Events
Pre-1600
*
490 BC
__NOTOC__
Year 490 BC was a year of the Roman calendar, pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Camerinus and Flavus (or, less frequently, year 264 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 490 BC for t ...
–
Battle of Marathon
The Battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes. The battle was the culmination of ...
: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The
Athenians and their
Plataea
Plataea or Plataia (; grc, Πλάταια), also Plataeae or Plataiai (; grc, Πλαταιαί), was an ancient city, located in Greece in southeastern Boeotia, south of Thebes.Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. “Plataea.” '' Webst ...
n allies defeat the
first Persian invasion force of Greece.
*
372 –
Sixteen Kingdoms
The Sixteen Kingdoms (), less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states. The majority of these states were founded by ...
:
Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father
Jin Jianwendi as Emperor of the
Eastern Jin dynasty
Eastern may refer to:
Transportation
*China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai
* Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways
* Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991
*Eastern Air ...
.
*
1213 –
Albigensian Crusade
The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (; 1209–1229) was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, southern France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown ...
:
Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
{{Infobox noble
, name = Simon de Montfort
, title = 5th Earl of Leicester
, image = File:Simon4demontfort.gif
, caption = Seal of Simon de Montfort, depicting him riding a horse and blowing a h ...
, defeats
Peter II of Aragon
Peter II the Catholic (; ) (July 1178 – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1196 to 1213.
Background
Peter was born in Huesca, the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowled ...
at the
Battle of Muret.
*
1229
Year 1229 ( MCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Sixth Crusade
* February 18 – Treaty of Jaffa: Emperor Frederick II signs a 10-year truce ...
–
Battle of Portopí: The Aragonese army under the command of
James I of Aragon
James I the Conqueror ( es, Jaime el Conquistador, ca, Jaume el Conqueridor; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276 ...
disembarks at
Santa Ponça
Santa Ponsa (Catalan and officially: ''Santa Ponça'') is a small town in the southwest of Mallorca. Located in the municipality of Calvià, it is 18 kilometres from the capital Palma.
History
It was believed that Santa Ponsa derived from a R ...
,
Majorca
Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.
The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Bal ...
, with the purpose of conquering the island.
*
1309
Year 1309 (Roman numerals, MCCCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* March 14 – Sultan Muhammad III of Granada, Muhammad III is depos ...
– The
First Siege of Gibraltar takes place in the context of the Spanish
Reconquista
The ' (Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid ...
pitting the forces of the
Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (; es, Reino de Castilla, la, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region. It began in the 9th centu ...
against the
Emirate of Granada
The Emirate of Granada ( ar, إمارة غرﻧﺎﻃﺔ, Imārat Ġarnāṭah), also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada ( es, Reino Nazarí de Granada), was an Emirate, Islamic realm in southern Iberia during the Late Middle Ages. It was the ...
resulting in a Castilian victory.
1601–1900
*
1609 –
Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson ( 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States.
In 1607 and 160 ...
begins his exploration of the
Hudson River
The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York. It originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York and flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the New York Harbor between N ...
while aboard the ''
Halve Maen
''Halve Maen'' (; en, Half Moon) was a Dutch East India Company '' vlieboot'' (similar to a carrack) that sailed into what is now New York Harbor in September 1609. She was commissioned by the VOC Chamber of Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic to ...
''.
*
1634
Events
January–March
* January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty.
...
– A gunpowder factory
explodes in
Valletta
Valletta (, mt, il-Belt Valletta, ) is an Local councils of Malta, administrative unit and capital city, capital of Malta. Located on the Malta (island), main island, between Marsamxett Harbour to the west and the Grand Harbour to the east, i ...
, Malta, killing 22 people and damaging several buildings.
*
1683
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The Brandenburger Gold Coast, Brandenburger—African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta people, Ahanta tribe (in what is now Ghan ...
–
Austro-Ottoman War:
Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna; pl, odsiecz wiedeńska, lit=Relief of Vienna or ''bitwa pod Wiedniem''; ota, Beç Ḳalʿası Muḥāṣarası, lit=siege of Beç; tr, İkinci Viyana Kuşatması, lit=second siege of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mou ...
: Several European armies join forces to defeat the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
.
*
1762 – The
Sultanate of Sulu
The Sultanate of Sulu (Tausug language, Tausūg: ''Kasultanan sin Sūg'', كاسولتانن سين سوڬ; malay language, Malay: ''Kesultanan Sulu''; fil, Sultanato ng Sulu; Chavacano: ''Sultanato de Sulu/Joló''; ar, سلطنة سولك) ...
ceded
Balambangan Island
Balambangan Island ( ms, Pulau Balambangan) is an island in Kudat Division, Sabah, Malaysia. It is located off the northern tip of Borneo and is situated just about 3 kilometres west of Banggi Island. It is now part of the Tun Mustapha Marin ...
to the
British East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...
*
1814 –
Battle of North Point
The Battle of North Point was fought on September 12, 1814, between General John Stricker's Maryland Militia and a British force led by Major General Robert Ross. Although the Americans retreated, they were able to do so in good order having inf ...
: an American detachment halts the British land advance to
Baltimore
Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the List of municipalities in Maryland, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, and List of United States cities by popula ...
in the
War of 1812
The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It bega ...
.
*
1846
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom.
* January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...
–
Elizabeth Barrett
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime.
Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabe ...
elopes with
Robert Browning
Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose dramatic monologues put him high among the Victorian poets. He was noted for irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings ...
.
*
1847 –
Mexican–American War
The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the (''United States intervention in Mexico''), was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1 ...
: the
Battle of Chapultepec
The Battle of Chapultepec was a battle between American forces and Mexican forces holding the strategically located Chapultepec Castle just outside Mexico City, fought 13 September 1847 during the Mexican–American War. The building, sitting a ...
begins.
*
1848 – A new constitution marks the establishment of
Switzerland as a federal state
The rise of Switzerland as a federal state began on 12 September 1848, with the creation of a federal constitution in response to a 27-day civil war, the ''Sonderbundskrieg''. The constitution, which was heavily influenced by the United Stat ...
.
*
1857
Events January–March
* January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.
* January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating.
* Janua ...
– The sinks about 160 miles east of
Cape Hatteras
Cape Hatteras is a cape located at a pronounced bend in Hatteras Island, one of the barrier islands of North Carolina.
Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves shap ...
,
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain
William Lewis Herndon
Commander William Lewis Herndon (25 October 1813 – 12 September 1857) was one of the United States Navy's outstanding explorers and seamen. In 1851 he led a United States expedition to the Valley of the Amazon, and prepared a report published ...
. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California fro ...
.
*
1885 –
Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord
Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord is the result of a football match between Arbroath and Bon Accord which took place on 12 September 1885.
It held the largest margin of victory in professional football until the 31 October 2002 match between AS A ...
, a world record scoreline in professional Association football.
*
1890
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony, in the Horn of Africa.
** In Michigan, the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burns in a fire on the Black River.
* January 2
** The steamship ...
–
Salisbury
Salisbury ( ) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately from Southampton and from Bath.
Salisbury is in the southeast of Wil ...
,
Rhodesia
Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' successor state to the British colony of S ...
, is founded.
*
1897 –
Tirah Campaign
The Tirah campaign, often referred to in contemporary British accounts as the Tirah expedition, was an Indian frontier campaign from September 1897 to April 1898. Tirah is a mountainous tract of country in what was formally known as Federally ...
: In the
Battle of Saragarhi
The Battle of Saragarhi was a last-stand battle fought before the Tirah Campaign between the British Raj and Afghan tribesmen. On 12 September 1897, an estimated 12,00024,000 Orakzai and Afridi tribesmen were seen near Gogra, at Samana Suk, a ...
, ten thousand Pashtun tribesmen suffer several hundred casualties while attacking 21 Sikh soldiers in British service.
1901–present
*
1906 – The
Newport Transporter Bridge
The Newport Transporter Bridge ( cy, Pont Gludo Casnewydd) is a transporter bridge that crosses the River Usk in Newport, South East Wales. The bridge is the lowest crossing on the River Usk. It is a Grade I listed structure.
It is one of f ...
is opened in
Newport, South Wales
Newport ( cy, Casnewydd; ) is a city and county borough in Wales, situated on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary, northeast of Cardiff. With a population of 145,700 at the 2011 census, Newport is the third-largest au ...
by
Viscount Tredegar
Baron Tredegar, of Tredegar in the County of Monmouth, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 April 1859 for the Welsh politician Sir Charles Morgan, 3rd Baronet, who had earlier represented Brecon in Parliame ...
.
*
1910 – Premiere performance of
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism ...
's
Symphony No. 8 in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler's rehearsal assistant
conductor was
Bruno Walter
Bruno Walter (born Bruno Schlesinger, September 15, 1876February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor, pianist and composer. Born in Berlin, he escaped Nazi Germany in 1933, was naturalised as a French citizen in 1938, and settled in the Un ...
).
*
1915
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
* January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*January 1 ...
– French soldiers rescue over 4,000
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
survivors stranded on
Musa Dagh
Musa Dagh ( tr, Musa Dağı; hy, Մուսա լեռ, ; ar, جبل موسى ; meaning "Moses Mountain") is a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey. In 1915, it was the location of a successful Armenians, Armenian resistance to the Armenian g ...
.
*
1923 –
Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally kn ...
, today called
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...
, is annexed by the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
.
*
1933 –
Leó Szilárd
Leo Szilard (; hu, Szilárd Leó, pronounced ; born Leó Spitz; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-German-American physicist and inventor. He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933, patented the idea of a nuclear ...
, waiting for a red light on
Southampton Row
The A4200 is a major thoroughfare in central London. It runs between the A4 at Aldwych, to the A400 Hampstead Road/ Camden High Street, at Mornington Crescent tube station.
Kingsway
Kingsway is a major road in central London, desig ...
in
Bloomsbury
Bloomsbury is a district in the West End of London. It is considered a fashionable residential area, and is the location of numerous cultural, intellectual, and educational institutions.
Bloomsbury is home of the British Museum, the largest mus ...
, conceives the idea of the
nuclear chain reaction
In nuclear physics, a nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series of these reactions. The specific nu ...
.
*
1938
Events
January
* January 1
** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...
–
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
demands autonomy and self-determination for the
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
of the
Sudetenland
The Sudetenland ( , ; Czech and sk, Sudety) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans. These German speakers had predominated in the ...
region of
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
.
*
1940 –
Cave painting
In archaeology, Cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves. The term usually implies prehistoric origin, and the oldest known are more than 40,000 ye ...
s are discovered in
Lascaux
Lascaux ( , ; french: Grotte de Lascaux , "Lascaux Cave") is a network of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France. Over 600 parietal wall paintings cover the interior walls and ceilings of ...
, France.
* 1940 – The
Hercules Powder Plant Disaster in the United States kills 51 people and injures over 200.
*
1942
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
RMS ''Laconia'', carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian
POWs
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610.
Belligerents hold prisoners of war ...
is
torpedoed off the coast of
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Maurit ...
and sinks with a heavy loss of life.
* 1942 – World War II: First day of the
Battle of Edson's Ridge
The Battle of Edson's Ridge, also known as the Battle of the Bloody Ridge, Battle of Raiders Ridge, and Battle of the Ridge, was a land battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II between Imperial Japanese Army and Allied (mainly United S ...
during the
Guadalcanal Campaign
The Guadalcanal campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces, was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in th ...
.
U.S. Marines
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the Marines, maritime land force military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary warfare, exped ...
protecting
Henderson Field are attacked by
Imperial Japanese Army
The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor o ...
troops.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– World War II: Benito Mussolini is
rescued from house arrest by German commando forces led by Otto Skorzeny.
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– World War II: The
liberation of Yugoslavia from Axis occupation continues.
Bajina Bašta
Bajina Bašta ( sr-cyr, Бајина Башта, ) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of western Serbia. The town lies in the valley of the Drina river at the eastern edge of Tara National Park.
The population of the to ...
in western Serbia is among the liberated cities.
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– The
People's Republic of Korea
The People's Republic of Korea (PRK) was a short-lived provisional government that was organized at the time of the surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of World War II. It was proclaimed on 6 September 1945, as Korea was being divided ...
is proclaimed, bringing an end to
Japanese rule over Korea.
*
1948 –
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...
: Marshal
Lin Biao
)
, serviceyears = 1925–1971
, branch = People's Liberation Army
, rank = Marshal of the People's Republic of China Lieutenant general of the National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China
, commands ...
, commander-in-chief of the Chinese communist
Northeast Field Army
The Chinese People's Liberation Army Fourth Field Army () was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army. It was formed during the Chinese Civil War by existing members of Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army stationed in Manchuria a ...
, launched a massive offensive toward
Jinzhou
Jinzhou (, ), formerly Chinchow, is a coastal prefecture-level city in central-west Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the Liaoxi Corridor, which connects most of the land transports between North Chin ...
,
Liaoshen Campaign has begun.
*
1953 – U.S. Senator and future President
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...
marries
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier at
St. Mary's Church in
Newport, Rhode Island
Newport is an American seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately southeast of Providence, Rhode Island, Providence, south of Fall River, Massachusetts, south of Boston, ...
.
*
1958 –
Jack Kilby
Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) was an American electrical engineer who took part (along with Robert Noyce of Fairchild) in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments (TI) in 1 ...
demonstrates the first working
integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Large numbers of tiny ...
while working at
Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globall ...
.
*
1959
Events January
* January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance.
* January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
launches a large rocket,
Lunik II, at the Moon.
* 1959 – ''
Bonanza
''Bonanza'' is an American Western television series that ran on NBC from September 13, 1959, to January 16, 1973. Lasting 14 seasons and 432 episodes, ''Bonanza'' is NBC's longest-running western, the second-longest-running western series on U ...
'' premieres, the first regularly scheduled TV program presented in
color
Color (American English) or colour (British English) is the visual perceptual property deriving from the spectrum of light interacting with the photoreceptor cells of the eyes. Color categories and physical specifications of color are associ ...
.
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– The
African and Malagasy Union
, native_name_lang=fr
, image = File:Flag_of_African_and_Malagasy_Union.svg
, image_border =
, size =
, caption = Flag
, map = AfricanMalagasyUnionMembers.png
, msize =
, mcaption =
, abbreviation =
, m ...
is founded.
* 1961 –
Air France Flight 2005
Air France Flight 2005 of 12 September 1961 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Paris-Orly Airport to Casablanca Airport with a stop at Rabat-Salé Airport. The Sud Aviation Caravelle aircraft crashed that day at 21:09 GMT near ...
crashes near
Rabat–Salé Airport
Salé Airport or Rabat–Salé Airport is an international airport located in the city of Salé, also serving Rabat, the capital city of Morocco and of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region. It is a joint use public and military airport, also hostin ...
, in
Rabat
Rabat (, also , ; ar, الرِّبَاط, er-Ribât; ber, ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ṛṛbaṭ) is the capital city of Morocco and the country's seventh largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan populati ...
,
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
, killing 77 people.
*
1962 – President
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination ...
delivers his "
We choose to go to the Moon
"We choose to go to the Moon", officially titled the Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort, is a September 12, 1962, speech by United States President John F. Kennedy to bolster public support for his proposal to land a man ...
" speech at Rice University.
*
1966 –
Gemini 11
Gemini 11 (officially Gemini XI) With Gemini IV, NASA changed to Roman numerals for Gemini mission designations. was the ninth crewed spaceflight mission of NASA's Project Gemini, which flew from September 12 to 15, 1966. It was the 17th crewed ...
, the penultimate mission of NASA's
Gemini program
Project Gemini () was NASA's second human spaceflight program. Conducted between projects Mercury and Apollo, Gemini started in 1961 and concluded in 1966. The Gemini spacecraft carried a two-astronaut crew. Ten Gemini crews and 16 individual ...
, and the current human altitude record holder (except for the
Apollo lunar missions).
*
1969 –
Philippine Airlines Flight 158
Philippine Air Lines Flight 158 was a Philippine Air Lines flight from Mactan–Cebu International Airport to Manila International Airport in Manila which crashed on 12 September 1969. The aircraft, a BAC One-Eleven, struck a mango tree on the h ...
crashes in
Antipolo
Antipolo, officially known as the City of Antipolo ( fil, Lungsod ng Antipolo), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 887,399 people. It is the mo ...
, near
Manila International Airport
Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA , ; fil, Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino or ''Pandaigdigang Paliparan ng Ninoy Aquino''; ), originally known and still commonly referred to as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main ...
in the Philippines, killing 45 people.
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...
–
Dawson's Field hijackings
In September 1970, members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijacked four airliners bound for New York City and one for London. Three aircraft were forced to land at Dawson's Field, a remote desert airstrip near Zarqa ...
:
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( ar, الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, translit=al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn, PFLP) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and revolutionary soci ...
terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in
Zarqa
Zarqa ( ar, الزرقاء) is the capital of Zarqa Governorate in Jordan. Its name means "the blue (city)". It had a population of 635,160 inhabitants in 2015, and is the most populous city in Jordan after Amman.
Geography
Zarqa is located in t ...
,
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
, continuing to hold the passengers hostage in various undisclosed locations in
Amman
Amman (; ar, عَمَّان, ' ; Ammonite language, Ammonite: 𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍 ''Rabat ʻAmān'') is the capital and largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center. With a population of 4,061,150 a ...
.
*
1974
Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...
– Emperor
Haile Selassie
Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (' ...
of
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
, '
Messiah
In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias (; ,
; ,
; ) is a saviour or liberator of a group of people. The concepts of ''mashiach'', messianism, and of a Messianic Age originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible, in which a ''mashiach'' ...
' of the
Rastafari movement
Rastafari, sometimes called Rastafarianism, is a religion that developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. It is classified as both a new religious movement and a social movement by scholars of religion. There is no central authority in control o ...
, is deposed following a
military coup
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare
War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such ...
by the
Derg
The Derg (also spelled Dergue; , ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, then including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when the military leadership formally " c ...
, ending a reign of 58 years.
*
1977 – South African
anti-apartheid activist
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid, apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-White population who were persecuted by ...
Steve Biko
Bantu Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he was at the forefront of a grassroots anti-apartheid campaign known ...
dies in police custody.
*
1980
Events January
* January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
* January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC.
* January 9 – ...
– Military
coup in Turkey.
*
1983 – A
Wells Fargo
Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company with corporate headquarters in San Francisco, California; operational headquarters in Manhattan; and managerial offices throughout the United States and intern ...
depot in
West Hartford, Connecticut
West Hartford is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, west of downtown Hartford. The population was 64,083 at the 2020 census.
The town's popular downtown area is colloquially known as "West Hartford Center," or simply "The C ...
, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by
Los Macheteros
The ''Ejército Popular Boricua'' ("Boricua Popular/People's Army"), also known as ''Los Macheteros'' ("The Machete Wielders"), is a clandestine militant and insurgent organization based in Puerto Rico, with cells in the states and other natio ...
.
* 1983 – The
USSR
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
vetoes a
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...
Resolution deploring the Soviet destruction of
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (KE007/KAL007)The flight number KAL 007 was used by air traffic control, while the public flight booking system used KE 007 was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alask ...
.
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
–
Dwight Gooden
Dwight Eugene Gooden (born November 16, 1964), nicknamed "Dr. K" and "Doc", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). Gooden pitched from 1984 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2000 for the N ...
sets the
baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding tea ...
record for
strikeout
In baseball or softball, a strikeout (or strike-out) occurs when a batter accumulates three strikes during a time at bat. It usually means that the batter is out. A strikeout is a statistic recorded for both pitchers and batters, and is deno ...
s in a season by a rookie with 276, previously set by
Herb Score
Herbert Jude Score (June 7, 1933 – November 11, 2008) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) player and announcer. Score pitched for the Cleveland Indians from 1955 through 1959 and the Chicago White Sox from 1960 through 1962. He was ...
with 246 in 1954. Gooden's 276 strikeouts that season, pitched in 218 innings, set the current record.
*
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
–
Hurricane Gilbert
Hurricane Gilbert was the second most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Atlantic basin in terms of barometric pressure, only behind Hurricane Wilma in 2005. An extremely powerful tropical cyclone that formed during the 1988 Atlantic hurr ...
devastates
Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
; it turns towards Mexico's
Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula (, also , ; es, Península de Yucatán ) is a large peninsula in southeastern Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala. The peninsula extends towards the northeast, separating the Gulf of Mexico to the north ...
two days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.
*
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– The two German states and the
Four Powers sign the
in Moscow, paving the way for
German reunification
German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
.
* 1990 – The
Red Cross organizations of mainland China and
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
sign
Kinmen Agreement on repatriation of illegal immigrants and criminal suspects after two days of talks in
Kinmen
Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It lies roughly east of the city of Xiamen in Fujian, from which it is separate ...
,
Fujian Province
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
in response to the two tragedies in repatriation in the previous two months. It is the first agreement reached by private organizations across the
Taiwan Strait
The Taiwan Strait is a -wide strait separating the island of Taiwan and continental Asia. The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is wide.
The Taiwan Strait is itself a s ...
.
*
1992
File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: 1992 Los Angeles riots, Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the Police brutality, police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment buildi ...
–
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...
launches
Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' on
STS-47 which marked the 50th shuttle mission. On board are
Mae Carol Jemison
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle ''Endeavour''. Je ...
, the first
African-American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...
woman in space,
Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly in a US spaceship, and
Mark Lee and
Jan Davis, the first married couple in space.
* 1992 –
Abimael Guzmán
Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso (; 3 December 1934 − 11 September 2021), also known by his '' nom de guerre'' Chairman Gonzalo ( es, Presidente Gonzalo), was a Peruvian Maoist revolutionary and guerrilla leader, considered a terrorist ...
, leader of the
Shining Path
The Shining Path ( es, Sendero Luminoso), officially the Communist Party of Peru (, abbr. PCP), is a communist Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla group in Peru following Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Gonzalo Thought. Academics often refer to the gro ...
, is captured by
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal
, national_motto = "Fi ...
vian special forces; shortly thereafter the rest of
Shining Path
The Shining Path ( es, Sendero Luminoso), officially the Communist Party of Peru (, abbr. PCP), is a communist Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla group in Peru following Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Gonzalo Thought. Academics often refer to the gro ...
's leadership fell as well.
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...
–
Frank Eugene Corder
Frank Eugene Corder (May 26, 1956 – September 12, 1994) was an American truck driver. He stole a Cessna 150 late on September 11, 1994, and crashed the stolen aircraft onto the South Lawn (White House), South Lawn of the White House early o ...
fatally crashes a single-engine
Cessna 150 into the
White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. ...
's south lawn, striking the West wing. There were no other casualties.
*
2001
The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...
–
Ansett Australia
Ansett Australia was a major Australian airline group, based in Melbourne, Australia. The airline flew domestically within Australia and from the 1990s to destinations in Asia. After operating for 65 years, the airline was placed into admini ...
, Australia's first commercial interstate airline, collapses due to increased strain on the international airline industry, leaving 10,000 people unemployed.
*
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
– The
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
lifts
sanctions against
Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
after that country agreed to accept responsibility and recompense the families of victims in the
1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
* 2003 –
Iraq War
{{Infobox military conflict
, conflict = Iraq War {{Nobold, {{lang, ar, حرب العراق (Arabic) {{Nobold, {{lang, ku, شەڕی عێراق (Kurdish languages, Kurdish)
, partof = the Iraq conflict (2003–present), I ...
: In
Fallujah, U.S. forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers.
* 2003 –
Typhoon Maemi
Typhoon Maemi () or (), known in the Philippines as Typhoon Pogi, was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea since record-keeping began in the country in 1904. Maemi formed on September 4, 2003 from a disturbance in a monsoon troug ...
, the strongest recorded typhoon to strike South Korea, made landfall near
Busan
Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, w ...
.
*
2005
File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...
–
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Israelis ( he, יִשְׂרָאֵלִים, translit=Yīśrāʾēlīm; ar, الإسرائيليين, translit=al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the citizens and nationals of the State of Israel. The country's populace is composed primarily of Jew ...
: the
Israeli disengagement from Gaza
The Israeli disengagement from Gaza ( he, תוכנית ההתנתקות, ') was the unilateral dismantling in 2005 of the 21 Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and the evacuation of Israeli settlers and army from inside the Gaza Strip.
Th ...
is completed, leaving some 2,530 homes demolished.
*
2007 – Former Philippine President
Joseph Estrada
Joseph Ejercito Estrada, (; born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937), also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor. He served as the 13th president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, the 9th vice preside ...
is convicted of
plunder.
* 2007 –
Two earthquakes measuring 8.4 and 7.9 on the
Richter Scale
The Richter scale —also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale—is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Francis Richter and presented in his landmark 1935 ...
hits the
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
n island of
Sumatra
Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...
, killing 25 people and injuring 161.
*
2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
– The
2008 Chatsworth train collision in Los Angeles between a
Metrolink commuter train and a
Union Pacific
The Union Pacific Railroad , legally Union Pacific Railroad Company and often called simply Union Pacific, is a freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Paci ...
freight train kills 25 people.
*
2011
File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
– The
National September 11 Memorial & Museum
The National September 11 Memorial & Museum (also known as the 9/11 Memorial & Museum) is a memorial and museum in New York City commemorating the September 11 attacks of 2001, which killed 2,977 people, and the 1993 World Trade Center bomb ...
in New York City opens to the public.
*
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...
–
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...
confirms that its
Voyager 1
''Voyager 1'' is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin ''Voyager 2'', ''Voya ...
probe has become the first
manmade object to enter interstellar space.
*
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...
– A series of
explosions involving
propane
Propane () is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula . It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, it is commonly used a ...
triggering nearby illegally stored mining detonators in the Indian town of
Petlawad
Petlawad is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in the Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, formerly the Central Provinces. The town received nationwide media coverage on 12 September 2015 when an explosion killed approximately 100 pe ...
in the state of
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...
kills at least 105 people with over 150 injured.
Births
Pre-1600
*
1415 –
John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal (12 September 14156 November 1461) was a fifteenth-century English magnate who, despite having a relatively short political career, played a significant role in the early years of the Wars of ...
(d. 1461)
*
1494
Year 1494 ( MCDXCIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 4 – The Cetinje Octoechos (Цетињски октоих, an Eastern O ...
–
Francis I of France
Francis I (french: François Ier; frm, Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once ...
(d. 1547)
*
1590 –
María de Zayas
María de Zayas y Sotomayor (before 12 September 1590 – unknown) wrote during Spain's Golden Age of literature. She is considered by a number of modern critics as one of the pioneers of modern literary feminism, while others consider her simp ...
, Spanish writer (d. 1661)
1601–1900
*
1605 –
William Dugdale
Sir William Dugdale (12 September 1605 – 10 February 1686) was an English antiquary and herald. As a scholar he was influential in the development of medieval history as an academic subject.
Life
Dugdale was born at Shustoke, near Coleshi ...
, English genealogist and historian (d. 1686)
*
1690 –
Peter Dens, Flemish theologian and academic (d. 1775)
*
1725 –
Guillaume Le Gentil
Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean-Baptiste Le Gentil de la Galaisière (, 12 September 1725 – 22 October 1792) was a French astronomer who discovered several nebulae and was appointed to the Royal Academy of Sciences. He made unsuccessful attemp ...
, French astronomer (d. 1792)
*
1736 –
Hsinbyushin
Hsinbyushin ( my, ဆင်ဖြူရှင်, , ; th, พระเจ้ามังระ; 12 September 1736 – 10 June 1776) was king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1763 to 1776. The second son of the dynasty founder Al ...
, Burmese king (d. 1776)
*
1739 –
Mary Bosanquet Fletcher
Mary Bosanquet Fletcher (; 12 September 1739 – 8 December 1815) was an English preacher credited with persuading John Wesley, a founder of Methodism, to allow women to preach in public. She was born into an affluent family, but after converti ...
,
Methodist
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's b ...
preacher and philanthropist (d. 1815)
*
1740 –
Johann Heinrich Jung
Johann Heinrich Jung (12 September 1740, in Grund – 2 April 1817, in Karlsruhe), better known by his assumed name Heinrich Stilling, was a German author.
Life
He was born in the village of Grund (now part of Hilchenbach) in Westphalia. His fa ...
, German author and academic (d. 1817)
*
1768
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.
* February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Rep ...
–
Benjamin Carr
Benjamin Carr (September 12, 1768 – May 24, 1831) was an American composer, singer, teacher, and music publisher.Stephen Siek, "Benjamin Carr", Grove Music Online
Biography
Born in London, he was the son of Joseph Carr (music publisher), Jose ...
, English-American singer-songwriter, educator, and publisher (d. 1831)
*
1797 –
Samuel Joseph May
Samuel Joseph May (September 12, 1797 – July 1, 1871) was an American reformer during the nineteenth century who championed education, women's rights, and abolition of slavery. May argued on behalf of all working people that the rights of h ...
, American activist (d. 1871)
*
1812
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire.
* January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of ...
–
Edward Shepherd Creasy
Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy (12 September 1812 – 17 January 1878) was an English historian and jurist.
Life
He was born the son of a Land Agent in Bexley, Kent, England and educated at Eton College (where he won the Newcastle Scholarship in ...
, English historian and jurist (d. 1878)
* 1812 –
Richard March Hoe, American engineer and businessman, invented the
Rotary printing press
A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the images to be printed are curved around a cylinder. Printing can be done on various substrates, including paper, cardboard, and plastic. Substrates can be sheet feed or unwound on a continuo ...
(d. 1886)
*
1818 –
Richard Jordan Gatling
Richard Jordan Gatling (September 12, 1818 – February 26, 1903) was an American inventor best known for his invention of the Gatling gun, which is considered to be the first successful machine gun.
Life
Gatling was born in Hertford County, Nort ...
, American inventor, invented the
Gatling gun
The Gatling gun is a rapid-firing multiple-barrel firearm invented in 1861 by Richard Jordan Gatling. It is an early machine gun and a forerunner of the modern electric motor-driven rotary cannon.
The Gatling gun's operation centered on a cyc ...
(d. 1903)
* 1818 –
Theodor Kullak
Theodor is a masculine given name. It is a German form of Theodore. It is also a variant of Teodor.
List of people with the given name Theodor
* Theodor Adorno, (1903–1969), German philosopher
* Theodor Aman, Romanian painter
* Theodor Blueger, ...
, German pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1882)
*
1828 –
William Morgan, English-Australian politician, 14th
Premier of South Australia
The premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The premier is ...
(d. 1883)
*
1829 –
Anselm Feuerbach
Anselm Feuerbach (12 September 1829 – 4 January 1880) was a German painter. He was the leading classicist painter of the German 19th-century school.
Biography
Early life
Feuerbach was born at Speyer, the son of the archaeologist Joseph ...
, German painter (d. 1880)
* 1829 –
Charles Dudley Warner
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was " ...
, American essayist and novelist (d. 1900)
*
1830 –
William Sprague, American businessman and politician, 27th
Governor of Rhode Island
The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government
The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, o ...
(d. 1915)
*
1837
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria.
* January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
* February – Charles Dickens's ...
–
Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
English: Frederick William Louis Charles
, house = Hesse-Darmstadt
, father = Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine
, mother = Princess Elisabeth of Prussia
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Prinz-Carl-Palais, Darmstadt, Gra ...
(d. 1892)
*
1852
Events
January–March
* January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic.
* January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...
–
H. H. Asquith
Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom f ...
, English lawyer and politician,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
(d. 1928)
*
1855 –
Simon-Napoléon Parent
Simon-Napoléon Parent (September 12, 1855 – September 7, 1920) was the 12th premier of Quebec from October 3, 1900 to March 21, 1905, as well as serving as President of the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company.
Background
Parent was born in ...
, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th
Premier of Quebec
The premier of Quebec ( French: ''premier ministre du Québec'' (masculine) or ''première ministre du Québec'' (feminine)) is the head of government of the Canadian province of Quebec. The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the ...
(d. 1920)
*
1856 –
Johann Heinrich Beck, American composer and conductor (d. 1924)
*
1857
Events January–March
* January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.
* January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating.
* Janua ...
–
Manuel Espinosa Batista
Manuel Espinosa Batista (September 12, 1857 – November 27, 1919) was a Colombian pharmacist turned politician who campaigned for a separate Panama state and became one of "Founders of the Republic". He is known for his philanthropy.
Early lif ...
, Colombian pharmacist and politician (d. 1919)
*
1862
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria.
* January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico.
* January ...
–
Carl Eytel
Carl Eytel (September 12, 1862 – September 17, 1925) was a German American artist who built his reputation for paintings and drawings of desert subjects in the American Southwest. Immigrating to the United States in 1885, he settled in Palm Sp ...
, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1925)
*
1866
Events January–March
* January 1
** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee.
** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published.
* January 6 – Ottoman tr ...
–
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon (12 September 1866 – 12 August 1941), was a British Liberal politician and administrator who served as Governor General of Canada, the 13th since Canadian Confederation, and as Viceroy an ...
, English cricketer and politician, 13th
Governor General of Canada
The governor general of Canada (french: gouverneure générale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the . The is head of state of Canada and the 14 other Commonwealth realms, but resides in oldest and most populous realm, t ...
(d. 1941)
*
1869 –
Paweł Owerłło
Paweł Owerłło (15 September 1869 – 27 April 1957) was a Polish stage and film actor. He appeared in more than 45 films between 1912 and 1939.
Selected filmography
* '' The Unthinkable'' (1926)
*'' Pan Tadeusz'' (1928)
* '' Pod banderą ...
, Polish actor (d. 1957)
*
1875
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...
–
Matsunosuke Onoe
, sometimes known as Medama no Matchan (''"Eyeballs" Matsu''), was a Japanese actor. His birth name is Tsuruzo Nakamura. He is sometimes credited as Yukio Koki, Tamijaku Onoe, or Tsunusaburo Onoe, and as a kabuki artist he went by the name Tsuru ...
, Japanese actor and director (d. 1926)
*
1880 –
H. L. Mencken
Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic, and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians, ...
, American journalist and critic (d. 1956)
*
1882
Events
January–March
* January 2
** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates.
** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in ...
–
Ion Agârbiceanu
Ion Agârbiceanu (first name also Ioan, last name also Agărbiceanu and Agîrbiceanu; September 12, 1882 – May 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, journalist, politician, theologian and Greek-Catholic priest. Born among the ...
, Romanian journalist, politician, and archbishop (d. 1963)
*
1884
Events
January–March
* January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London.
* January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London.
* January 18 – Dr. William Price atte ...
–
Martin Klein, Estonian wrestler and coach (d. 1947)
*
1885 –
Heinrich Hoffmann Heinrich Hoffmann or Hoffman may refer to:
Hoffmann
* Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer) (1885–1957), German photographer
*Heinrich Hoffmann (author) (1809–1894), German psychiatrist and author
* Heinrich Hoffmann (sport shooter) (1869–?), Germ ...
, German photographer and art dealer (d. 1957)
*
1888 –
Maurice Chevalier, French actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1972)
*
1889
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada.
** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the ...
–
Ugo Pasquale Mifsud
Sir Ugo Pasquale Mifsud (12 September 1889 – 11 February 1942) was a Maltese politician, the 3rd Prime Minister of Malta under British home rule, and the first to serve a full term in power.Prime Minister of Malta
The prime minister of Malta ( mt, Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the head of government, which is the highest official of Malta. The Prime Minister chairs Cabinet meetings, and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The P ...
(d. 1942)
*
1891 –
Pedro Albizu Campos
Pedro Albizu Campos (September 12, 1891Luis Fortuño Janeiro. ''Album Histórico de Ponce (1692–1963).'' p. 290. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Imprenta Fortuño. 1963. – April 21, 1965) was a Puerto Rican attorney and politician, and the leading fi ...
, Puerto Rican lawyer and politician (d. 1965)
* 1891 –
Jean-François Martial
Jean-François Martial (12 September 1891 – 18 October 1977) was a Belgian actor who appeared in mostly French films beginning in the silent film era of the early 1910s until his retirement in the early 1960s.
Born Martial Joseph Ghislain Fos ...
, Belgian actor (d. 1977)
* 1891 –
Arthur Hays Sulzberger
Arthur Hays Sulzberger (September 12, 1891December 11, 1968) was the publisher of ''The New York Times'' from 1935 to 1961. During that time, daily circulation rose from 465,000 to 713,000 and Sunday circulation from 745,000 to 1.4 million; the st ...
, American publisher (d. 1968)
*
1892
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States.
* February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado.
* February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies for ...
–
Alfred A. Knopf, Sr.
Alfred Abraham Knopf Sr. (September 12, 1892 August 11, 1984) was an American publisher of the 20th century, and co-founder of Alfred A. Knopf, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. His contemporaries included the likes of Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, and (o ...
, American publisher, founded
Alfred A. Knopf Inc. (d. 1984)
*
1894 –
Kyuichi Tokuda
was a Japanese politician and first chairman of the Japanese Communist Party from 1945 until his death in 1953.
Biography
Kyuichi Tokuda was born in 1894 in Okinawa and became a lawyer following graduation from Nihon University in 1920. He joi ...
, Japanese lawyer and politician (d. 1953)
* 1894 –
Dorothy Maud Wrinch
Dorothy Maud Wrinch (12 September 1894 – 11 February 1976; married names Nicholson, Glaser) was a mathematician and biochemical theorist best known for her attempt to deduce protein structure using mathematical principles. She was a champion o ...
, Argentinian-English mathematician, biochemist and philosopher (d. 1976)
*
1895 –
Freymóður Jóhannsson, Icelandic painter and composer (d. 1973)
*
1897 –
Irène Joliot-Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie (; ; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist and politician, the elder daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was award ...
, French chemist and physicist,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1956)
* 1897 – Walter B. Gibson, American magician and author (d. 1985)
*1898 – Salvador Bacarisse, Spanish composer (d. 1963)
* 1898 – Alma Moodie, Australian violinist and educator (d. 1943)
* 1898 – Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-American painter and photographer (d. 1969)
*1900 – Haskell Curry, American mathematician, logician, and academic (d. 1982)
1901–present
*1901 – Shmuel Hurwitz, Shmuel Horowitz, Israeli agronomist and academic (d. 1999)
*1902 – Juscelino Kubitschek, Brazilian physician and politician, 21st President of Brazil (d. 1976)
* 1902 – Marya Zaturenska, Ukrainian-American poet and author (d. 1982)
*1904 – István Horthy, Hungarian fighter pilot and deputy regent (d. 1942)
* 1904 – John Courtney Murray, American priest and theologian (d. 1967)
* 1904 – Lou Moore, American race car driver (d. 1956)
*1905 – Linda Agostini, English-Australian murder victim (d. 1934)
*1907 – Louis MacNeice, Irish poet and playwright (d. 1963)
*1908 – Werner Flume, German jurist (d. 2009)
*1909 – Donald MacDonald (Nova Scotia politician), Donald MacDonald, Canadian trade union leader and politician (d. 1986)
*1913 – Jesse Owens, American sprinter and long jumper (d. 1980)
*1914 – Rais Amrohvi, Pakistani psychoanalyst, poet, and scholar (d. 1988)
* 1914 – Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh-English soldier and actor (d. 1999)
*1916 – Tony Bettenhausen, American race car driver (d. 1961)
*1917 – Pierre Sévigny (politician), Pierre Sévigny, Canadian colonel, academic, and politician (d. 2004)
* 1917 – Han Suyin, Chinese-Swiss physician and author (d. 2012)
*1920 – Irene Dailey, American actress (d. 2008)
*1921 – Frank McGee (journalist), Frank McGee, American journalist (d. 1974)
* 1921 – Stanisław Lem, Polish philosopher and author (d. 2006)
* 1921 – Turgut Cansever, Turkish architect, city planner, and thinker (d. 2009)
*1922 – Antonio Cafiero, Argentinian accountant and politician, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (d. 2014)
* 1922 – Jackson Mac Low, American poet, playwright, and composer (d. 2004)
* 1922 – Mark Rosenzweig (psychologist), Mark Rosenzweig, American psychologist and academic (d. 2009)
*1924 – Amílcar Cabral, Guinea-Bissauan political leader (d. 1973)
*1925 – Stan Lopata, American baseball player (d. 2013)
* 1925 – Dickie Moore (actor), Dickie Moore, American actor (d. 2015)
*1927 – Mathé Altéry, French soprano and actress
*1928 – Robert Irwin (artist), Robert Irwin, American painter and gardener
* 1928 – Muriel Siebert, American businesswoman and philanthropist (d. 2013)
* 1928 – Ernie Vandeweghe, Canadian-American basketball player and physician (d. 2014)
*1929 – Harvey Schmidt, American composer and illustrator (d. 2018)
*1930 – Larry Austin, American composer and educator
*1931 – Ian Holm, English actor (d. 2020)
* 1931 – George Jones, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
*1932 – Atli Dam, Faroese engineer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 2005)
*1934 – Glenn Davis (athlete), Glenn Davis, American hurdler, sprinter, and football player (d. 2009)
* 1934 – Jaegwon Kim, South Korean-American philosopher and academic (d. 2019)
* 1934 – Nellie Wong, Chinese American poet and activist
*1935 – Richard Hunt (sculptor), Richard Hunt, American sculptor
*1937 – George Chuvalo, Canadian boxer
* 1937 – Wes Hall, Barbadian cricketer and politician
*
1938
Events
January
* January 1
** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...
– Judy Clay, American soul and gospel singer (d. 2001)
* 1938 – Claude Ruel, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
* 1938 – Tatiana Troyanos, American operatic soprano (d. 1993)
*1939 – Pablo McNeil, Jamaican track and field sprinter and sprinting coach (d. 2011)
* 1939 – Phillip Ramey, American pianist and composer
* 1939 – Henry Waxman, American lawyer and politician
*
1940 – Linda Gray, American model and actress
*
1942
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Michel Drucker, French journalist
* 1942 – Tomás Marco, Spanish composer
* 1942 – François Tavenas, Canadian engineer and academic (d. 2004)
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– Maria Muldaur, American folk and blues singer
* 1943 – Leonard Peltier, American political activist and convicted criminal
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– Lonnie Mayne, American wrestler (d. 1978)
* 1944 – Vladimir Spivakov, Russian violinist and conductor
* 1944 – Barry White, American singer-songwriter (d. 2003)
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– Jim Liberman, Russell "Jungle Jim" Liberman, American Drag racing, drag racer (d. 1977)
* 1945 – Milo Manara, Italian author and illustrator
* 1945 – John Mauceri, American conductor and producer
*1946 – Tony Bellamy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)
* 1946 – Neil Lyndon, British journalist and writer
*1947 – David Grant (academic), David Grant, English engineer and academic
* 1947 – Gerald Howarth, English soldier, pilot, and politician, Minister for International Security Strategy
* 1947 – Christopher Neame, English actor
*
1948 – Steve Turre, American trombonist and educator
* 1948 – Max Walker, Australian footballer, cricketer, sportscaster, and architect (d. 2016)
* 1948 – Caio Fernando Abreu, Brazilian writer (d. 1996)
*1949 – Charles Burlingame, American captain and pilot (d. 2001)
* 1949 – Irina Rodnina, Russian figure skater and politician
* 1949 – Tony Stevens, English rock bassist and songwriter
*1950 – Marguerite Blais, Canadian journalist and politician
* 1950 – Gustav Brunner, Austrian engineer
* 1950 – Bruce Mahler, American actor and screenwriter
* 1950 – Mike Murphy (ice hockey, born 1950), Mike Murphy, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*1951 – Bertie Ahern, Irish accountant and politician, 11th Taoiseach, Taoiseach of Ireland
* 1951 – Norm Dubé, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1951 – Ray Gravell, Welsh rugby player and actor (d. 2007)
* 1951 – Joe Pantoliano, American actor and producer
* 1951 – Ali-Ollie Woodson, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2010)
*1952 – Gerry Beckley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1952 – Neil Peart, Canadian drummer, songwriter, and producer (d. 2020)
*
1953 – Nan Goldin, American photographer
*1954 – Robert Gober, American sculptor
* 1954 – Scott Hamilton (musician), Scott Hamilton, American saxophonist
* 1954 – Peeter Volkonski, Estonian singer-songwriter and actor
*1955 – Brian Smith (footballer, born 1955), Brian Smith, English footballer (d. 2013)
*1956 – Barry Andrews (musician), Barry Andrews, English singer and keyboard player
* 1956 – Leslie Cheung, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2003)
* 1956 – David Goodhart, English journalist and author
* 1956 – Walter Woon, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 7th Attorney-General of Singapore
*1957 – Paul M. Sharp, British academic and educator
* 1957 – Jan Egeland, Norwegian politician, diplomat and humanitarian
* 1957 – Rachel Ward, English-Australian actress
* 1957 – Hans Zimmer, German composer and producer
*
1958 – Wilfred Benítez, American boxer
* 1958 – Gregg Edelman, American actor and singer
*
1959
Events January
* January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance.
* January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...
– Scott Brown (politician), Scott Brown, American colonel and politician
* 1959 – Deron Cherry, American football player and sportscaster
* 1959 – Sigmar Gabriel, German educator and politician, 17th Vice-Chancellor of Germany
*1960 – Evan Jenkins (politician), Evan Jenkins, American academic and politician
* 1960 – Stefanos Korkolis, Greek pianist and composer
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Mylène Farmer, Canadian-French singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
*
1962 – Sunay Akın, Turkish poet, journalist, and philanthropist
* 1962 – Amy Yasbeck, American actress
*1964 – Greg Gutfeld, American television journalist and author
* 1964 – Dieter Hecking, German footballer and manager
*1965 – Einstein Kristiansen, Norwegian animator and producer
* 1965 – Vernon Maxwell, American basketball player
* 1965 – Midnight (wrestler), Midnight, Jamaican wrestler
*
1966 – Ben Folds, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1966 – Vezio Sacratini, Canadian ice hockey player
*1967 – Louis C.K., American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1967 – Pat Listach, American baseball player, coach, and manager
*1968 – Larry LaLonde, American guitarist and songwriter
* 1968 – Nicholas Russell, 6th Earl Russell, English politician (d. 2014)
* 1968 – Richard Snell (cricketer), Richard Snell, South African cricketer and physiotherapist
* 1968 – Paul F. Tompkins, American comedian, actor, and writer
*
1969 – Max Boot, Russian-American historian and author
* 1969 – Ángel Cabrera, Argentinian golfer
* 1969 – James Frey, American author and screenwriter
* 1969 – Shigeki Maruyama, Japanese golfer
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...
– Nathan Larson (musician), Nathan Larson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1971 – Younes El Aynaoui, Moroccan tennis player
* 1971 – Shocker (wrestler), Shocker, Mexican wrestler
*1972 – Gideon Emery, English-American actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1972 – Paul Green (rugby league), Paul Green, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2022)
* 1972 – Sidney Souza, Brazilian footballer
*1973 – Tarana Burke, American civil rights activist
* 1973 – Kara David, Filipino journalist and documentarian
* 1973 – Martina Ertl-Renz, German skier
* 1973 – Martin Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1973 – Paul Walker, American actor (d. 2013)
*
1974
Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...
– Caroline Aigle, French soldier and pilot (d. 2007)
* 1974 – Jennifer Nettles, American singer-songwriter
* 1974 – Guy Smith (racing driver), Guy Smith, English race car driver
* 1974 – Kenichi Suzumura, Japanese voice actor and singer-songwriter
* 1974 – Nuno Valente, Portuguese footballer and coach
*1975 – Luis Castillo (second baseman), Luis Castillo, Dominican baseball player
* 1975 – Bill Kirby, Australian swimmer and coach
*1976 – Maciej Żurawski, Polish footballer
*
1977 – Nathan Bracken, Australian cricketer
* 1977 – Grant Denyer, Australian race car driver and journalist
* 1977 – Jeff Irwin, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1977 – David Thompson (footballer, born 1977), David Thompson, English footballer
*1978 – Elisabetta Canalis, Italian model and actress
* 1978 – Benjamin McKenzie, American actor
* 1978 – Ruben Studdard, American R&B, pop, and gospel singer
*
1980
Events January
* January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
* January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC.
* January 9 – ...
– Sean Burroughs, American baseball player
* 1980 – Fernando César de Souza, Brazilian footballer
* 1980 – Yao Ming, Chinese basketball player
* 1980 – Hiroyuki Sawano, Japanese composer
* 1980 – Kevin Sinfield, English rugby player
* 1980 – Josef Vašíček, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2011)
*1981 – Marty Adams, Canadian actor and screenwriter
* 1981 – Alan Arruda, Brazilian footballer
* 1981 – Jennifer Hudson, American singer and actress
* 1981 – Staciana Stitts, American swimmer
*1982 – Zoran Planinić, Croatian basketball player
* 1982 – Sal Rinauro, American wrestler
*
1983 – Tom Geißler, German footballer
* 1983 – Rami Haikal, Jordanian guitarist
* 1983 – Sebastian Hofmann, German footballer
* 1983 – Daniel Muir, American football player
* 1983 – Sergio Parisse, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
* 1983 – Clayton Richard, American baseball player
* 1983 – Carly Smithson, Irish singer-songwriter
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
– Nashat Akram, Iraqi footballer
* 1984 – Chelsea Carey, Canadian curler
*1986 – Kamila Chudzik, Polish heptathlete
* 1986 – Akwasi Fobi-Edusei, English footballer
* 1986 – Joanne Jackson (swimmer), Joanne Jackson, English swimmer
* 1986 – Yuto Nagatomo, Japanese footballer
* 1986 – Dimitrios Regas, Greek sprinter
* 1986 – Alfie Allen, English actor
* 1986 – Emmy Rossum, American singer and actress
*
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
– Amanda Jenssen, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1989 – Freddie Freeman, American-Canadian baseball player
* 1989 – Andrew Luck, American football player
*1991 – Thomas Meunier, Belgian footballer
* 1991 – Mike Towell, Scottish professional boxer (d. 2016)
* 1991 – Scott Wootton, English footballer
*
1992
File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: 1992 Los Angeles riots, Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the Police brutality, police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment buildi ...
– Sviatlana Pirazhenka, Belarusian tennis player
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...
– Gideon Jung, German footballer
* 1994 – RM (rapper), RM, South Korean rapper, songwriter and record producer
* 1994 – Elina Svitolina, Ukrainian tennis player
*1995 – Steven Gardiner, Bahamian sprinter
*1997 – Sydney Sweeney, American actress
* 1997 – Almida de Val, Sweden, Swedish Curling, curler
Deaths
Pre-1600
* 640 – Sak K'uk', Mayan queen
* 973 – Nefingus, bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Angers, Angers
*1185 – Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1118)
*
1213 –
Peter II of Aragon
Peter II the Catholic (; ) (July 1178 – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1196 to 1213.
Background
Peter was born in Huesca, the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowled ...
(b. 1174)
*1362 – Pope Innocent VI (b. 1295)
*1368 – Blanche of Lancaster (b. 1345/1347)
*1439 – Sidi El Houari, Algerian imam (b. 1350)
*1500 – Albert III, Duke of Saxony (b. 1443)
*1544 – Clément Marot, French poet (b. 1496)
1601–1900
*1612 – Vasili IV of Russia (b. 1552)
*1642 – Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars, French conspirator (b. 1620)
*1660 – Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist, and politician (b. 1577)
*1665 – Jean Bolland, Belgian priest and hagiographer (b. 1596)
*1672 – Tanneguy Le Fèvre, French scholar and author (b. 1615)
*1674 – Nicolaes Tulp, Dutch anatomist and politician (b. 1593)
*
1683
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The Brandenburger Gold Coast, Brandenburger—African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta people, Ahanta tribe (in what is now Ghan ...
– Afonso VI of Portugal (b. 1643)
*1712 – Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1637)
*1764 – Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer and theorist (b. 1683)
*1779 – Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire (b. 1711)
*1810 – Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, English banker and politician (b. 1740)
*
1814 – Robert Ross (British Army officer), Robert Ross, Irish general (b. 1766)
*1819 – Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (b. 1742)
*1836 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German playwright (b. 1801)
*
1869 – Peter Mark Roget, English physician, theologian, and lexicographer (b. 1779)
*1870 – Eleanora Atherton, English philanthropist (b. 1782)
* 1870 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American journalist, explorer, and author (b. 1836)
*1874 – François Guizot, French historian and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1787)
1901–present
*1903 – Duncan Gillies, Scottish-Australian businessman and politician, 14th Premier of Victoria (b. 1834)
*1907 – Ilia Chavchavadze, Georgian poet, journalist, and lawyer (b. 1837)
*1912 – Pierre-Hector Coullié, French cardinal (b. 1829)
*1918 – George Reid (Australian politician), George Reid, Australian accountant and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845)
*1919 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian author and playwright (b. 1871)
*
1923 – Jules Violle, French physicist and academic (b. 1841)
*1927 – Sarah Frances Whiting, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1847)
*
1942
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Valentine Baker (pilot), Valentine Baker, Welsh co-founder of the Martin-Baker, Martin-Baker Aircraft Company (b. 1888)
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– Hajime Sugiyama, Japanese field marshal and politician, 44th Ministry of War of Japan, Japanese Minister of War (b. 1880)
*1949 – Erik Adolf von Willebrand, Finnish physician (b. 1870)
*
1953 – James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn, English politician, Governor of Northern Ireland (b. 1869)
* 1953 – Hugo Schmeisser, German engineer (b. 1884)
* 1953 – Lewis Stone, American actor (b. 1879)
*1956 – Sándor Festetics, Hungarian politician, Ministry of Defence (Hungary), Hungarian Minister of War (b. 1882)
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Carl Hermann, German physicist and academic (b. 1898)
*
1962 – Spot Poles, American baseball player and soldier (b. 1887)
* 1962 – Rangeya Raghav, Indian author and playwright (b. 1923)
*1967 – Vladimir Bartol, Italian-Slovene author and playwright (b. 1903)
*1968 – Tommy Armour, Scottish-American golfer and journalist (b. 1894)
*1971 – Walter Egan (golfer), Walter Egan, American golfer (b. 1881)
*1972 – William Boyd (actor), William Boyd, American actor and producer (b. 1895)
*
1977 –
Steve Biko
Bantu Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he was at the forefront of a grassroots anti-apartheid campaign known ...
, South African activist (b. 1946)
* 1977 – Les Haylen, Australian journalist and politician (b. 1898)
* 1977 – Robert Lowell, American poet (b. 1917)
*1978 – William Hudson (engineer), William Hudson, New Zealand-Australian engineer (b. 1896)
*1981 – Eugenio Montale, Italian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)
*1982 – Federico Moreno Torroba, Spanish composer and conductor (b. 1891)
*1986 – Jacques Henri Lartigue, French painter and photographer (b. 1894)
* 1986 – Charlotte Wolff, German-English psychotherapist and physician (b. 1897)
*1987 – John Qualen, Canadian-American actor (b. 1899)
*
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– Athene Seyler, English actress (b. 1889)
*1991 – Bruce Matthews (Canadian Army officer), Bruce Matthews, Canadian general and businessman (b. 1909)
*
1992
File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: 1992 Los Angeles riots, Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the Police brutality, police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment buildi ...
– Ruth Nelson (actress), Ruth Nelson, American actress
* 1992 – Anthony Perkins, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1932)
*1993 – Raymond Burr, Canadian-American actor and director (b. 1917)
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...
– Tom Ewell, American actor (b. 1909)
* 1994 – Boris Yegorov, Russian physician and astronaut (b. 1937)
*1995 – Jeremy Brett, English actor (b. 1933)
* 1995 – Yasutomo Nagai, Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1965)
*1996 – Ernesto Geisel, Brazilian general and politician, 29th President of Brazil (b. 1907)
*1997 – Judith Merril, American-Canadian science fiction writer, editor and political activist (b. 1923)
*1999 – Bill Quackenbush, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1922)
*2000 – Stanley Turrentine, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1934)
*
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
– Johnny Cash, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1932)
*
2005
File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...
– Serge Lang, French-American mathematician, author and academic (b. 1927)
*
2007 – Bobby Byrd, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1934)
*
2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
– Bob Quinn (Australian footballer), Bob Quinn, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1915)
* 2008 – David Foster Wallace, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1962)
*2009 – Norman Borlaug, American agronomist and humanitarian, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
* 2009 – Jack Kramer, American tennis player and sportscaster (b. 1921)
* 2009 – Willy Ronis, French photographer and author (b. 1910)
*2010 – Claude Chabrol, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
* 2010 – Giulio Zignoli, Italian footballer (b. 1946)
*
2011
File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
– Alexander Galimov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1985)
*2012 – Arkadii Dragomoshchenko, Russian poet and author (b. 1946)
* 2012 – Jon Finlayson, Australian actor and screenwriter (b. 1938)
* 2012 – Derek Jameson, English journalist and broadcaster (b. 1929)
* 2012 – Tom Sims, American skateboarder and snowboarder, founded Sims Snowboards (b. 1950)
*
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...
– Ray Dolby, American engineer and businessman, founded Dolby Laboratories (b. 1933)
* 2013 – Warren Giese, American football player, coach, and politician (b. 1924)
* 2013 – Erich Loest, German author and screenwriter (b. 1926)
* 2013 – Candace Pert, American neuroscientist and pharmacologist (b. 1946)
*2014 – Atef Ebeid, Egyptian academic and politician, 47th List of Prime Ministers of Egypt, Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1932)
* 2014 – John Gustafson (musician), John Gustafson, English singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1942)
* 2014 – Ian Paisley, Northern Irish evangelical pastor (Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, Free Presbyterian Church) and politician, 2nd First Minister of Northern Ireland (b. 1926)
* 2014 – Joe Sample, American pianist and composer (b. 1939)
* 2014 – Hugh Royer, Jr., American golfer (b. 1936)
*
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...
– Claudia Card, American philosopher and academic (b. 1940)
* 2015 – Frank D. Gilroy, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1925)
* 2015 – Al Monchak, American baseball player and coach (b. 1917)
* 2015 – Aronda Nyakairima, Ugandan general and politician (b. 1959)
*2017 – Allan MacEachen, Canadian economist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1921)
* 2017 – Edith Windsor, American LGBT rights activist and technology manager at IBM (b. 1929)
*2018 – Shen Chun-shan, Taiwanese academic (b. 1932)
*2019 – ʻAkilisi Pōhiva, Tongan politician and activist, Prime Minister of Tonga (b. 1941)
Holidays and observances
* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day:
** Ailbe of Emly, Ailbe (Elvis, Eilfyw) of Emly
** Ebontius
** Guy of Anderlecht
** The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary
** John Henry Hobart (Episcopal Church (USA))
** Laisrén mac Nad Froích
** Sacerdos of Lyon
** September 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* Commemoration of the mass hanging of the Saint Patrick's Battalion (Mexico)
* Day of Conception (Russia)
* Defenders Day (Maryland), Defenders Day (Maryland, United States)
* Enkutatash falls on this day if it is a leap year. Celebrated on the first day of Ethiopian calendar, Mäskäräm. (
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
, Eritrea, Rastafari)
* Nayrouz (Coptic Orthodox Church) (leap years only, September 11 on normal years)
* Public holidays in Cape Verde, National Day (Cape Verde)
* National Day of Encouragement (United States)
* Battle of Saragarhi#Saragarhi Day, Saragarhi Day (Sikhism)
* UNRIC#UN international days and observances, United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation (International observance, International)
References
External links
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:September 12
Days of the year
September