Sophia of Minsk or Sophia of
Polotsk
Polotsk (russian: По́лоцк; be, По́лацк, translit=Polatsk (BGN/PCGN), Polack (official transliteration); lt, Polockas; pl, Połock) is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina River. It is the center of the Polotsk Dist ...
(died 5 May 1198) was a Danish
queen consort by marriage to King
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar I (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as Valdemar the Great ( da, Valdemar den Store), was King of Denmark from 1154 until his death in 1182. The reign of King Valdemar I saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its medieval zen ...
, and a
landgravine
Landgrave (german: Landgraf, nl, landgraaf, sv, lantgreve, french: landgrave; la, comes magnus, ', ', ', ', ') was a noble title used in the Holy Roman Empire, and later on in its former territories. The German titles of ', ' ("margrave"), ...
of
Thuringia
Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million.
Erfurt is the capital and lar ...
by marriage to
Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia
Louis III, nicknamed ''Louis the Pious'' or ''Louis the Mild'' (1151/52 – 16 October 1190) was a member of the Ludowingians dynasty who ruled as Landgrave of Thuringia from 1172 until his death.
Life
He was the eldest son of Landgrave Louis ...
.
Life
Origin
Sophia was the daughter of
Richeza of Poland, Dowager Queen of Sweden, from her second marriage to a man called "Valador" King in Poloni Land. The identity of her father is uncertain, it was either
Volodar of Minsk or , Prince of
Novgorod and son of
Vsevolod of Pskov
Vsevolod Mstislavich Monomakh (russian: Всеволод Мстиславич), the patron saint of the city of Pskov, ruled as Prince of Novgorod in 1117–32, Prince of Pereslavl (1132) and Prince of Pskov in 1137–38.
Early life
The elde ...
. Both of them are the
Rurikids. The latter version would mean
Valdemar was married to his first cousin once removed, as Sophia's possible father Volodar was nephew of Valdemar's mother
Ingeborg of Kiev
Ingeborg Mstislavna of Kiev ( fl. 1137) was a Ruthenian princess, married to the Danish prince Canute Lavard of Jutland.
She was the daughter of Grand Prince Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden and was in about 1116 married to ...
.
Childhood
Sophia spent a part of her childhood in Denmark, where her mother had been married to a Danish prince in her first marriage, and returned with her daughter when her second marriage was terminated. Sophia was the half sister of
Canute V of Denmark
Canute V Magnussen ( da, Knud V Magnussen) ( – 9 August 1157) was a King of Denmark from 1146 to 1157, as co-regent in shifting alliances with Sweyn III and Valdemar I. Canute was killed at the so-called ''Bloodfeast of Roskilde'' in 1157. Not ...
, the son of her mother by her first marriage: after her half brother became king of Denmark in 1146, her mother returned to Denmark with her daughter Sophia, who thus spent part of her childhood in Denmark at the court of her half brother the king.
In circa 1149, her mother married
Sverker I of Sweden
Sverker I or Sverker the Elder (Old Swedish: ''Swærkir konongær gambli''), murdered 25 December 1156, was King of Sweden from about 1132 till his death. Of non-royal descent, he founded the House of Sverker, the rulers of which alternated with ...
, in her third marriage. She took her daughter with her to Sweden, where Sophia subsequently spent the rest of her childhood at the Swedish royal court.
Queen
In 1154, at the age of circa fourteen, Sophia was betrothed to Valdemar as a symbol of alliance between Sweden and Denmark: she was at this time described as a pretty girl with promise of becoming a beauty.
In the marriage contract, she was secured an eighth of her half brother King Canute V's estates in Denmark.
120px, upleft, 1157 _commemorating_the_wedding_of_Valdemar_I_of_Denmark">Valdemar_and_Sophia_of_Minsk.html" ;"title="Valdemar_I_of_Denmark.html" ;"title="bracteate commemorating the wedding of
Valdemar_and_Sophia_of_Minsk">Valdemar_I_of_Denmark.html"_;"title="bracteate_commemorating_the_wedding_of_Valdemar_I_of_Denmark">Valdemar_and_Sophia_of_Minsk
Sophia_departed_Sweden_for_Denmark_after_the_conclusion_of_the_engagement_in_1154,_but_as_she_was_not_yet_regarded_old_enough_to_marry_by_Nordic_standards,_she_was_sent_to_reside_with_a_foster_mother_named_Bodil_until_she_was_old_enough_to_live_with_Valdemar.
The_wedding_between_Sophia_and_Valdemar_was_conducted_in_Viborg,_Denmark.html" ;"title="Valdemar I of Denmark">Valdemar and Sophia of Minsk">Valdemar_I_of_Denmark.html" ;"title="bracteate commemorating the wedding of Valdemar I of Denmark">Valdemar and Sophia of Minsk
Sophia departed Sweden for Denmark after the conclusion of the engagement in 1154, but as she was not yet regarded old enough to marry by Nordic standards, she was sent to reside with a foster mother named Bodil until she was old enough to live with Valdemar.
The wedding between Sophia and Valdemar was conducted in Viborg, Denmark">Viborg in 1157, three years later.
Queen Sophia was described as beautiful, dominant and cruel. According to traditional myth, she murdered Valdemar's mistress Tove and injured his sister Kirsten, but this is not confirmed.
[Smith-Dampier, Eleanor. ]
Danish Ballads
', pp. 15-24 (Cambridge U. Press 1920).
She was widowed in 1182.
Later life
As queen dowager, Sophia received a proposal from, and married,
Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia
Louis III, nicknamed ''Louis the Pious'' or ''Louis the Mild'' (1151/52 – 16 October 1190) was a member of the Ludowingians dynasty who ruled as Landgrave of Thuringia from 1172 until his death.
Life
He was the eldest son of Landgrave Louis ...
in about 1184, and was escorted to the border by her son and a grand entourage.
She was repudiated in 1190, and returned to Denmark.
Issue
Sophia had the following children with
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar I (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as Valdemar the Great ( da, Valdemar den Store), was King of Denmark from 1154 until his death in 1182. The reign of King Valdemar I saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its medieval zen ...
:
* Sophia (1159–1208), married Siegfried III, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde
* King Canute VI of Denmark (1163–1202)
* Maria (born c. 1165), nun at Roskilde (1188)
* Margaret (born c. 1167), nun at Roskilde (1188)
* King Valdemar II of Denmark (1170–1241)
*
Ingeborg (1175–1236), married King
Philip II of France
Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (french: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French m ...
*
Helena (c.1177–1233), married
William of Lüneburg
*
Richeza of Denmark
Richeza of Denmark (Swedish: ''Rikissa Valdemarsdotter''; c. 1180–8 May 1220) was Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Eric X, and the mother of King Eric XI.
Early life
Richeza was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sophia of Minsk. S ...
(c. 1180–1220), married King
Eric X of Sweden
Eric "X" (Swedish: ''Erik Knutsson''; Old Norse: ''Eiríkr Knútsson''; – 10 April 1216) was the King of Sweden between 1208 and 1216. Also known as ''Eric the Survivor'' (Swedish: "Erik som överlevde"), he was, at his accession to the thro ...
References
*
Dansk biografisk Lexikon / XVI. Bind. Skarpenberg - Sveistrup
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sofia Of Minsk
1140s births
1198 deaths
Rurik dynasty
Danish royal consorts
Burials at St. Bendt's Church, Ringsted
People from Polotsk
Landgravines of Thuringia
12th-century Danish people
12th-century Danish women
12th-century Rus' people
12th-century Rus' women
Belarusian people of Danish descent
Russian people of Danish descent
Polish people of Danish descent
Remarried royal consorts
Queen mothers