This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa.

Separatism Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...

includes

autonomism Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendenc ...

and

secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics le ...

ism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: #They are active movements with living, active members. #They are seeking greater autonomy or

self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It stat ...

for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). #They are the citizen/inhabitants of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: *''De facto'' state: for regions with ''

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...

'' autonomy from the government *Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding

sovereign state A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a polity, political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defin ...

*Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession **''De facto'' autonomous government: for governments with ''de facto'' autonomous control over a region **Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control **Political party (or parties): for

political parties A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...

involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession **Militant organisation(s): for armed separatist organisations **Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities **

Ethnic An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

ethno-religious An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a grouping of people who are unified by a common religious and ethnic background. Furthermore, the term ethno-religious group, along with ethno-regional and ethno-linguistic groups, is a s ...

/ racial/ regional/ religious group(s)

Algeria

Kabylia Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of th ...

* Ethnic group: Kabyle people ** Proposed state:

( Berber language: ''Tagduda Taqbaylit''). ** Government-in-exile:

Kabyle Provisional Government The Kabyle Provisional Government ( kab, Anavaḍ Aqbayli Uεḍil) is a self-proclaimed provisional government in the form of an association formed in Paris by the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylia and aimed at declaring the independence of K ...

(ANAVAD AQVAYLI UΣTIL). ** Movement leader: Ferhat Mehenni. ** Political party: Movement for the self-determination of Kabylie (Mak-Anavad). Etat Pied-Noir :* Ethnic group:

Pieds-Noirs The ''Pieds-Noirs'' (; ; ''Pied-Noir''), are the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962; the vast majority of whom departed for mainland France as soon as Alger ...

:* Political party: Etat Pied-Noir :* Status: Active (Established in 2016)

Angola

Central-Eastern Angola *Ethnic group: Flag of Lunda Tchokwe

Lunda-Tchokwé people ** Proposed state: Lunda-Tchokwé (República Democrática da Lunda-Tchokwé) (RDLT) ** Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT), led by Dr. Jota Filipe Malakito ** Claimant group: Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé (MJSPL), also an Advocacy group ** Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT) ** Movements: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (MULT), Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé (PULT), Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (JULT) Cabinda * Ethnic group:

Bakongo The Kongo people ( kg, Bisi Kongo, , singular: ; also , singular: ) are a Bantu ethnic group primarily defined as the speakers of Kikongo. Subgroups include the Beembe, Bwende, Vili, Sundi, Yombe, Dondo, Lari, and others. They have lived ...

**Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda **Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) **Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC),

Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda The Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda ( pt, Frente de Libertação do Estado de Cabinda; FLEC (Lopes)) is a separatist movement seeking the independence of the Angolan province of Cabinda. It was founded in the Netherlands in 1996 by a gr ...

**Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC) **Status: Ongoing low-intensity war

Cameroon

Map of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia (claimed)

* Ethnic group:

Anglophones Speakers of English are also known as Anglophones, and the countries where English is natively spoken by the majority of the population are termed the ''Anglosphere''. Over two billion people speak English , making English the largest language ...

of the former

Southern Cameroons The Southern Cameroons was the southern part of the British Empire, British League of Nations mandate territory of the British Cameroons in West Africa. Since 1961, it has been part of the Republic of Cameroon, where it makes up the Northwest Re ...

, consisting of over 80 ethnic groups **Population: ~4 million people **Proposed state: Federal Republic of Ambazonia ** Advocacy group: Interim Government of Ambazonia,

Ambazonia Governing Council The Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) is an Ambazonian independence movement. The movement has been known as "hardline" compared to other major Ambazonian separatist movements, and unwilling to engage with federalists. Starting off with a compl ...

and others ** Militant groups: Ambazonia Self-Defence Council,

Ambazonia Defence Forces The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) are a military organization that fights for the independence of Ambazonia, a self-declared independent state in the Anglophone regions of the former Southern Cameroons, Cameroon. It was formally established by th ...

, SOCADEF, other smaller militias ** Status: Ongoing civil war Flag of the Democratic Republic of Bakassi

Bakassi Bakassi is a peninsula on the Gulf of Guinea. It lies between the Cross River estuary, near the city of Calabar and the Rio del Ray estuary on the east. It is governed by Cameroon, following the transfer of sovereignty from neighbouring Niger ...

* People:

Oron Oron may refer to: "Light" or someone that is "being able" or "capable" of doing anything posible or impossible. *Oron people a multi ethnic group of people living In the lower Cross River basin. *Oron Nation, one of the major states in the old Ca ...

**Population: 150,000–300,000 people (subject of dispute) ** Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi ** Militant groups:

Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination The Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination (BAMOSD) is a militant organization that seeks for the independence of Bakassi, a territory of Cameroon and formation of the Democratic Republic of Bakassi. The movement played a leading role in the Baka ...

** Status: Active insurgency until 2009, isolated incidents until 2015

Central African Republic

Dar El Kuti * Ethnic group: Muslims in the Central African Republic ** Proposed state: Republic of Dar el-Kuti ** Advocacy group and militant organization:

Séléka Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR was an alliance of rebel militia groups that subjugated the Central African Republic (CAR) on 24 March 2013. After its official dissolution in September 2013, the remaining rebel groups became known as Ex-Séléka. Sél� ...

**Status: Ongoing civil war, effectively a

proto-state A quasi-state (some times referred to as state-like entity or proto-state) is a political entity that does not represent a fully institutionalised or autonomous sovereign state. The precise definition of ''quasi-state'' in political literature f ...

Comoros

* Ethnic group: Comorian ** Proposed state: **Political parties:

Anjouan People's Movement Anjouan (; also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani, and historically as Johanna or Hinzuan) is an autonomous high island in the Indian Ocean that forms part of the Union of the Comoros. Its chief town is Mutsamudu and, , its population is around 277,500 ...

, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana *Ethnic group: Comorian **Proposed state: Mwali

Republic of the Congo

South Congo (Brazzaville) * Ethnic group: South Congolese **Advocacy group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo **Proposed state: Flag of South Congo

State of South Congo Modeste Boukadia (born 1954) is a Congolese political figure and the prominent leader of the self-proclaimed State of South Congo. Known for his active involvement in Congolese politics, Boukadia has been a vocal advocate for political reform an ...

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Bas-Congo *Advocacy group:

Bundu dia Kongo Bundu dia Kongo (Kikongo; "Gathering of Kongo"), known as BDK, is a new religious movement with a political and cultural agenda that is associated with the Kongo ethnic group. It was founded in June 1969 but officially in 1986 by Ne Muanda Nse ...

*Proposed state:

Kingdom of Kongo The Kingdom of Kongo ( kg, Kongo dya Ntotila or ''Wene wa Kongo;'' pt, Reino do Congo) was a kingdom located in central Africa in present-day northern Angola, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the ...

* Political parties:

Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans The Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans (french: Union des fédéralistes et des Républicains Indépendants, UFERI) is a political party in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since the actual electoral strength of the political partie ...

*Militant organizations:

Mai Mai Kata Katanga Mai-Mai Kata Katanga, also called Mai-Mai Bakata Katanga, is a ''mai-mai'' rebel group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo which advocates the independence of the Congo's Katanga Province. It was formed shortly after the group's leader, Géd ...

*Status: Sporadic violence

Eritrea

Southern Red Sea Region Eritrea-people map

* Ethnic group: Afar people, Saho people ** Proposed autonomous area or state: Dankalia ** Advocacy groups:

Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation The Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation (; ; ar, التنظيم الديمقراطي لعفر البحر الأحمر, transliteration: ''Al-tanzim Al-dimokrati Li-'afar Al-Bahr Al-Ahmar''; abbreviated RSADO) is a political organisation and ...

, Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama, Saho People's Democratic Movement

Equatorial Guinea

Bioko * Ethnic group:

Bubi BuBi (officially: MOL BuBi) is a bicycle sharing network in Budapest, Hungary. Its name is a playful contraction Budapest and Bicikli ( bicycle in Hungarian), meaning "bubble" in an endearing manner. As of May 2019 the network consists of 143 doc ...

** Proposed state: Bioko Island **Advocacy group:

Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island The Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island ( es, Movimiento para la Auto-determinación de la Isla de Bioko) is a proscribed political organization in Equatorial Guinea. It has its roots in the pre-independence Unión Bubi, which ...

Ethiopia

() *Proposed state:

Ogadenia Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; so, Ogaadeen, am, ውጋዴ/ውጋዴን) is one of the historical names given to the modern Somali Region, the territory comprising the eastern portion of Ethiopia formerly part of the Harargh ...

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) or **Political party:

Ogaden National Liberation Front The Ogaden National Liberation Front (abbreviated ONLF, so, Jabhadda Wadaniga Xoreynta Ogaadeeniya; ar, الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير أوجادين) is a social and political movement, founded in 1984 to campaign for the right to ...

*Proposed state: Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front

Oromia Oromia (Amharic: ) ( om, Oromiyaa) is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. The capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa. It is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Benish ...

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) **Militant organizations:

Oromo Liberation Front The Oromo Liberation Front ( om, Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo, abbreviated: ABO; English abbreviation: OLF) is an Oromo nationalist political party formed in 1973 to promote self-determination for the Oromo people inhabiting today's Oromia Region and ...

Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia The Islamic Front for Liberation of Oromia (abbreviated IFLO) was an Oromo-based political and paramilitary organization founded in 1985 by its Commander in Chief, Sheikh Abdulkarim Ibrahim Hamid, otherwise known as Jaarraa Abbaa Gadaa. The gr ...

**Advocacy group: Qeerroo Flag of the Tigray Region

Tigray *Proposed state: Tigray **Political party: Tigray Independence Party **Status: Ongoing war * Proposed: Self-determination for the

Sidama people The Sidama ( am, ሲዳማ) are an ethnic group traditionally inhabiting the Sidama Region, formerly part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. On 23 November 2019, the Sidama Zone became the 10th regional sta ...

** Militant organization:

Sidama National Liberation Front The Sidama National Liberation Front, also known as Sidama Liberation Front or Sidama Liberation Movement (abbreviated SNLF or SLF) is a rebel group in the Sidama Region of Ethiopia. The SNLF allied with the Oromo Liberation Front in 2012 and th ...

France

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

:''Secessionist movements:'' :*Political party: Proposed flag of Réunion (Nationalist movement)

Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir. :*Political party:

Communist Party of Réunion The Communist Party of Réunion (french: Parti Communiste Réunionnais, PCR) is a communist political party in the French overseas department of Réunion (in the Indian Ocean). History PCR was founded in 1959, as the French Communist Party (PCF) ...

:*Proposed state: Republic of Zabon

Mayotte Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is loc ...

continues to have autonomist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

in 2011.

Ghana

Western Togoland Western Togoland (french: Togoland de l'Ouest) is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised state which is internationally recognised by the international community as a part of Ghana. It claims five the Volta region, Volta and Oti ...

:*Proposed State: Western Togoland :**Militant organizations: Western Togoland Restoration Front Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) Ghana - Ashanti

Ashantiland *Ethnic group: Ashanti-Akan **Proposed state: Ashanti Flag

Ashantiland ***Political party:

Ashanti United Party Ashanti may refer to: * Ashanti people, an ethnic group in West Africa ** Ashanti Empire, a pre-colonial West African state in what is now southern Ghana ** Ashanti dialect or Asante, a literary dialect of the Akan language of southern Ghana ** As ...

, Ashanti Federal Party, Ashanti Movement for Freedom and Justice, National Liberation Movement, ***Advocacy group: United Kotoko Society, Alliance for change, Ashanti Union, Ashanti Congress, Ashanteman Council,

Kumasi Traditional Council Kumasi (historically spelled Comassie or Coomassie, usually spelled Kumase in Twi) is a city in the Ashanti Region, and is among the largest metropolitan areas in Ghana. Kumasi is located in a rain forest region near Lake Bosomtwe, and is the ...

Kenya

Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of the British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital city status. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

*Proposed state:

Mombasa Republic The Mombasa Republic is a proposed state that would encompass the former Coast Province of Kenya. The Mombasa Republican Council (MRC) in the main separatist organisation to argue that Mombasa should secede from Kenya to become an independent s ...

*Political party:

Mombasa Republican Council Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of the British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital city status. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

*Status: Active

Libya

Map of traditional provinces of Libye-en

Berbers , image = File:Berber_flag.svg , caption = The Berber ethnic flag , population = 36 million , region1 = Morocco , pop1 = 14 million to 18 million , region2 = Algeria , pop2 ...

* Ethnic Groups:

Tuareg people The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: ''Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern Al ...

Toubou people The Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya and northeastern Niger. They live either as herders and nomads or as ...

** Political party: Libu Party ** Militant organisations:

Tuareg militias of Ghat Tuareg militias of Ghat are ethnic Tuareg tribal militias, operating in South-West Libya desert areas during the Second Libyan Civil War. The militias rose to prominence in the district of Ghat, which has a Tuareg majority. Gradually, the Tuareg ...

Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya The Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya ( ar, جبهة التبو لإنقاذ ليبيا; french: Front Toubou pour la Salut de la Libye) is a group created in mid-2007 to defend the rights and interests of the Toubou people in Libya. It is le ...

Transitional Council * Ethnic group:

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

** Proposed autonomous area: Semi-autonomous "State of Cyrenaica" * Ethnic group:

Toubou The Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya and northeastern Niger. They live either as herders and nomads or as ...

**Proposed state: **Militant organization:

Mali

*Ethnic group:

Tuareg The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: ''Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern A ...

** Proposed state: ** Political party: Coordination of Azawad Movements, which includes MNLA ** Militant organisations:

National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad or the Azawad National Liberation Movement (Tamasheq: '; ar, الحركة الوطنية لتحرير أزواد ''al-Ḥarakat al-Waṭaniyat Litaḥrīr ʾĀzawād''; french: Mouvement nati ...

Mauritius

Rodrigues Rodrigues (french: Île Rodrigues, link=yes ; Creole: ) is a autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which include Mauritius and Réunion. Rodr ...

* Ethnic group: Rodriguan ** Proposed greater autonomy or state:

** Political party:

Rodrigues People's Organisation The Rodrigues People's Organisation (OPR) (french: Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) is a political party based in the Island of Rodrigues, Mauritius. At the legislative elections of 11 September 2000, the party won 2 out of 70 seats (both the ...

Morocco

* Ethnic group: Riffian ** Proposed state: Republic of the Rif **Political party: Rif Independence Movement **Militant organisation(s): Rif Independence Movement Started in

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

during the 1920s,White Gypsies: Race and Stardom in Spanish Musical Films - Eva Woods Peiró
p. 46. and was revitalized in 2013. The Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.

Namibia

*Ethnic Group: Lozi **Proposed state: Caprivi Strip or unificiation with Barotsealand **Militant organization:

Caprivi Liberation Army Caprivi Liberation Army (CLA) is a Namibian rebel and separatist group which was established in 1994 to separate the Caprivi Strip, a region mainly inhabited by the Lozi people. It operates only in the Caprivi strip. Background The Caprivi Str ...

Barotse *Ethnic group: Lozi ** Proposed state: ** Militant organization: Barotse Royal Establishment

Rehoboth area The Rehoboth area, historically the Free Republic of Rehoboth (German: ''Freie Republik Rehoboth'') is an unrecognized state in central Namibia, inhabited by the indigenous Baster people. Between 1979 and 1989, the area was a South West African b ...

* Ethnic group:

Baster The Basters (also known as Baasters, Rehobothers or Rehoboth Basters) are a Southern African ethnic group descended from white European men and black African women, usually of Khoisan origin, but occasionally also enslaved women from the Cape, ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

** Political party: The United People`s Movement (UPM) Rehoboth Basters (Member of the UNPO)

Nigeria

* Ethnic group: Igbo, Anioma, Igede,

Igala The International Gender and Language Association (IGALA), is an international interdisciplinary academic organization that promotes research on language, gender, and sexuality. Claire Maree is its current president. History The association was ...

, Idoma,

Ijaw Ijaw may refer to: *Ijaw people *Ijaw languages The Izon languages (), otherwise known as the Ịjọ languages, are the languages spoken by the Izon people in southern Nigeria. Classification The Ijo languages were traditionally considered a ...

, Kalabari,

Ibibio Ibibio may refer to: *Ibibio language *Ibibio people *Ibibio Sound Machine, an English electronic afro-funk band who sing in Ibibio See also * Ibiblio ibiblio (formerly SunSITE.unc.edu and MetaLab.unc.edu) is a "collection of collections", a ...

, and

Ogoni The Ogonis are a people in the Rivers South East senatorial district of Rivers State, in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria. They number just over 2 million and live in a homeland which they also refer to as Ogoniland. They share common ...

. **Proposed state: (defunct) **Separatist movements: The Indigenous People of Biafra, Biafra Zionist Movement,

Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra The Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) is a secessionist movement in Nigeria, associated with Igbo nationalism, which supports the recreation of an independent state of Biafra. It was founded in 1999 and is le ...

**Militant organization: Eastern Security Network **Government in exile: Biafran Government in exile Yoruba Nation OduduwaStar Flag

Republic of Oduduwa * Ethnic group: Yorùbá ethnic groups in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Òkun in Kogi states in Nigeria, Itsekiris in Delta state and

Akoko The Akoko are a large Yoruba cultural sub-group in the Northeastern part of Yorubaland. The area spans from Ondo state to Edo state in southwest Nigeria. The Akokos as a subgroup make up 20.3% of the population of Ondo state. Out of the present ...

Edo state Edo, commonly known as Edo State, is a state located in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. As of 2006 National population census, the state was ranked as the 24th populated state (3,233,366) in Nigeria, However there was controversy ...

. ** Proposed state: Yoruba Nation OduduwaStar Flag

Republic of Oduduwa ** Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization ** Civic Organizations: Ilana Omo Oodua, Nigerian Indigenous Nationalities Alliance for Self-Determination(NINAS) ** Movement Leaders: Professor

Stephen Adebanji Akintoye Stephen Adebanji Akintoye, also known as S. Banji Akintoye (born 1935), is a Nigerian-born academic, historian and writer. He attended Christ's School Ado Ekiti, Nigeria from 1951–1955, and studied history at the University College (Overseas Co ...

, Sunday Igboho ** O'odua Grand Alliance for Independence & Oodua People's Congress Ogafi.org ** Status: Constitutional Force Majeure Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic

Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic

Niger Delta The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical ...

*Ethnic group: Urhobo, Isoko,

Itsekiri The Itsekiri (also called the Isekiri, ''iJekri'', ''Itsekri'', ''Ishekiri'', or Itsekhiri) are one of the Yoruboid subgroup of Nigeria's Niger Delta area, Delta State. The Itsekiris presently number 2.7 million people and live mainly in the Wa ...

Ukwuani The Ukwuani people (also called Ndokwa people are a subgroup of the Igbo people located in the southern part of Nigeria in the western part of the Niger Delta and other areas. Origin Their origin is debated, with the narrative being that they ...

Edo Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...

, Esan,

, Kalabari and many more. **Proposition :Autonomous regionalism: Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic

Niger Delta Republic This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three ...

was declared in February 1965 by Isaac Adaka Boro, but failed to be established and remains an inspiration if not an aspiration. **Movement: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) formed in 2006 for the self-determination of the people of the Niger Delta **Militant groups:

Niger Delta Avengers The Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) is a militant group in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The group publicly announced their existence in March 2016. The NDA is known for attacking oil-producing facilities in the deltas, causing the shutdown of oil ...

Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate The Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate (NDGJM) is a militant group operating in Nigeria's Niger Delta region. The group was founded on August 2, 2016 in Delta State and is composed mainly of ethnic Urhobos, and a fairly large number of member ...

Niger Delta Vigilante The Niger Delta Vigilante (abbreviated NDV) is an armed militia group in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The NDV is led by Ateke Tom. The group is composed primarily by ethnic Ijaws from in and around Port Harcourt and their main goal is cont ...

Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force The Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) is one of the largest armed groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and is composed primarily of members of the region's largest ethnic group—the Ijaw people. The group was founded in 2004 in ...

(NDPVF), and other groups **Status: Ongoing war

Arewa Arewa or Arewaland is a Hausa word which means "The North". The term is used to refer to Northern Nigeria general. The terms ' (literally "north") and ' (literally "Northern Nigeria") are used in Hausa to refer to the historic region geopolitically ...

（Northern Nigeria） *Ethnic Group: Hausa, Nupe, Fulani **Proposed State: Arewa Republic

Senegal

* Ethnic group: Diola **Proposed state: MDFC Flag

Republic of Casamance **Militant organization:

Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance The Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (french: Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance; MFDC) is the main separatist movement in the Casamance region of Senegal, founded in 1982. It was supported by Guinea-Bissau President Jo ...

Somalia

*Ethnic group: Somali,

Arabs The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Wester ...

** De facto state: ** Political organisations:

Government of Somaliland The Government of Somaliland (JSL) ( so, Dowladda Somaliland or Xukuumada Somaliland, ar, حكومة صوماليلاند) is the central government of Somaliland. The Government of Somaliland consists of legislative, executive, and judicial ...

** Militant organisation: Somaliland Armed Forces

South Africa

Volkstaat * Ethnic group:

Afrikaner Afrikaners () are a South African ethnic group descended from Free Burghers, predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th and 18th centuries.Entry: Cape Colony. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: ...

s **Proposed state: Volkstaat **Political Party: Freedom Front Plus (in parliament and member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization). Outside parliament:

National Conservative Party of South Africa The National Conservative Party of South Africa (Nasionale Konserwatiewe Party van Suid-Afrika in Afrikaans) is a nationalist political party formed on 16 April 2016 in Pretoria. Formation The party was formed on 16 April 2016 by a wide spe ...

Boerestaat Party The Boerstaat Party ( en, Boer State Party) is a Boer nationalist South African political party founded on 30 September 1986 by Robert van Tonder. It was never officially registered as a political party because it was unable to rally 500 person ...

Herstigte Nasionale Party The Herstigte Nasionale Party (Reconstituted National Party) is a List of political parties in South Africa, South African political party which was formed as a Far-right politics, far-right splinter group of the now defunct National Party (So ...

, Afrikaner Self-determination Party. **Advocacy group:

Orania Orania () is an Afrikaner separatist town founded by Afrikaners in South Africa. It is located along the Orange River in the Karoo region of the Northern Cape province. The town is split in two halves by the R369 road, and is from Cape Tow ...

Movement **Status:

Accord on Afrikaner self-determination The Accord on Afrikaner self-determination is a South African political accord that recognises the right of the Afrikaner people on self-determination.

South Africa municipalities Cape Republic

Cape Republic / Cape of Good Hope * Linguistic group: Afrikaans speakers,

English Speakers English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...

, isiXhosa speakers * Ethnic groups:

Coloured Coloureds ( af, Kleurlinge or , ) refers to members of multiracial ethnic communities in Southern Africa who may have ancestry from more than one of the various populations inhabiting the region, including African, European, and Asian. South ...

South African English South African English (SAfrE, SAfrEng, SAE, en-ZA) is the set of English language dialects native to South Africans. History British settlers first arrived in the South African region in 1795, when they established a military holding op ...

, Xhosa **Proposed State:

Western Cape The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of , and the third most populous, with an estimated 7 million inhabitants in 2020 ...

(Cape Republic / Cape of Good Hope) **Political Parties:

Cape Independence Party The Cape Independence Party (CAPEXIT), previously called the Cape Party, is a political party in South Africa which seeks to use all constitutional and legal means to bring about Cape Independence, which includes the entire Western Cape, North ...

Freedom Front Plus **Civic Organisations: CapeXit Cape Independence Advocacy Group (CIAG)

Spain

;Secessionist movement * People: Canarians ** Proposed state: Republic of the Canary Islands *** Political parties (autonomist):

Coalición Canaria The Canarian Coalition ( es, Coalición Canaria, CC) is a regionalist, Canarian nationalist political party in Spain operating in the Canary Islands. The party's aim is for greater autonomy for the islands but not independence. It has been labe ...

, Partido Nacionalista Canario,

Centro Canario Nacionalista Nationalist Canarian Centre ( es, Centro Canario Nacionalista, CCN) is a political party in the Canary Islands, founded in September 1992 as Independent Canarian Centre ( es, Centro Canario Independiente, CCI) by former Canarian President Lorenzo ...

Nueva Canarias New Canaries ( es, Nueva Canarias) is a social democratic, Canarian nationalist political party representing the Canary Islands territory of Spain. The party holds Observer status in the European Free Alliance The European Free Alliance (EFA ...

*** Political parties (secessionist):

FREPIC-AWAÑAK The Popular Front of the Canary Islands ( es, Frente Popular de las Islas Canarias) or FREPIC-AWAÑAK is a marginal leftist political party seeking independence from Spain for the Canary Islands. FREPIC-AWAÑAK was formed by merging minority Can ...

Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria Canarian Nationalist Alternative ( es, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, ANC) is a Canarian left-wing nationalist political party, born in 2006 after a split of the People's Alternative for the Canary Islands (APC). Objectives The ANC seeks indep ...

Alternativa Popular Canaria Alternativa Popular Canaria (APC, es, People's Alternative for the Canary Islands) is a Canarian nationalist leftist party founded in 2002, and part of the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Canario (MLNC). Its creation was spurred by the youth or ...

Unidad del Pueblo Unidad del Pueblo ( en, Unity of the People; UP) is a Canary Islands left-wing nationalist party. Objectives UP seeks independence for the Canary Islands and building a socialist society. The party defends a leading paper of the working class in t ...

***Trade union:

Intersindical Canaria ''Intersindical Canaria'' is a left-wing nationalist trade union movement in the Canary Islands. History ''Intersindical Canaria'' was founded in 1994, through the merger of ''Confederación Autónoma Nacionalista de Canarias'' (CANC), ''Sindicato ...

*** Youth movement:

Azarug Azarug Is a leftist youth organization of the Canary Islands founded in 1992 that seeks the independence of the archipelago. It defines itself as a leftist revolutionary pro-independence organization. Its principles include anti-imperialism, ...

Sudan

* Ethnic group:

Fur Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of mammals. It consists of a combination of oily guard hair on top and thick underfur beneath. The guard hair keeps moisture from reaching the skin; the underfur acts as an insulating blanket t ...

Zaghawa Zaghawa may refer to: * Zaghawa people * Zaghawa language Zaghawa is a Saharan language spoken by the Zaghawa people of east-central Chad (in the Sahel) and northwestern Sudan (Darfur). The people who speak this language call it Beria, from ''Be ...

Masalit The Masalit (Masalit language, Masalit: ''masala/masara''; ar, ماساليت) are an ethnic group inhabiting western Sudan and eastern Chad. They speak the Masalit language Overview The Masalit primarily live in Geneina, the capital of west Darfu ...

, Tama ** Proposed state:

Darfur Darfur ( ; ar, دار فور, Dār Fūr, lit=Realm of the Fur) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju ( ar, دار داجو, Dār Dājū, links=no) while ruled by the Daju, ...

**Militant organization: Darfur Liberation Front ** Status:

War in Darfur The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups beg ...

Tanzania

*Ethnic group:

, Swahili ** Proposed state: **Political party: Civic United Front (member of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization),

Uamsho UAMSHO, popular shorthand for The Association for Islamic Mobilisation and Propagation, nicknamed The Awakening, is an Islamist separatist group legally registered in Zanzibar. Led by Farid Hadi Ahmed, Uamsho seeks independence for Zanzibar fro ...

Zambia

Barotse *Ethnic group: Lozi ** Proposed state: ** Militant organization: Barotse Royal Establishment

Zimbabwe

Matabeleland Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi r ...

*Ethnic group:

Matabele ** Proposed state: Mthwakazi ** Militant organization: Flag of the Republic of Matabeleland

Mthwakazi Liberation Front Mthwakazi is the traditional name of the proto-Ndebele people and Ndebele kingdom and is in the area of today's Zimbabwe. Mthwakazi is widely used to refer to inhabitants of Matebeleland Province in Zimbabwe. Etymology The word ''Matabele'' i ...

(M.L.F.) **Political party:

Matabeleland Freedom Party Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi r ...

**Revolutionary Movement:

Mthwakazi Republic Party Mthwakazi Republic Party is a political party in Zimbabwe. It has been described as both secessionist and restorationist, seeking to restore the Mthwakazi kingdom. History The party was founded in 2014 in Bulawayo. In 2020, the party star ...

(M.R.P)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In Africa, List Of Separatist Movements, Active Separatist Movements In Africa, Active

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Separatist Movements In Africa, Active