Sham may refer to:

Arabic use

Al-Sham Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔒂𔒠 ''Sura/i''; gr, Συρία) or Sham ( ar, ٱلشَّام, ash-Shām) is the name of a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. Other s ...

or Shām (شام), the historical name for the Greater Syria region, now most commonly known as the

Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is eq ...

or the eastern Mediterranean, including the modern countries of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus and Turkey's

Hatay Province Hatay Province ( tr, Hatay ili, ) is the southernmost province of Turkey. It is situated almost entirely outside Anatolia, along the eastern coast of the Levantine Sea. The province borders Syria to its south and east, the Turkish province of A ...

. **

Bilad al-Sham Bilad al-Sham ( ar, بِلَاد الشَّام, Bilād al-Shām), often referred to as Islamic Syria or simply Syria in English-language sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates. It roughly correspon ...

, the Caliphate province of the same region **

Jund al-Sham Jund al-Sham ( ar, جند الشام, lit=The Sham Division) is or was the name of multiple Sunni Islamic jihadist militant groups. Founded around 1991 in Jordan and trained in 1999 in Afghanistan with financial support from Osama bin Laden, ...

, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria" *

Sham el-Nessim , nickname = , observedby = Egyptians , begins = , ends = , date = The day after Eastern Christian Easter , date2012 = 14 April , date2013 = 6 May , date2014 = 21 April , date2015 = 13 April , ...

, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring * Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae

English use

Fraud In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compens ...

** Sham drug as a quack remedy ** Sham election, another name for a

show election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operat ...

Sham marriage A sham marriage or fake marriage is a marriage of convenience entered into without intending to create a real marital relationship. This is usually for the purpose of gaining an advantage from the marriage. Definitions of sham marriage vary by ...

, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive ** Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review *

Hoax A hoax is a widely publicized falsehood so fashioned as to invite reflexive, unthinking acceptance by the greatest number of people of the most varied social identities and of the highest possible social pretensions to gull its victims into pu ...

Placebo A placebo ( ) is a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value. Common placebos include inert tablets (like sugar pills), inert injections (like Saline (medicine), saline), sham surgery, and other procedures. In general ...

, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy ** Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see

treatment and control groups In the design of experiments, hypotheses are applied to experimental units in a treatment group. In comparative experiments, members of a control group receive a standard treatment, a placebo, or no treatment at all. There may be more than one tr ...

) **

Sham surgery Sham surgery (placebo surgery) is a faked surgical intervention that omits the step thought to be therapeutically necessary. In clinical trials of surgical interventions, sham surgery is an important scientific control. This is because it isolate ...

, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments * Name of a person or group of people ex: Noah West **

Sam the Sham Domingo "Sam" Samudio (born February 28, 1937, in Dallas, Texas, United States), better known by his stage name Sam the Sham, is a retired American rock and roll singer. Sam the Sham was known for his camp robe and turban and hauling his equipme ...

(born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio ** Sham, nickname of

Art Shamsky Arthur Louis Shamsky (nicknamed "Sham" and "Smasher"; born October 14, 1941) is an American former Major League Baseball player. He played right field, left field, and first base from 1965 to 1972 for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, Chicago ...

(born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager **

Sham 69 Sham 69 are an English punk rock band that formed in Hersham in Surrey in 1975. They were one of the most successful punk bands in the United Kingdom, achieving five top 20 singles, including "If the Kids Are United" and "Hurry Up Harry". The ...

, English punk band * Title of a work of art ** ''Sham'' (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton ** ''Sham'' (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins * Other uses ** Sham, a name for the cover of a

pillow A pillow is a support of the body at rest for comfort, therapy, or decoration. Pillows are used in different variations by many species, including humans. Some types of pillows include throw pillows, body pillows, decorative pillows, and man ...

** SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections

Chinese use

* Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and

Lu Jeu Sham Lu Jeu Sham (Chinese: 沈呂九) (born April 28, 1938) is an American physicist. He is best known for his work with Walter Kohn on the Kohn–Sham equations. Biography Lu Jeu Sham's family was from Fuzhou, Fujian, but he was born in British Hong ...

Sham Chun River The Sham Chun River, Shum Chum River, or Shenzhen River () serves as the natural border between Hong Kong and Mainland China, together with the Sha Tau Kok River, Mirs Bay and Deep Bay. It formed part of the limit of the lease of the New ...

, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China *

Sham Shui Po District Sham Shui Po District is one of 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is the poorest district in Hong Kong, with a predominantly working-class population of 405,869 in 2016 and the lowest median household income of all districts. Sham Shui Po has long ...

, a district of Hong Kong *

Sham Kwok Fai Sham Kwok Fai (; born 30 May 1984 in Hong Kong) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer and current coach at Hong Kong Premier League club Southern. He also plays as an amateur player for Hong Kong First Division club Citizen. He is th ...

(born 1984), association football player from Hong Kong

Other uses

Sham (name) Sham is a name which is used as a surname and a given name. People with the name include: Surname * Aristo Sham (born 1996), Hong Kong pianist * Brad Sham (born 1949), American sportscaster * Fitri Sham (born 1994), Malaysian cricketer * Jimmy S ...

, list of people with the name *

Sham (horse) Sham (April 9, 1970 – April 3, 1993) was an American thoroughbred race horse and leading three year-old in 1973, who was overshadowed by his more famous peer, Secretariat. Sham was dark bay, almost black in color. He raced in the green and yell ...

, American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races **

Sham Stakes The Sham Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old over the distance of one mile on the dirt scheduled annually in January at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. The event currently carries a pu ...

, a race named for the horse * Sham, Iran * Sham, a character in the

X-Men 2099 ''X-Men 2099'' is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics from 1993 to 1996 that chronicled the adventures of an X-Men team in the year 2099. It extends the Marvel 2099 imprint, which features other future versions of popular Marvel char ...

comic book series * Sham Pain, a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch from ''And Justice For None'' *

Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode The Antarctic oscillation (AAO, to distinguish it from the Arctic oscillation or AO), also known as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), is a low-frequency mode of atmospheric variability of the southern hemisphere that is defined as a belt of stron ...

(SHAM), a climate pattern

Arabic use

English use

Chinese use

Other uses

See also