Sefton Park is a
public park
An urban park or metropolitan park, also known as a municipal park (North America) or a public park, public open space, or municipal gardens ( UK), is a park in cities and other incorporated places that offer recreation and green space to re ...
in south
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...
, England. The park is in a
district of the same name, located roughly within the historic bounds of the large area of
Toxteth Park. Neighbouring districts include modern-day
Toxteth
Toxteth is an inner-city area of Liverpool in the historic county of Lancashire and the ceremonial county of Merseyside.
Toxteth is located to the south of Liverpool city centre, bordered by Aigburth, Canning, Dingle, and Edge Hill.
The area w ...
,
Aigburth
Aigburth () is a suburb of Liverpool, England. Located to the south of the city, it is bordered by Dingle, Garston, Mossley Hill, and Toxteth.
Etymology
The name Aigburth comes from Old Norse ''eik'' and ''berg'', meaning ''oak-tree hill''. T ...
,
Mossley Hill
Mossley Hill is a suburb of Liverpool and a Liverpool City Council ward. Located to the south of the city, it is bordered by Aigburth, Allerton, Childwall, and Wavertree. At the 2001 Census, the population was 12,650, increasing to 13,816 a ...
,
Wavertree
Wavertree is a district of Liverpool, England. It is a ward of Liverpool City Council, and its population at the 2011 census was 14,772. Located to the south and east of the city centre, it is bordered by various districts and suburbs such as ...
and
St Michael's Hamlet.
The park is in area
and is designated by
English Heritage
English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a charity that manages over 400 historic monuments, buildings and places. These include prehistoric sites, medieval castles, Roman forts and country houses.
The charity states that i ...
at Grade I in the
Register of Historic Parks and Gardens
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register is managed by Historic England ...
.
History
The site of the park was once within the boundaries of the Royal
Deer Park of
Toxteth
Toxteth is an inner-city area of Liverpool in the historic county of Lancashire and the ceremonial county of Merseyside.
Toxteth is located to the south of Liverpool city centre, bordered by Aigburth, Canning, Dingle, and Edge Hill.
The area w ...
which became "disparked" in 1591. The land eventually came under the control of the
Earl of Sefton
Earl of Sefton was a title in the Peerage of Ireland created in 1771 for the 8th Viscount Molyneux. The Earls of Sefton held the subsidiary titles Viscount Molyneux, of Maryborough in the Queen's County (created 1628), in the Peerage of Ire ...
.
As
Toxteth
Toxteth is an inner-city area of Liverpool in the historic county of Lancashire and the ceremonial county of Merseyside.
Toxteth is located to the south of Liverpool city centre, bordered by Aigburth, Canning, Dingle, and Edge Hill.
The area w ...
rapidly grew, the green fields and woodland of Toxteth Park grew into narrow streets and courts packed by tiny uninhabitable houses where the air was stagnant, there was little or no sanitation and running water consisted of one tap in the middle of the court. At the same time there was demand for large aristocratic mansions in the South of Liverpool. In 1862 the
Borough Council
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
History
In the Middle Ag ...
Engineer recommended a site for this development. The Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) Act 1864
permitted corporations to borrow sums of money of up to half a million pounds to be repaid over thirty years. This allowed steps to be taken towards the purchase of land for Sefton Park. In 1867 the Council purchased of land for the development of the park for
£250,000 from the Earl of Sefton.
Sefton Park is one of the largest in the "ribbon of Parks" originally envisaged in 1850s by the Liverpool Improvement Committee and which came eventually to include Newsham and Stanley Parks.
Even though it was recognised by politicians that clean, fresh open spaces were now regarded as necessity there was an outcry from the public that £250,000 was extravagant and wasteful. As with neighbouring Princes Park plots of land on the perimeter were sold for housing which helped in the funding of the layout of the park.
Soon after, a European competition was launched to design a grand park. 29 entries were received and the competition was won by a French
landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture. The practice of landscape architecture includes: site analysis, site inventory, site planning, land planning, planting design, grading, storm water manageme ...
Édouard André
Édouard François André (17 July 1840 – 25 October 1911) was a French horticulturalist, landscape designer, as well as a leading landscape architect of the late 19th century, famous for designing city parks and public spaces in Lithuania, ...
with work on the design also undertaken by Liverpool architect
Lewis Hornblower
Lewis Hornblower (1823–1879) was a Liverpool architect, who along with French landscape architect Édouard André was responsible for the design of Sefton Park in Liverpool.
Hornblower who had been involved with both Birkenhead Park, in Bir ...
.
The park was opened on 20 May 1872 by
Prince Arthur Prince Arthur may refer to:
* Arthur I, Duke of Brittany (1187-1203), nephew and possible heir of Richard I of England
* Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486–1502), eldest son Henry VII of England
* Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850â ...
who dedicated it "for the health and enjoyment of the townspeople".
![Sefton Park map1947](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Sefton_Park_map1947.jpg)
The Park design is based on circular, oval and marginal footpaths, framing the green spaces, with
two natural watercourses flowing into the man-made lake. Hornblower's designs for the park lodges and entrances were elaborate structures, and included
follies
''Follies'' is a Musical theater, musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and a book by James Goldman.
The plot takes place in a crumbling Broadway theater, now scheduled for demolition, previously home to a musical revue (based on t ...
, shelters and boathouses. The parkland itself included a deer park and the strong water theme was reflected by the presence of pools, waterfalls and stepping stones. The Park, its exclusive villas and ornamentation reflected the grandeur of the City during its mid Victorian period when Liverpool was the second city of the Empire.
The perimeter road's outer edge is lined with
Victorian buildings constructed to around 1890, and
Edwardian
The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history spanned the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910 and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victori ...
houses. Additional development of the park continued with the construction of the iron bridge in 1873.
The park had a gallops which led to it being nicknamed "the
Hyde Park
Hyde Park may refer to:
Places
England
* Hyde Park, London, a Royal Park in Central London
* Hyde Park, Leeds, an inner-city area of north-west Leeds
* Hyde Park, Sheffield, district of Sheffield
* Hyde Park, in Hyde, Greater Manchester
Austra ...
of the North" but was always referred to by locals as "The Jockey Sands".
A major park improvement programme was undertaken in 1983 prior to the
International Garden Festival
The International Garden Festival was a garden festival recognised by the International Association of Horticultural producers (AIPH) and the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), which was held in Liverpool, England from 2 May to 14 ...
, and in 2013 Sefton Park was granted the prestigious
Green Flag Award
The Green Flag Award is an international accreditation given to publicly accessible parks and open spaces, managed under licence from the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, a UK Government department, by Keep Britain Tidy, ...
for high standards.
Sporting uses
Sefton Park Cricket Club
Sefton Park Cricket Club in south Liverpool, England was formed as Sefton Cricket Club in 1860. As well as being used for Sefton's senior, women's and junior teams' home fixtures, the club hosts Lancashire age group and junior sides, Liverpool C ...
moved their ground to the park in 1876 and
W. G. Grace
William Gilbert Grace (18 July 1848 – 23 October 1915) was an English amateur cricketer who was important in the development of the sport and is widely considered one of its greatest players. He played first-class cricket for a record-equal ...
was amongst the three
Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire ( abbreviated Glos) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gl ...
players who made up a "South of England" team who won there in 1877. The park also has
tennis court
A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. The same surface can be used to play both doubles and singles matches. A variety of surfaces can be u ...
s, a
bowling green
A bowling green is a finely laid, close-mown and rolled stretch of turf for playing the game of bowls.
Before 1830, when Edwin Beard Budding of Thrupp, near Stroud, UK, invented the lawnmower, lawns were often kept cropped by grazing sheep ...
, and a popular jogging circuit. It is also used every November to hold the
European Cross Country Championships
The European Cross Country Championships is an annual international cross country running competition. Organised by the European Athletic Association, it is the area championships for the region and is held in December each year. The championships ...
trial races for
the British team, and makes up part of the route of various annual road races including the
Liverpool Half Marathon
The Liverpool Half Marathon is a British annual road running event held on the streets of Liverpool. It has previously been sponsored by Vitality and Mizuno Corporation.
Overview
The course generally starts in Liverpool city centre, the city c ...
,
Rock & Roll Marathon and Spring 10k.
Entertainment uses
The park has also been a site for
Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra
Royal Liverpool Philharmonic is a music organisation based in Liverpool, England, that manages a professional symphony orchestra, a concert venue, and extensive programmes of learning through music. Its orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmon ...
's summer pops season,
Africa Oyé
Africa Oyé Festival is the largest celebration of live African music in the UK. Originally a smaller, multi-venue event, Oyé now attracts over fifty thousand people every June to Liverpool's Sefton Park.[Moscow State Circus
The title Moscow State Circus is used for a variety of circuses. Most commonly, it refers to one of the two circus buildings in Moscow, the " Circus Nikulin" (the old circus, featuring animal acts) and the "Bolshoi Circus" (the new circus, feat ...]
. Bands have also played at the park in the '80s such as
Echo and the Bunnymen.
Restoration
In 2005 the park received provisional approval for a major £5 million Heritage Lottery funded renovation project which involves the refurbishment and improvement of many of the park's features. The work began in June 2007 was expected to be completed in summer 2009. This work was very controversial with some regular users of the park as it included destroying trees and breeding sites of birds.
The work led to the formation of the "Friends of Sefton Park" campaigns.
Notable features of the park
Palm House
![Sefton Park Palm House, Liverpool, England-26Dec2009](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool%2C_England-26Dec2009.jpg)
This is a
Grade II*
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
three-tier dome conservatory
palm house designed and built by MacKenzie and Moncur of
Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
which opened in 1896.
Liverpool millionaire
Henry Yates Thompson
Henry Yates Thompson (15 December 1838 – 8 July 1928) was a British newspaper proprietor and collector of illuminated manuscripts.
Life and career
Yates Thompson was the eldest of five sons born to Samuel Henry Thompson, a banker from a lead ...
(the great nephew of the founder of
Princes Park) gifted £10,000 to the city to fund the construction.
It was designed in the tradition of
Joseph Paxton
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...
's glass houses and was stocked originally with a rich collection of exotic plants.
During the
Liverpool Blitz
The Liverpool Blitz was the heavy and sustained bombing of the English city of Liverpool and its surrounding area, during the Second World War by the German ''Luftwaffe''.
Liverpool was the most heavily bombed area of the country, outside Lo ...
of May 1941 a bomb fell nearby and shattered the glass. It was reglazed in 1950 at a cost of £6,163 with costs covered by War Restoration funds. A period of decline and deterioration culminated in its closure in the 1980s on grounds of safety.
In June 1992, a public meeting was held highlighting the dereliction and calling for restoration. A petition was presented to the City Council by what had become the "Save the Palm House" campaign. A public fund raising campaign was established, with a "sponsor a pane" programme generating over £35,000. This led directly to the conversion of Save the Palm House into a registered charity (Friends of Sefton Park Palm House). Among the supporters of the project were Liverpool jazz singer
George Melly
Alan George Heywood Melly (17 August 1926 – 5 July 2007) was an English jazz and blues singer, critic, writer, and lecturer. From 1965 to 1973 he was a film and television critic for ''The Observer''; he also lectured on art history, with an ...
and actress
Margi Clarke
Margi Clarke (born 25 May 1954) is an English actress and radio and television presenter. She had a leading role in the film ''Letter to Brezhnev'' (1985), a low-budget film which had an international release. Later, Clarke played Jackie Dobbs ...
; Melly described it as "the magical palace of my childhood" and "a fairy castle". The Palm House was partially repaired and reopened in 1993. It was fully restored at a cost of £3.5 million with Heritage Lottery and European funding and reopened in September 2001. It is now both a popular visitor attraction offering free and paid-for public entertainment and is venue for hire.
The eight 'corners' of the Palm House are marked by statues by the French sculptor
Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud
Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud (; 29 January 1858 – 5 February 1919) was a French sculptor. He created several notable works in France and in England, where he lived for 15 years.
Early life
Chavalliaud (sometimes spelt Chavaillaud) was born in Reim ...
. These include explorers
Captain Cook
James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...
,
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus
* lij, Cristoffa C(or)ombo
* es, link=no, Cristóbal Colón
* pt, Cristóvão Colombo
* ca, Cristòfor (or )
* la, Christophorus Columbus. (; born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was a ...
, navigators
Gerardus Mercator
Gerardus Mercator (; 5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a 16th-century geographer, cosmographer and Cartography, cartographer from the County of Flanders. He is most renowned for creating the Mercator 1569 world map, 1569 world map based on ...
and
Henry the Navigator
''Dom'' Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator ( pt, Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15t ...
,
botanists
This is a list of botanists who have Wikipedia articles, in alphabetical order by surname. The List of botanists by author abbreviation is mostly a list of plant taxonomists because an author receives a standard abbreviation only when that auth ...
and explorers
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
,
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
and
John Parkinson and landscape architect
Andre le Notre. Inside the Palm House are two sculptures by
Benjamin Edward Spence "Highland Mary" and "The Angel's Whisper".
File:Columbus Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147384).jpg , alt=Statue of Christopher Columbus , Christopher Columbus
File:Captain Cook Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147390).jpg , alt=Statue of Captain James Cook , Captain James Cook
File:Mercator Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147389).jpg , alt=Statue of Gerardus Mercator , Gerardus Mercator
File:Prince Henry The Navigator Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147383).jpg , alt=Statue of Henry The Navigator , Henry the Navigator
File:Darwin Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147386).jpg , alt=Statue of Charles Darwin , Charles Darwin
File:Linnaeus Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147387).jpg , alt=Statue of Carl Linnaeus , Carl Linnaeus
File:John Parkinson Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147380).jpg , alt=Statue of John Parkinson , John Parkinson
File:Andre Le Notre Statue, Sefton Park, Liverpool (geograph 3147391).jpg , alt=Statue of Andre le Notre , Andre le Notre
The grounds of the Palm House feature a statue of
Peter Pan
Peter Pan is a fictional character created by List of Scottish novelists, Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie. A free-spirited and mischievous young boy who can fly and Puer aeternus, never grows up, Peter Pan spends his never-ending ...
which was one of the last works by the British sculptor Sir
George Frampton
Sir George James Frampton, (18 June 1860 – 21 May 1928) was a British sculptor. He was a leading member of the New Sculpture movement in his early career when he created sculptures with elements of Art Nouveau and Symbolism, often combinin ...
.
This is Grade II listed and is a replica of a similar statue given as a gift for the visiting public to
Kensington Gardens
Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Palace, are among the Royal Parks of London. The gardens are shared by the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and sit immediately to the west of Hyde P ...
by author
J.M. Barrie
Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, (; 9 May 1860 19 June 1937) was a Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered as the creator of Peter Pan. He was born and educated in Scotland and then moved to London, where he wrote several succe ...
.
The statue was donated to the park by George Audley in 1928 and was unveiled in the presence of Barrie. It originally sat in Sefton Park but was damaged in the 1990s. It was restored at Liverpool's
Conservation Centre, and returned to the more secure location of the Palm House's grounds in December 2005.
Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain and Anteros statue
![Eros Statue and Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, Liverpool (geograph 3147394)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Eros_Statue_and_Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain%2C_Liverpool_%28geograph_3147394%29.jpg)
This is Grade II listed and situated in the centre of the Park next to the café and former site of the aviary. The fountain, made from bronze and aluminium, was unveiled in 1932 and is a replica of the
Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain
The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, popularly known as Eros, is a fountain surmounted by a winged statue of Anteros, located at the southeastern side of Piccadilly Circus in London, England. Moved after the Second World War from its original pos ...
created by Sir
Alfred Gilbert
Sir Alfred Gilbert (12 August 18544 November 1934) was an English sculptor. He was born in London and studied sculpture under Joseph Boehm, Matthew Noble, Édouard Lantéri and Pierre-Jules Cavelier. His first work of importance was ''The Kis ...
in London's
Piccadilly Circus. It was restored in 2008 with a new aluminium
Anteros statue
[Like the original in Piccadilly, the statue is commonly but incorrectly referred to as "Eros".]
''Eros statue returns to city park''
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
, 17 September 2008) replacing the original which was residing in Liverpool's Conservation Centre before the centre closed to the public.
The principal entrance to the Park, opposite Lodge Lane, is the location of the
memorial. This is in the form of a tall granite
, which stands at the head of an avenue leading to the park’s central plaza, where the Shaftesbury fountain and central cafe stand, and where the aviary once stood.
The obelisk is mounted on a plinth with two (now non-functioning)
s either side (N&S); above each is the legend "''Whosoever drinketh of this water  shall thirst again. But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give them shall never thirst''", taken from
. Above the fountains on each side of the plinth are four bronze plaques representing Smith's life and work. The front plaque (W) bears an image of Samuel Smith in high relief; and the two sides (N&S) have images of Christian charity, and the rear (E) plaque bears an inscription detailing his biography, and underneath "''Them that honour Me, I will honour''". The plaque also states that the monument was raised by public subscription.
.