Sidi Boushaki or Ibrahim Ibn Faïd Ez-Zaouaoui () (1394 CE/796 AH – 1453 CE/857 AH) was a

maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...

theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

born near the town of Thenia, east of Algiers. He was raised in a very spiritual environment with high Islamic values and ethics within the Algerian Islamic reference.

Birth and lineage

Sidi Boushaki Ez-Zaouaoui was born in 1394 CE in the Col des Beni Aïcha, at the village of

Soumâa Soumâa or Thala Oufella is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria. Location The village is surrounded by Meraldene River and Isser River, and also the town of Thenia in the Khachna mountain range. Zawiya * Zawiyet Sidi Bou ...

within the region of Tizi Naïth Aïcha, in the Khachna massif, an extension of

Djurdjura The Djurdjura or Jurjura Range ( ar, جبال جرجرة, ''Jabal Jurjura''; Berber ''Adrar n Jerjer'') is a mountain range of the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System. It is located in Kabylie, Algeria. Geography The Djurdjura is a mas ...

. His extended lineage is Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Faïd bin Moussa bin Omar bin Saïd bin Allal bin Saïd al-Zawawi.

Biography

He began his studies in the village of Thala Oufella (Soumâa) in Thénia in 1398 CE, before joining

Béjaïa Béjaïa (; ; ar, بجاية‎, Latn, ar, Bijāya, ; kab, Bgayet, Vgayet), formerly Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city and commune on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province, Kabylia. Béjaïa is ...

in 1404 CE, very young, to continue his studies. There he studied the

Quran The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , s ...

and the

Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...

fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

as a pupil with , a recognized

from

Kabylie Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of th ...

was then at the beginning of the fifteenth century a religious center and a place of influence of Sufism. He made his destination in 1415 to

Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ...

, where he deepened his knowledge of

Madhhab A ( ar, مذهب ', , "way to act". pl. مَذَاهِب , ) is a school of thought within ''fiqh'' (Islamic jurisprudence). The major Sunni Mathhab are Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali. They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries CE a ...

. There he studied the

tafsir Tafsir ( ar, تفسير, tafsīr ) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' ( ar, مُفسّر; plural: ar, مفسّرون, mufassirūn). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, in ...

of the

at the judge Abu Abdallah Al Kalchani, and he received the Maliki fiqh from Yaakub Ez-Zaghbi. He was a student of Abdelwahed Al Fariani in the foundations (Oussoul) of Islam. He returned in 1420 to the mountains of

where he deepened in

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

at Abd El Aali Ibn Ferradj. He went to

Constantine Constantine most often refers to: * Constantine the Great, Roman emperor from 306 to 337, also known as Constantine I *Constantine, Algeria, a city in Algeria Constantine may also refer to: People * Constantine (name), a masculine given name ...

in 1423 where he lived for many years, and he received the teachings in the Muslim faith (

Aqidah ''Aqidah'' ( (), plural ''ʿaqāʾid'', also rendered ''ʿaqīda'', ''aqeeda'', etc.) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin that literally means " creed". It is also called Islamic creed and Islamic theology. ''Aqidah'' go beyond concise stat ...

) and logic in "Abu Zeid Abderrahmane", nicknamed "El Bez". He studied

prose Prose is a form of written or spoken language that follows the natural flow of speech, uses a language's ordinary grammatical structures, or follows the conventions of formal academic writing. It differs from most traditional poetry, where the ...

, verse,

and the majority of the theological sciences of the time at (1365 - 1439), the

Maghreb The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, ...

and

Tlemcen Tlemcen (; ar, تلمسان, translit=Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran, and capital of the Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the p ...

scholar who had visited Constantine to preach his knowledge, not to be confused with his father Ibn Marzuq El Khatib (1310 - 1379). He joined

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow ...

for

pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, aft ...

and study, then moved to Damascus where he attended the teachings of Imam Ibn al-Jazari in the sciences of the Qur'an. He died in 1453, and was buried in the Thenia Mountains near

Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki Zawiyet Sidi Brahim Boushaki ( ar, زاوية سيدي إبراهيم البوسحاقي) or Zawiyet Thénia is a zawiya of the Rahmaniyya Sufi brotherhood located in Boumerdès Province within lower Kabylia of Algeria. Construction The za ...

in his native Kabyle tribe of the

Igawawen Igawawen or Gawawa, mostly known as Zwawa (in Kabyle: Igawawen, in Arabic: زواوة, and in Latin: Jubaleni''Revue archéologique, Société française d'archéologie classique'' (in French), p. 28) were a group of Kabyle tribes inhabiting the ...

Zawiya

Back in

Kabylia Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region Historical regions (or historical areas) are geographical regions which ...

during the last few years of his life, Sidi Boushaki then founded a zawiya in which he taught his disciples (

murid In Sufism, a ''murīd'' (Arabic مُرِيد 'one who seeks') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by ''sulūk'' (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title murshid, '' pir'' or ''shaykh''. A ''sālik'' or Su ...

s) according to the

Qadiriyya The Qadiriyya (), also transliterated Qādirīyah, ''Qadri'', ''Qadriya'', ''Kadri'', ''Elkadri'', ''Elkadry'', ''Aladray'', ''Alkadrie'', ''Adray'', ''Kadray'', ''Kadiri'', ''Qadiri'', ''Quadri'' or ''Qadri'' are members of the Sunni Qadiri ta ...

Sufi brotherhood of Sunni Sufism. This zawiya was a place of intellectual and spiritual influence throughout the

lower Kabylia Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the ...

by its teachings and initiation courses provided in this region surrounded by

Oued Isser The Oued Isser is a river of Algeria. It begins in Médéa Province, is the main river, with Oued Sébaou of the Medea, which runs through the Lower Kabylie of Djurdjura (or the current province of Boumerdès) Wilaya of Bouira, then flows into ...

and

Oued Meraldene The Oued Meraldene or Oued Merabtene, also called Oued Bourdine, is a river of Algeria located in Kabylia within the framework of the Province of Boumerdès. Presentation The ''Meraldène'' stream is one of the main tributaries of the Boumerd ...

in front of

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...

. The Sufi order of Qadiriyya was hardly followed in this zawiya for three centuries until the tariqa

Rahmaniyya The Raḥmâniyya (Arabic: الرحمانية) is an Algerian Sufi order (tariqa or brotherhood) founded by Kabyle religious scholar Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Azhari Bu Qabrayn in the 1770s. It was initially a branch of the Khalwat ...

took over in the Algérois region and Kabylia as a model of the ascetic course.

Works

His works cover several aspects of the Islamic sciences, including:

Exegesis Exegesis ( ; from the Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretation ...
and Qur'anic sciences (al-tafsîr wa al-qirâ'ât)

* ''Tafsir al-Zawawi'' is an interpretation (

) of the

( ar, تفسير الزواوي).

Islamic Law Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the ...
(
fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...
)

* ''Tuhfat Al-Mushtaq'' is a brief explanation of Mukhtasar Khalil in

jurisprudence Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning a ...

( ar, تحفة المشتاق في شرح مختصر خليل). * ''Facilitating the Path for an extract of the flowers of Rawd Khalil'' is an explanation of Mukhtasar Khalil's summary of Maliki jurisprudence ( ar, تسهيل السبيل لمقتطف أزهار روض خليل). * ''Flood of the Nile'' is an explanation of Mukhtasar Khalil's summary of Maliki jurisprudence ( ar, فيض النيل).

Arabic Language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...

* Poem in explaining the rules of grammatical parsing of the book Expressing the Arabic grammar rules on

Arabic grammar Arabic grammar or Arabic language sciences ( ar, النحو العربي ' or ar, عُلُوم اللغَة العَرَبِيَّة ') is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with ...

by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari ( ar, نظم قواعد الإعراب لابن هشام). * ''Talkhis al-Talkhis'' is an explanation of the book Talkhis al-Miftah on rhetoric, meanings and statement ( ar, تلخيص التلخيص). * Book explaining the book Al-Alfiyya of Ibn Malik on syntax by

Ibn Malik Abu 'Abd Allah Jamal al-Din Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Malik al-Ta'i al-Jayyani ( ar, ابو عبدالله جمال الدين محمد بن عبدالله بن محمد بن عبدالله بن مالك الطائي الجياني النحو ...

( ar, شرح ألفية ابن مالك).

Gallery

File:إبراهيم بوسحاقي.jpg,

Brahim Boushaki Brahim Boushaki ( ar, إبراهيم بن علي بوسحاقي ''Ibrahim ibn Ali al-Boushaki'') (1912 CE/1330 Hijri year, AH – 1997 CE/1418 Hijri year, AH), was an Algerian people, Algerian Scholar, Imam and Sufism, Sufi Sheikh (Sufism), She ...

File:Dam of Meraldene, Barrage de Merabtene, Thenia, Kabylie.jpg,

Meraldene Meraldene or Merabtene is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria. Location The village is surrounded by Meraldene River, the Meraldene Dam and the town of Thénia in the Khachna mountain range. Zawiya * Zawiyet Sidi Bous ...

valley and dam on Meraldene River File:Plan de Thénia des Béni Aïcha dans le territoire des Khachna à l'est d'Alger.jpg, Khachna Massif

References

Sources

Poem in explaining the rules of grammatical parsing by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari (نظم قواعد الإعراب لابن هشام للمؤلف سيدي بوسحاقي)

External links

* * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Boushaki, Sidi Sidi Boushaki 1394 births Algerian people People from Thénia People from Thénia District People from Boumerdès Province Kabyle people Boushaki family 1453 deaths Deaths in Algeria Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki alumni 14th-century Berber people Algerian Sufi saints Asharism in Algeria Berber scholars 15th-century Berber people Algerian Sufis Algerian Maliki scholars Algerian imams