Solomon Sirilio

Solomon Sirilio ( he, סיריליאו also שלמה סריליו) (1485–1554), the son of Joseph Sirilio, was a rabbi and author of one of the first commentaries made on the Jerusalem Talmud (''Seder Zeraim'').

Background

Solomon Sirilio was a child during the expulsion of Jews from Spain, and wandered with his parents until they eventually reached Salonika, in Greece, where they settled.''Encyclopedia of Great Men in Israel'' (vol. 4), Mordechai Margalioth, Jerusalem 1950, pp. 1305–1306 (Hebrew) He studied Jewish legal law and ethics in the city’s chief seats of learning, until, at length, he began to instruct others in the laws of his countrymen, the Mosaic law, both, in his city and in Adrianople. In 1532, he immigrated to Ottoman Galilee where he settled in Safed. In Safed, he held a discussion with Rabbi Jacob Berab over a decision concerning meat. Because of a dispute between himself and Rabbi Jacob Berab, Sirilio left Safed and moved to Jerusalem. There he disseminated Torah amongst his protégés who came to learn in the college, and, there, raised-up many disciples. His acclaim and renown came on account of a commentary that he wrote on the ''Jerusalem Talmud'', covering the Order known as ''Zeraim'' and the treatise ''Sheḳalim''. His commentary was one of the first to be made on the ''Jerusalem Talmud'', although it remained in manuscript form until 1875, when it was first printed in Mayence by Meir Lehmann. As late as 1950, only three Talmudic tractates with Sirilio's commentary had been published: ''Berakhot'' (Mainz, 1875); ''Terumot'' (Jerusalem, 1934); ''Shevi'it'' (Jerusalem, 1935), although handwritten copies were made from the original manuscript, as shown by David Solomon Sassoon.David Solomon Sassoon, ''Ohel Dawid - Descriptive Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the Sassoon Library, London'', vol. 2, Oxford University Press:London 1932, p. 671.

Rabbi Sirilio, in his introduction to tractate ''Berakhot'', writes that he was inspired to write a commentary on ''Seder Zeraim'' after seeing an old commentary written in the glosses of the Jerusalem Talmud (''Seder Moed''), made by one of the rabbis in his native Salonika. In his own words, "I saw... that these tractates (''Seder Zeraim'' of the Jerusalem Talmud) have no commentary at all, while even the Gemaras themselves are not to be found accurate, but all of them are full of corruptions. Moreover, I have not found in my generation a wise man who is skilled in the Jerusalem Talmud." Sirilio's manner of elucidation excels in lucidity and is largely built upon Rashi's commentary. Like Rashi, Sirilio will often explain the etymology of difficult Hebrew words (e.g. in ''Ma'aserot'' 1:3 and ''Kila'im'' 1:4, and in ''Ma'aserot'' 1:4, etc.)

Some of the earlier sources cited by Sirilio in his commentary are Rabbeinu Shimshon ha-Zaken and Maimonides, and he will often make use of transliterated Spanish words to explain the meaning of difficult Hebrew words. Occasionally, Sirilio relies on the commentary of Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek of Siponto (c. 1090–1160) over that of Maimonides' commentary in ''Seder Zera'im''. In Sirilio's introduction to Tractate ''Berakhot'' (part ii), he expounds upon the unique style of the Jerusalem Talmud, explaining its peculiar usage of Aramaic words used in the Land of Israel, as opposed to Babylonia, and which have never been elucidated in the ''Arukh''.

Many of his contemporaries, in their own written ''responsa'', including Rabbi Yosef Karo's '' Beit Yosef'', have cited his interpretation, regarding it as being authoritative. After the death of the chief rabbi of Jerusalem, Rabbi Levi ibn Habib (''ha-Ralbach''), Rabbi Sirilio became the leading sage of the Jerusalem community, until his own death a few years later.

Legacy

A copy of Rabbi Solomon Sirilio’s commentary on the ''Jerusalem Talmud'' is now stored in the British Museum, which had been purchased by Yehudah Zeraḥya Azulai from his heirs.''Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the British Museum'', part 2 (ed. G. Margoliouth), London 1905, Cat. No. 403 (Or. 2822); Cat. No. 404 (Or. 2823); Cat. No. 405 (Or. 2824). A different manuscript of Sirilio's commentary is the Moscow Ms., excerpts of which were used in the ''Oz Vehodor'' edition, in addition with the British Museum Ms. The ''Oz Vehodor'' edition (and the Artscroll edition, which uses the Oz Vehodor layout) of the Jerusalem Talmud in Hebrew now have the commentary on the whole of ''Seder Zeraim''.

He also compiled a Gemara to the Mishnah of the treatise 'Eduyot', by gathering the passages scattered in the Talmud and adding a commentary of his own.

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirilio, Solomon
1485 births
1554 deaths
15th-century Sephardi Jews
16th-century rabbis from the Ottoman Empire
Spanish emigrants to the Ottoman Empire
Sephardi rabbis in Ottoman Palestine
Jews expelled from Spain in 1492
Spanish Golden Age
Rabbis in Ottoman Galilee
Authors of works on the Jerusalem Talmud