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A barquentine or schooner barque (alternatively "barkentine" or "schooner bark") is a
While a full-rigged ship is square-rigged on all three masts, and the barque is square-rigged except for the mizzen-mast, the barquentine extends the principle by making only the foremast square-rigged. The advantages of a smaller crew, good performance before the wind and the ability to sail relatively close to the wind while carrying plenty of cargo made it a popular rig at the end of the nineteenth century.
Today, barquentines are popular with modern
* ''City of New York'', an arctic sailing ship.
* , a sail training ship that capsized and sank on 17 February 2010.
* of Indonesian Navy, launched and commissioned in 1953, a well-known tall ship used for cadet training and ambassador of the sea, sails around the world and visits many countries.
* , commanded by Ernest Shackleton and crushed by ice in the Weddell Sea during the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–17.
* , a sail training ship of the Chilean Navy.
* ''Gazela Primeiro'' of 1901.
* '' Juan Sebastián de Elcano''
* , a sail training ship based in Fremantle, Australia.
* of 1932, Belgian training ship.
* launched 1989.
* Polish-built ''Pogoria'' class sail training ships: STS '' Pogoria'', STV ''Kaliakra'', and .
* Many smaller ships of the late nineteenth century Royal Navy were rigged as barquentines, including the s.
* '' Southern Swan'', tall ship from 1922 re-rigged as a barquentine from its original rigging as a
sail
A sail is a tensile structure—which is made from fabric or other membrane materials—that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles. Sails may ...
ing vessel with three or more masts; with a square rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged main, mizzen and any other masts.
Modern barquentine sailing rig
While a full-rigged ship is square-rigged on all three masts, and the barque is square-rigged except for the mizzen-mast, the barquentine extends the principle by making only the foremast square-rigged. The advantages of a smaller crew, good performance before the wind and the ability to sail relatively close to the wind while carrying plenty of cargo made it a popular rig at the end of the nineteenth century.
Today, barquentines are popular with modern tall ship
A tall ship is a large, traditionally- rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques. "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for a race or fe ...
and sail training operators as their suite of mainly fore-and-aft sails improve non-downwind performance, while their foremast of square sails offers long distance downwind speed and dramatic appearance in port.
Etymology
The term "barquentine" is seventeenth century in origin, formed from "barque" in imitation of "brigantine
A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square-rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.
Older ...
", a two-masted vessel square-rigged only on the forward mast, and apparently formed from the word brig
A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the ...
.Although in fact the term "brig" was a shortening of "brigantine", and for much of the sixteenth to eighteenth century the two terms were synonymous.
Historic and modern examples
* ''City of New York'', an arctic sailing ship.
* , a sail training ship that capsized and sank on 17 February 2010.
* of Indonesian Navy, launched and commissioned in 1953, a well-known tall ship used for cadet training and ambassador of the sea, sails around the world and visits many countries.
* , commanded by Ernest Shackleton and crushed by ice in the Weddell Sea during the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–17.
* , a sail training ship of the Chilean Navy.
* ''Gazela Primeiro'' of 1901.
* '' Juan Sebastián de Elcano''
* , a sail training ship based in Fremantle, Australia.
* of 1932, Belgian training ship.
* launched 1989.
* Polish-built ''Pogoria'' class sail training ships: STS '' Pogoria'', STV ''Kaliakra'', and .
* Many smaller ships of the late nineteenth century Royal Navy were rigged as barquentines, including the s.
* '' Southern Swan'', tall ship from 1922 re-rigged as a barquentine from its original rigging as a schooner
A schooner () is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. A common variant, the topsail schoon ...
. Sails on Sydney Harbour for cruises.
* , 1986 youth development training ship.
* ''Thor-Heyerdahl''
* , an experimental design of 1800 that could be worked entirely from the deck.
Notes
References
External links
Sailing rigs and rigging Merchant sailing ship types {{navy-stub