Naval heraldry is a form of identification used by naval vessels from the end of the 19th century onwards, after distinguishing features such as
figureheads and
gilding
Gilding is a decorative technique for applying a very thin coating of gold over solid surfaces such as metal (most common), wood, porcelain, or stone. A gilded object is also described as "gilt". Where metal is gilded, the metal below was tradi ...
were discouraged or banned by several navies.
![Rodman Beatty](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Rodman_Beatty.jpg)
Naval heraldry commonly takes the form of a badge, seal, crest, or coat of arms designed specifically for a ship (or a series of ships bearing the same name), which in
Commonwealth
A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
navies takes the form of a large plaque, referred to as the ship's badge, mounted on the superstructure of the ship, and in the
United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
is known as the ship's seal or ship's crest, and is primarily found on crew uniform patches.
An item of naval heraldry is seen as the identifying logo of the vessel, and is commonly reproduced on hats, stationery, trophies, souvenirs, and gifts related to the ship. In many navies, the ship's badge is also displayed on the
tampion
A tampion or tompion (in the Royal Navy)#refSimmons1812, Simmons, 1812, p. 163. is a wooden plug, or a metal, canvas, rubber, or plastic cover, for the Muzzle (firearm), muzzle of a gun or mortar (weapon), mortar.#refDuane1810, Duane, 1810, p ...
s – the covers for the gun
muzzles.
The naval heraldric tradition follows the heraldic traditions of the country, with some distinctive variations.
Portuguese Navy
![Brasao CCF](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Brasao_CCF.jpg)
The system of naval heraldry used by the
Portuguese Navy
The Portuguese Navy ( pt, Marinha Portuguesa, also known as ''Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa'' or as ''Armada Portuguesa'') is the naval branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in cooperation and integrated with the other branches of the Port ...
was established and regulated in 1972, being slightly reviewed by an ordinance of February 18, 2010.
The coats of arms consist of a
round tip shield (Portuguese shield), topped by a
naval crown and under which is placed a scroll with the
motto
A motto (derived from the Latin , 'mutter', by way of Italian , 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organisation. Mot ...
or the name of the body or unit. A scroll with the
war cry
A battle cry or war cry is a yell or chant taken up in battle, usually by members of the same combatant group.
Battle cries are not necessarily articulate (e.g. "Eulaliaaaa!", "Alala"..), although they often aim to invoke patriotic or religious ...
of the unit can be placed above the naval crown. The coat of arms may also include
tenants or supporters, trophies and
decorations
Decoration may refer to:
* Decorative arts
* A house painter and decorator's craft
* An act or object intended to increase the beauty of a person, room, etc.
* An award that is a token of recognition to the recipient intended for wearing
Other ...
. A coat of arms can also be used as a badge, in which case an entirely round shield is used, surrounded by a branch of laurel on the right and by a branch of oak on the left.
The following bodies and units are entitled to the use of coat of arms:
# The Portuguese Navy itself;
# Naval and maritime zones commands;
# Bodies dependent from the Naval Command led by officers with the rank of commander or higher;
# Main bodies of the
National Maritime Authority
The Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), formerly the National Maritime Authority (NMA) is responsible for regulations related to Nigerian shipping, maritime labor and coastal waters. The agency also undertakes inspections ...
;
# The Hydrographic Institute;
# Superintendencies and directorates of the Navy
#
Corvette
A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper (or " rated") warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the slo ...
s,
frigate
A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat.
The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...
s,
submarine
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...
s,
training ship
A training ship is a ship used to train students as sailors. The term is mostly used to describe ships employed by navies to train future officers. Essentially there are two types: those used for training at sea and old hulks used to house classr ...
s and other ships commanded by officers with the rank of commander or higher;
# Permanent naval forces and groups;
# Other bodies of the Navy commanded by officers with the rank of captain or higher;
# The Hospital of the Navy;
# The Navy Staff;
# The Navy Band;
# Authorized non-permanent naval forces and marine forces commanded by officers with the rank of commander or higher;
#
Flag officer
A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark the position from which the officer exercises command.
The term is used differently in different countries:
*In many countr ...
s heads of bodies or units entitled to the use of coat of arms.
The coats of arms of the flag officers consist of the shield of the body or unit they command, replacing the naval crown for a helmet with a
crest
Crest or CREST may refer to:
Buildings
*The Crest (Huntington, New York), a historic house in Suffolk County, New York
*"The Crest", an alternate name for 63 Wall Street, in Manhattan, New York
*Crest Castle (Château Du Crest), Jussy, Switzerla ...
. The heraldic rank insignia of the officer (consisting of one or two anchors) is placed under the shield.
The commands and the units of the Portuguese Navy are also entitled to the use of
heraldic flag
In heraldry and vexillology, a heraldic flag is a flag containing coats of arms, heraldic badges, or other devices used for personal identification.
Heraldic flags include banners, standards, pennons and their variants, gonfalons, guidons, ...
s, that – depending on the type of unit – can be in the form of a
standard Standard may refer to:
Symbols
* Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs
* Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification
Norms, conventions or requirements
* Standard (metrology), an object th ...
, a
guidon or a
pennon.
Royal Australian Navy
An item of naval heraldry in the
Royal Australian Navy
The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the principal naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral Mark Hammond AM, RAN. CN is also jointly responsible to the Minister of ...
(RAN) is referred to as a ''ship's badge'', although the incorrect ''ship's crest'' is sometimes used.
[Cassells, ''The Capital Ships'', p. 191] Initially, the badges were designed and assigned to ships by the
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
. After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, an Australian body, the Badges, Names and Honours Committee, was created to take responsibility for creating RAN ships' badges.
[ At the first meeting, it was decided that all RAN badges would follow the Royal Navy format: a circle of rope in which the individual design would be placed, capped by a naval crown and a scroll with the ship's name.][ A second, longer scroll was located below the rope circle for the ship's motto.][ To identify the ship as Australian, the badge included a ]boomerang
A boomerang () is a thrown tool, typically constructed with aerofoil sections and designed to spin about an axis perpendicular to the direction of its flight. A returning boomerang is designed to return to the thrower, while a non-returning b ...
between the rope circle and motto scroll.[ The design was revised soon after to also incorporate a ]nulla nulla
A waddy, nulla-nulla or boondi is an Aboriginal Australian hardwood club or hunting stick for use as a weapon or as a throwing stick for hunting animals. ''Waddy'' comes from the Darug people of Port Jackson, Sydney.Peters, Pam, ''The Cambrid ...
and a stone axe, intertwined with the boomerang.[
Initially, there were gaps between the naval crown, name scroll, and rope circle.][Cassells, ''The Capital Ships'', pp. 192-193] The name and motto scrolls were intended to be light blue with black lettering, although in practice they were painted dark blue, making the text hard to read.[ In 1964, the gaps between the crown, scroll, and circle were closed up, and the scrolls were changed to black with gold edging and lettering.][ The lettering style was also simplified.][Cassells, ''The Capital Ships'', p. 194] In 1970, a minor change was made to the naval crown, with one of the pennants on top of the sails altered to point left instead of right.[ Another minor change was made to the crown in 1974, with the curvature of the sails altered.][ In 1975, the weapons below the rope circle were reorganised so the nulla nulla and axe were superimposed over the boomerang, and were redrawn slightly: one of the major changes being thicker hafts on the crossed weapons.][
]
Size and use
Ship's badges are used equally by the RAN for ships, shore establishments, and organisations within the RAN. The standard badge measures , with the rope circle having a diameter of from the outside edge and from the inside edge.[Cassells, ''The Capital Ships'', p. 195] "Boat's badges" were created for small craft belonging to a ship: the weapons and motto are omitted.[ Boat's badges are either or in diameter.][ Following the introduction of s and s into the RAN fleet in the early 1960s, a scaled-down badge design was created for all commissioned ships of less than in length and all submarines, measuring but with no other modifications.][ For the patrol boats, it was decided that a full-size badge was not appropriate for such small ships.][ The reduced size for submarines was a practical necessity: the badge had to fit through the external hatch, as it was only displayed on the fin while in port.][
For non-commissioned units and establishments, an altered badge design was used. The first establishment to wear a non-commissioned badge was the RAN/]RAAF
"Through Adversity to the Stars"
, colours =
, colours_label =
, march =
, mascot =
, anniversaries = RAAF Anniversary Commemoration ...
Australian Joint Anti-Submarine School (AJASS) in 1967.[ Being a joint unit, it was decided that the badge design would be based on the RAAF unit badge, with a double circle of gold rope surrounding the collar on which the unit name was written, but with an alteration in colouring to the black and gold system used on the scrolls of ships' badges.][Cassells, ''The Capital Ships'', p. 197] The royal crown was used instead of the naval crown.[ The badge entered use with all non-commissioned RAN units, such as the dockyards, naval police, and administrative divisions.][ In 1979, all of the altered badges (excluding the joint-operated AJASS) were changed from the royal crown to the naval crown.][
]
Royal Danish Navy
Naval heraldry in the Royal Danish Navy
The Royal Danish Navy ( da, Søværnet) is the Naval warfare, sea-based branch of the Danish Defence force. The RDN is mainly responsible for maritime defence and maintaining the sovereignty of Denmark, Danish territorial waters (incl. Faroe Isla ...
can be traced back to the 17th century, when ships had elaborate transom decorations. With the introduction of steel ships, the tradition fell out of favour. There was a renewed interest in the heraldry in the 1930s. However, the outbreak of World War II halted any work. Following a visit to Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...
in June 1950, Danish sailors expressed wishes to reintroduce heraldry to the Navy's ships for easier recognition and to increase cohesion on the ships. Following a number of work-groups to determine design, a standard template was produced on 26 April 1957 and was approved by the King on the 15 June 1957. On 15 April 1959, the first 15 ships' badges were approved by the King. In 1961, designs for other naval institution badges were approved.
Royal Canadian Navy
Ships in the Royal Canadian Navy
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; french: Marine royale canadienne, ''MRC'') is the Navy, naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack s ...
receive badges, specifically designed for each ship. Using a circular design, they are topped with the naval crown and surrounded by a gold rope. Three maple leaves at the bottom of the rope circle distinguish Canadian badges from those of other Commonwealth navies.[
During World War II, the number of ships being built and commissioned outstripped the ability of a central authority to design and approve. Local authority to the commanding officers of the ships resulted in humorous and risque badges, including some cartoon characters. These badges are not considered to be official.
Currently, all badges are reviewed by the Director of Ceremonial and recommended to the Governor General.
CFB Esquimalt Naval & Military Museum has an extensive collection of official Canadian naval ship, naval establishments and naval air unit badges 1910-1948. Lieutenant-Commander (Ret'd) David J. Freeman heads the Badge Project, capturing photographic or digital images of all the badges worn by HMC ships before 1948, and is in the process of completing a book on this subject.
]
Royal Norwegian Navy
It is customary for each individual ship and other units in the Royal Norwegian Navy
The Royal Norwegian Navy ( no, Sjøforsvaret, , Sea defence) is the branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for naval operations of Norway. , the Royal Norwegian Navy consists of approximately 3,700 personnel (9,450 in mobilized state, ...
to receive an individually designed coat of arms. These coats of arms follow the Norwegian heraldic tradition of being very simple in design. They often feature only one colour, one metal and one motive. They all have the same shield shape and are surrounded by a rope. The shield is surmounted by the heraldic Crown of Norway
The Crown of Norway is the crown of the King of Norway and was made in Stockholm in 1818 by goldsmith Olof Wihlborg. The crown is a ''corona clausa'' (closed model) consisting of a ring carrying eight hoops made of gold and surmounted by a mon ...
atop the ship's name.
The design of the individual shield is often inspired by connections the ship name gives. is given a shield inspired by the family coat of arms of the Nansen family. Others are given shields based on the unit's function. The Naval Schools have a shield depicting a golden anchor and two silver torches of wisdom. All naval coats of arms have to be approved by the King of Norway
The Norwegian monarch is the head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous petty kingdoms ...
.
Royal Navy
During the Age of Sail
The Age of Sail is a period that lasted at the latest from the mid-16th (or mid- 15th) to the mid- 19th centuries, in which the dominance of sailing ships in global trade and warfare culminated, particularly marked by the introduction of naval ...
, ships were identified by figureheads and gilded carvings.[Vic Cassells (2000). ''The Capital Ships'', p. 189] However, the extravagance of these decorations began to reach the point of flamboyance, and an Admiralty
Admiralty most often refers to:
*Admiralty, Hong Kong
*Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964
*The rank of admiral
*Admiralty law
Admiralty can also refer to:
Buildings
* Admiralty, Traf ...
directive in the early 18th century restricted the amount that could be spent, and eventually banned it outright.[
Ships' badges first appeared in the 1850s, as identification markings on the stationery used by some ]Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
ships.[ These marks were quickly used to mark the boats assigned to a ship, to aid crew in finding their boat at a dark or crowded wharf.][ The creation of badges was haphazard, and eventually came into use for the ships themselves.][ In 1918, ]Charles ffoulkes
Charles John ffoulkes (1868–1947) was a British historian, and curator of the Royal Armouries at London. He was a younger son of the Reverend Edmund Ffoulkes, Edmund ffoulkes. He wrote extensively on medieval weapon, arms and armour.
ffoulkes ...
, the curator of the newly established Imperial War Museum
Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London. Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, the museum was intended to record the civil and military ...
was asked by the commanding officer of to design a badge for his ship.[ He quickly received requests to create badges for other Royal Navy vessels, and on 10 December 1918, ffoulkes was appointed the Admiralty advisor on ]heraldry
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branch ...
.[ Shortly prior to this, a Ships' Badge Committee had been established to regulate the creation and use of ships' badges.][Vic Cassells (2000). ''The Capital Ships'', p. 190]
In 1919 the badges were standardized as four shapes: Circular (battleship
A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. It dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The term ''battleship'' came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type of ...
s & battlecruiser
The battlecruiser (also written as battle cruiser or battle-cruiser) was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century. These were similar in displacement, armament and cost to battleships, but differed in form and balance of attr ...
s), Pentagonal (cruiser
A cruiser is a type of warship. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships, and can usually perform several roles.
The term "cruiser", which has been in use for several hu ...
s), Shield (destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort
larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in ...
s) and Diamond (all other types and shore establishments).
Testing was carried out to ensure that the badges were designed appropriately to identify ships.[ Cardboard mockups were created, gilded, and installed on a police launch, which was observed on patrol of the ]Thames
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the R ...
by a captured German submarine moored outside the Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...
.[ It was decided to use different shapes to identify different types of vessel: circles for battleships, pentagons for cruisers, 'U'-shaped shields for destroyers, and diamonds for auxiliary units, including depot ships, small war vessels, and ]aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a ...
s.[
In 1940, the designs for all ships were standardised to a circular design.][ This was primarily due to wartime shortages, although another factor was to eliminate difficulties caused when a ship was commissioned with a previously-used name but was a different type of vessel, requiring the badge to be redesigned for the new shape.][ At the same time, the use of scaled-down badges for a ship's boats was suspended, and as of 2000 has not been resumed.][ After the war, the pentagonal badge shape was assigned to ]Royal Fleet Auxiliary
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) is a naval auxiliary fleet owned by the UK's Ministry of Defence. It provides logistical and operational support to the Royal Navy and Royal Marines. The RFA ensures the Royal Navy is supplied and supported by ...
vessels, and the diamond to commissioned shore bases.[ Before ]World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the design of badges for ships in other Commonwealth
A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
navies was the responsibility of the Royal Navy Ships' Badge Committee, but this responsibility was assigned to the relevant nations after the war.[
Ships' badges are reused along with the ship name. When the Queen approves the name of a new ship she will also approve the new ship's badge, which may have changed if the shape needs to change.
was a ship serving in the Royal Navy with an original badge, since none of the previous ''Chatham''s bore a badge.]
South African Navy
A few ships of the South African Navy adopted badges during World War II, but they appear to have been unofficial. Only one, that of the reserve base HMSAS ''Unitie'', conformed to the Royal Navy pattern of enclosing the badge in a 'U'-shaped frame of golden cable, ensigned of a naval crown resting on a name plaque.
Badges were formalised after the war, the Royal Navy model being followed. At first, badges were diamond-shaped, but after a few years they were changed to circular frames. ''Unitie'' retained her shield-shaped badge, and in the 1980s, pentagonal badges were introduced for Navy Headquarters and the headquarters of the regional commands. The naval crown was replaced by the red lion crest of the national coat of arms in 1954, and this in turn was replaced by the secretary-bird crest of the new national arms in 2002.
Where ships and shore units are named after provinces and towns, their badges incorporate elements of the provincial or civic arms, for example the ox-wagon in the badge of the frigate . Those named after historical personalities incorporate their namesakes' personal coats of arms, or elements of their arms, in their badges, for example the shield of the Van Riebeeck arms in the badge of the destroyer . For some categories of ships, including the s, Minister-class strike craft, and s, standard badges were designed, which were then differenced to identify individual vessels. The submarines' badges depicted a trident (emblem of the submarine branch) surmounted by a lozenge displaying the arms of the lady after whom the vessel was named. The strike craft badges depict a Viking longboat in full sail, with elements of the arms of the cabinet minister after which the ship was named on the sail. The minehunters' badges depict a bridge across a river, with an additional device above the bridge alluding to the name of the river.
Badges are designed and approved by the South African National Defence Force
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the Military, armed forces of South Africa. The commander of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the Military branch, armed services. They are in turn a ...
's heraldry section, and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry
Bureau ( ) may refer to:
Agencies and organizations
*Government agency
*Public administration
* News bureau, an office for gathering or distributing news, generally for a given geographical location
* Bureau (European Parliament), the administrat ...
to provide legal protection against misuse.
United States Navy
It is the custom in the United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
(USN) for ships, bases and other commands to receive an individually designed heraldic emblem. Due to heraldic traditions in the U.S., these emblems usually take the form of ''seals'' or ''crests''; the terms are used often interchangeably, although the emblems are different. These items of naval heraldry are most commonly found on uniform patches for the ship's crew; unlike ships in Commonwealth
A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
navies, which display their symbols on plaques and battle honor
A battle honour is an award of a right by a government or sovereign to a military unit to emblazon the name of a battle or operation on its flags ("colours"), uniforms or other accessories where ornamentation is possible.
In European military ...
boards fixed to the superstructure of the ship, USN ships are not allowed to paint or otherwise fix the ship's heraldry to the exterior of the ship.[Bob Ohl (1954). ''A Naval 'Coat of Arms' for Your Ship'', in ''All Hands'', p. 31]
From World War I to the beginning of World War II, some U.S. Navy ships had these insignia, but World War II brought them into general use.[ Some designs were created by the ship's personnel, while others were commissioned by professional artists.][ The ]Korean War
, date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...
saw another upsurge in interest in crests and coats of arms.[ In the 1950s and 1960s, OPNAVINST 5030.2B encouraged ships to design their own crests, and laid out the procedure for receiving official approval.][
Today, the prospective commanding officers of new ships are responsible for designing the crests and submitting them for approval. They have great leeway in determining the design, and may optionally use the services of the U.S. Army's heraldry branch. Seals for destroyers tend to be oval in shape, whereas seals for submarines and aircraft carriers tend to be circular. Littoral combat ship and aircraft carrier crests also tend to feature a profile illustration of the ship on the crest, whereas destroyer crests do not.
]
See also
* Seal (emblem)
A seal is a device for making an impression in Sealing wax, wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made. The original purpose was to authenticate a document, or to prevent interf ...
* United States Heraldry
Heraldry in the United States was first established by European settlers who brought with them the heraldic customs of their respective countries of origin. As the use of coats of arms may be seen as a custom of royalty and nobility, it had bee ...
Notes
References
*
*
U.S. Navy: ''All Hands,'' October, 1960
U.S. Navy: ''All Hands,'' May, 1963
*
Further reading
* Du Toit, A.F. (1992). ''South Africa's Fighting Ships''.
* Goosen, J.C. (1972). ''South Africa's Navy - The First Fifty Years''.
* Smith, H.H. ''Badges of the Ships of the South African Navy''.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Naval Heraldry
Heraldry
Navies
Military heraldry
Military insignia