Solitaire is any tabletop game which one can play by oneself, usually with cards, but also with dominoes. The term "solitaire" is also used for single-player games of concentration and skill using a set layout

tiles Tiles are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass. They are generally fixed in place in an array to cover roofs, floors, walls, edges, or o ...

, pegs or stones. These games include

peg solitaire Peg solitaire, Solo Noble or simply Solitaire is a board game for one player involving movement of pegs on a board with holes. Some sets use marbles in a board with indentations. The game is known as solitaire in Britain and as peg solitaire in ...

and

mahjong solitaire Mahjong solitaire (also known as Shanghai solitaire, electronic or computerized mahjong, solitaire mahjong or simply mahjong) is a single-player matching game that uses a set of mahjong tiles rather than cards. It is more commonly played on a ...

. The game is most often played by one person, but can incorporate others.

History

The origins of Card Solitaire or

Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to endure difficult circumstances. Patience may involve perseverance in the face of delay; tolerance of provocation without responding in disrespect/anger; or forbearance when under strain, especially when faced ...

are unclear, but the earliest records appear in the late 1700s across northern Europe and Scandinavia. The term ''Patiencespiel'' appears in ''Das neue Königliche L’Hombre-Spiel'', a German book published in 1788. Books were also reported to appear in Sweden and Russia in the early 1800s. There are additional references to Patience in French literature. In the United States, the first card solitaire book, ''Patience: A series of thirty games with cards'', was published by Ednah Cheney in 1870. The most popular card solitaire is Klondike, which was called Microsoft Solitaire in a digital implementation included with the Windows operating system from 1990 onwards.

Types of solitaire games

card solitaire Patience (Europe), card solitaire or solitaire (US/Canada), is a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are inte ...

, also known as "solitaire with cards", generally involves placing cards in a layout, and sorting them according to specific rules.Yan, X., Diaconis, P., Rusmevichientong, P., & Roy, B. V. (2005). Solitaire: Man versus machine. In ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'' (pp. 1553-1560). The most common solitaire card game is Klondike. Other popular variations include Spider, Yukon, and FreeCell. * Mahjong solitaire is a single-player matching game that uses a set of mahjong tiles rather than playing cards. It is more commonly played on a computer, than as a physical tabletop game. * Peg solitaire is a board game where the goal is to empty the board of pegs through movement and capturing. It is more of a puzzle than a game, since it is repeatable once it is solved. * Concentration also known as ''Memory'', ''Pelmanism'' or simply ''Pairs'', is a card game in which all of the cards are laid face down on a surface and two cards are flipped face up over each turn. The object of the game is to turn over pairs of matching cards.

References

External links

* David Parlett
Historic Card Games: Patience playing-card solitaires
{{Solitaire Single-player games Patience games

History

Types of solitaire games

See also

References

External links