Shandygaff (book)

Shandy is beer or cider mixed with a lemon or a lemon-lime flavored beverage. The citrus beverage, often called lemonade, may or may not be carbonated. The proportions of the two ingredients are adjusted to taste but are usually half lemonade and half beer/cider, resulting in a lower ABV for the finished drink. Shandies are popular in the UK, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada (where they are sometimes known by the French name ''Panaché'').

In some jurisdictions, the low alcohol content of shandies exempts them from laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Etymology

The debated origin of the term (recorded first in 1888) is shortened from ''shandygaff'', from Britain in 1853 and itself of obscure source.

Variants by name

''Shandy'' is a popular drink in UK and is usually ordered as either "bitter shandy" (50/50 bitter beer and fizzy lemonade) or "lager shandy" in which lager is substituted for the ale.

''Radler''

''Radler'' (German for "cyclist") has a long history in German-speaking regions. It commonly consists of a 50:50 mixture of beer and a lemon-flavored soda like Sprite.

The term ''Radler'' originates with a drink called ''Radlermass'' ("cyclist litre") that was created by innkeeper Franz Kugler in the small town of Deisenhofen, just outside Munich. During the great cycling boom of the Roaring Twenties, Kugler created a bicycle trail from Munich through the woods that led directly to his drinking establishment. On a June day in 1922, 13,000 cyclists arrived at Kugler’s. He blended it 50/50 with lemon soda as he started to run out of beer.

While the term ''Radler'' has been widely attributed to Kugler, the combination of beer and soda is documented in texts dating from 1912. Nowadays, ''Radler'' is consumed not only in Bavaria, but also in all of Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Poland, Portugal, Netherlands, Norway, Bulgaria, United States, Canada, and Romania.

In northern Germany, a half-and-half mix of Pilsner beer and soda is known as an ''Alster'' (short for ''Alsterwasser'', German for "Water from the Alster", a river in Hamburg). Regionally the ''Radler'' and ''Alster'' may refer to shandies made with either citrus soda or orange soda, with the two terms either contrasting or referring to the same drink. In Hamburg, ''Alsterwasser'' may also be made with cola, in reference to the supposed appearance of the actual river. In Austria, a ''saure Radler'' is a mix of lager and soda water.

In Austria, it is common to use Almdudler instead of lemon soda for the Radler.

''Radler'' is very popular during the summer months due to its reputation of being a thirst-quencher.

In New Zealand, the word "radler" was trademarked by DB Breweries for their "Monteith's ''Radler''" beer, which is a citrus-flavoured, full-strength (5%) beer. This has led to some brewers to use the names "reldar" (''Radler'' spelled backwards) and "Cyclist" (the literal meaning of ''Radler'').

In the Netherlands, shandy and Radler are largely seen as two different drinks, shandy being a 0,5% alcohol drink popular as a kids' beer since/in the 70s, officially as not >0.5% seen as non-alcoholic, and on the other hand the classic Radler, known from Germany, and since a decade or so also sold as pre-mixed drinks in increasing popularity by most large Dutch beer brewers in increasing variants.

''Russ''

In Bavaria, the southeastern state of Germany, as well as in the countryside of Austria, a mix of 50% '' Weißbier'' and 50% lemon soda is called a "Russ". There are three different theories about the origin of this name:
* Due to a shortage of raw materials that occurred during the great inflation between 1921 and 1923, Weißbier became more popular. To further reduce material efforts, the Weißbier was thinned with lemonade. The name "Russ" may derive from the popularity of the drink among Russian workers in Germany at that time.
* Another theory of the name's origin is that the drink initially was called "Riesen-Maß" ''(Riesen = giant)'', as the drink mixture frothed heavily.
* The most popular theory is that the drink was first served in the Mathäser-Keller in Munich after the 1918 Revolution when communists came together.

Shandygaff

A ''Shandygaff'' is an older British name for beer mixed with ginger beer or ginger ale; the earliest written record of the word dates back to 1853. In H. G. Wells

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