''Siphanta'' is a genus of

planthopper A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment ...

s in the family

Flatidae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some spe ...

Description

In adults of ''Siphanta'', the

frons Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history. Three physical features separate insec ...

is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex meets the frons at a carinate margin. The

pronotum The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on ea ...

is flat medially and has lateral carinae that curve posterolaterally and do not reach the posterior margin. The posterior margin of the pronotum is broadly concave. The

mesonotum The mesothorax is the middle of the three segments of the thorax of hexapods, and bears the second pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the mesonotum (dorsal), the mesosternum (ventral), and the mesopleuron (lateral) on ...

is also flat medially (occasionally with a faint median carina) and has two lateral carinae. The forewing (

tegmen A tegmen (plural: ''tegmina'') designates the modified leathery front wing on an insect particularly in the orders Dermaptera ( earwigs), Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets and similar families), Mantodea (praying mantis), Phasmatodea (stick an ...

) is triangular, lacks apical lines and has a sutural angle that ranges from obtusely rounded to slightly acute. The tibia of the hind leg bears one spine.

Diet

Like other planthoppers, ''Siphanta'' are

herbivores A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthpart ...

. ''Siphanta acuta'' is

polyphagous Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food. Terminology often uses either the suffixes -vore, -vory, or -vorous from Latin ''vorare'', meaning "to devour", or -phage, -phagy, or -phagous from Greek φαγε ...

, meaning it feeds on a wide range of plants. It is a pest of

banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. S ...

guava Guava () is a common tropical fruit cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. The common guava ''Psidium guajava'' (lemon guava, apple guava) is a small tree in the myrtle family ( Myrtaceae), native to Mexico, Central America, the ...

macadamia ''Macadamia'' is a genus of four species of trees in the flowering plant family Proteaceae. They are indigenous to Australia, native to northeastern New South Wales and central and southeastern Queensland specifically. Two species of the genus ...

and various ornamental plants. ''Siphanta gregaria'' feeds on '' Cordia cylindrostachya''.

Distribution

Most species in this genus occur in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, with the exception of ''S. expatria'' from

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

. ''Siphanta acuta'' and ''S. patruelis'' have been introduced to other countries.

Species

* ''

Siphanta acuta ''Siphanta acuta'' is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characte ...

'' (Walker, 1851) * ''

Siphanta acutipenins ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' (Kirkaldy, 1906) * '' Siphanta alboconspersa'' (Distant, 1910) * '' Siphanta angularis'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta angustata'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta anomala'' (Jacobi, 1928) * '' Siphanta atomaria'' (Walker, 1858) * '' Siphanta bifida'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta breviceps'', synonym of '' Siphanta hebes'' * ''

Siphanta compacta ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' (Fletcher, 1985) * ''

Siphanta constricta ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' (Fletcher, 1985) * ''

Siphanta eberhardi ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' (Fletcher, 1985) * ''

Siphanta expatria ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' (Fletcher, 1985) * ''

Siphanta fusca ''Siphanta'' is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. Description In adults of ''Siphanta'', the frons is slightly convex to flat, has a median longitudinal carina and either lacks lateral carinae or these are very short. The vertex ...

'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta galeata'' (Kirkaldy, 1906) * '' Siphanta gallowayi'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta glauca'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta granulata'' (Kirkaldy, 1906) * '' Siphanta granulicollis'' (Stsl, 1859) * '' Siphanta gregaria'' (Jacobi, 1928) * '' Siphanta griseoviridis'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta hackeri'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta hebes'' (Walker, 1851) (Green planthopper) * '' Siphanta insularis'', synonym of '' Phyllyphanta producta'' * '' Siphanta intricata'', synonym of '' Ormenis intricata'' * '' Siphanta javana'', synonym of '' Siphanta patruelis'' * '' Siphanta kurandae'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta lucindae'' (Kirkaldy, 1906) * '' Siphanta luteolineata'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta lynae'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta minuta'' (Fabricius, 1775) * '' Siphanta montana'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta munda'', synonym of '' Euphanta munda'' * '' Siphanta nubecula'' (Jacobi, 1928) * '' Siphanta occidentalis'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta parva'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta patruelis'' (Stal, 1859) * '' Siphanta peracuta'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta recurva'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta roseicincta'' (Walker, 1862) * '' Siphanta rubra'' (Schmidt, 1904) * '' Siphanta sensilis'', synonym of '' Siphanta minuta'' * '' Siphanta similis'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta solitaria'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta stigma'', synonym of '' Siphanta hebes'' * '' Siphanta striata'' (Fletcher, 2002) * '' Siphanta subgranulosa'' (Kirkaldy, 1906) * '' Siphanta tasmanica'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta thambeos'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta toga'', synonym of '' Siphanta patruelis'' * '' Siphanta trimaculata'' (Distant, 1910) * '' Siphanta tropica'' (Fletcher, 1985) * '' Siphanta unicolor'' (Walker, 1851)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q10668571 Flatidae Auchenorrhyncha genera