The short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR)
is a very large
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of enzymes, most of which are known to be NAD- or NADP-dependent
oxidoreductases
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually uti ...
. As the first member of this family to be characterised was Drosophila
alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) () are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NA ...
, this family used to be called
'insect-type', or 'short-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases. Most members of this family are proteins of about 250 to 300 amino acid residues. Most dehydrogenases possess at least 2 domains,
the first binding the coenzyme, often NAD, and the second binding the substrate. This latter domain determines the substrate specificity and contains amino acids involved in catalysis. Little sequence similarity has been found in the coenzyme binding domain although there is a large degree of structural similarity, and it has therefore been suggested that the structure of dehydrogenases has arisen through gene fusion of a common ancestral coenzyme nucleotide sequence with various substrate specific domains.
Subfamilies
*
Glucose/ribitol dehydrogenase
*
Insect alcohol dehydrogenase family
*
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
Human proteins containing this domain
BDH1
D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''BDH1'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene family. The encoded protein forms a homotetrameric lipid-r ...
;
BDH2;
CBR1
Carbonyl reductase 1, also known as CBR1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''CBR1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which function as NADPH-dependent oxidore ...
;
CBR3
Carbonyl reductase ADPH3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CBR3'' gene.
Carbonyl reductase 3 catalyzes the reduction of a large number of biologically and pharmacologically active carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohol ...
;
CBR4;
DCXR;
DECR1;
DECR2;
DHRS1;
DHRS10;
DHRS13;
DHRS2;
DHRS3;
DHRS4;
DHRS4L2;
DHRS7;
DHRS7B;
DHRS8;
DHRS9;
DHRSX;
FASN;
FVT1;
HADH2;
HPGD
Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) (the HUGO-approved official symbol = HPGD; HGNC ID, HGNC:5154), also called 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase AD+ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HPGD'' gene.
In melanocytic cells ...
;
HSD11B1;
HSD11B2;
HSD17B1;
HSD17B10;
HSD17B12;
HSD17B13;
HSD17B2;
HSD17B3;
HSD17B4;
HSD17B6;
HSD17B7;
HSD17B7P2;
HSD17B8;
HSDL1;
HSDL2;
PECR;
QDPR
QDPR (quinoid dihydropteridine reductase) is a human gene that produces the enzyme quinoid dihydropteridine reductase. This enzyme is part of the pathway that recycles a substance called tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH4. Tetrahydrobiopterin ...
;
RDH10;
RDH11;
RDH12;
RDH13;
RDH14;
RDH16 Retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RDH16'' gene. The gene is also known as ''RODH-4'' and ''SDR9C8''.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of RDH16 function. A conditiona ...
;
RDH5;
RDH8;
RDHE2;
RDHS;
SCDR10;
SPR;
WWOX
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''WWOX'' gene.
Function
WW domain-containing proteins are found in all eukaryotes and play an important role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular func ...
;
References
{{reflist
Protein domains
Single-pass transmembrane proteins