service to the nation". The honour can only be held by five Sri Lankans contemporaneously, and also can be conferred posthumously.

Deshamanya

The Deshamanya (Pride of the Nation) is the second highest Sri Lankan national honour (after the Sri Lankabhimanya) awarded by the Government of Sri Lanka "for highly meritorious service".

Deshabandu

The Deshabandu is the third-highest Sri Lankan national honour. It is awarded "for meritorious service".

Sri Lanka Sikhamani

The Sri Lanka Sikhamani (Sri Lanka's precious gem) is a national honour "for service to the nation".

Sri Lanka Thilaka

The Sri Lanka Thilaka is a non titular national honour "for service to the nation".

For bravery

Veera Chudamani

The Veera Chudamani is a National Honour awarded " for acts of bravery of the highest order". Veera Chudamani ranks lower than Deshabandu.

Veera Prathapa

The Veera Prathapa is a non-titular national honour awarded " for acts of bravery of the highest order". Veera Prathapa ranks lower than Sri Lanka Thilaka.

For scientific achievement

Vidya Jyothi

The Vidya Jyothi is a national honour awarded " for outstanding scientific and technological achievements". It is the highest national honour for science in Sri Lanka for outstanding contribution to the development of the country through dedicated work in the chosen field. It is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the awardee's name. Vidya Jyothi ranks lower than Veera Chudamani.

Vidya Nidhi

The Vidya Nidhi is a national honour awarded " for meritorious scientific and technological achievements". Vidya Nidhi ranks lower than Sri Lanka Sikhamani.

For achievements in arts, culture and drama

Kala Keerthi

The Kala Keerthi is a national honour awarded " for extraordinary achievements and contributions in arts, culture and drama". It is the highest National Honour for arts, culture and drama in Sri Lanka. It is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the awardee's name. Kala Keerthi ranks lower than Vidya Jyothi

Kala Suri

The Kala Suri is a national honour awarded " for special contributions to the development of the arts". Kala Suri ranks lower than Vidya Nidhi.

For non-nationals

Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana

The Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana is the highest Sri Lankan honour for non-citizens, reserved for heads of state and heads of government with which Sri Lanka has friendly relations “in appreciation of their friendship towards and solidarity with the people of Sri Lanka”.

Sri Lanka Rathna

The Sri Lanka Rathna is a Sri Lankan honour, for foreigners or non-nationals, awarded " for exceptional and outstanding service to the nation". It comprises a citation and a gold medal studded with nine "navaratnas" (Sri Lankan gems) with a Manel symbol (the country's national flower).

Sri Lanka Ranjana

The Sri Lanka Ranjana is a Sri Lankan honour, for foreigners or non-nationals, awarded " for distinguished service of highly meritorious nature".

Sri Lanka Ramya

The Sri Lanka Ramya is a Sri Lankan honour, for foreigners or non-nationals, awarded "for distinguished service".

Order of precedence

* Sri Lankabhimanya
* Deshamanya
* Deshabandu
* Veera Chudamani
* Vidya Jyothi
* Kala Keerthi
* Sri Lanka Sikhamani
* Vidya Nidhi
* Kala Suri
* Sri Lanka Thilaka
* Veera Prathapa
* Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana
* Sri Lanka Rathna
* Sri Lanka Ranjana
* Sri Lanka Ramya

Non honours

* In the past, Justice of the Peace appointments were made as honours by the Minister of Justice. This entitle the holder to place post nominals JP after his or her name.

* Religious and civil institutions in Sri Lanka commonly award various titles, however these are not recognised by the government and legislation is being drafted to stop such awards.

See also

* Military awards and decorations of Sri Lanka
* Awards and decorations of the Sri Lanka Police

References

{{Decorations by country

Sri Lanka and the Commonwealth of Nations