''Schindleria'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the family

Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxo ...

. It is native to

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

and

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

in South America.

Description

They have a semi-shrubby nature, with erect

racemes A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...

with a single floral bract and 2 minute

bracteoles In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

(a small bracts). They have bisexual (bearing both male and female reproductive organs),

Klaus Kubitzki Klaus Kubitzki (born 1933) is a German botanist. He is an Emeritus professor in the University of Hamburg, at the Herbarium Hamburgense. He is known for his work on the systematics and biogeography of the angiosperms, particularly those of the ...

, Jens G. Rohwer and Volker Bittrich (Editors)

actinomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirall ...

flowers (regular or radially symmetrical). The flowers have four

petals Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usually ...

, with usually 3 parallel veins. They many

stamens The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

(between 12 and 25), and the ovary is cylindric or ovoid (in shape), and one-carpellate (consisting of

carpels Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

). The

style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

is absent and the stigma is penicillate (tufted like an artist's brush). It has utricle type of fruit (like a small bladder). The pollen grains are similar in form to those of members of the

Chenopodioideae The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included - together with other subfamilies - in family Chenopodiaceae in the Cronquist ...

family (including

Amaranthus ''Amaranthus'' is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants collectively known as amaranths. Some amaranth species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals, and ornamental plants. Catkin-like cymes of densely pac ...

and

Celosia ''Celosia'' ( ) is a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "burning", and refers to the flame-like flower heads. Species are commonl ...

). They are about 27 μms in diameter.

Known species

In 1906, when published there were 4 known species, (''S. glabra'', ''S. racemosa'', ''S. rivinoides'' and ''S. Rosea'') then 3 other species were added later up to 1952. ''S. mollis'' in 1909, ''S. weberbaueri'' in 1923 and ''S. densiflora'' (which was transferred from ''Rivina densiflora'') in 1952. Then in 1962, American botanist Joan W. Nowicke re-ordered the genus and only accepted just 2 known species, ''Schindleria densiflora'' and ''Schindleria racemosa''. Then in 2006, Jon M. Ricketson added ''Schindleria tomentosa''. There are 3 accepted species, according to

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

, * '' Schindleria densiflora'' (Kuntze) Monach. – Bolivia, Peru * ''

Schindleria racemosa ''Schindleria'' is a genus of marine fish. It was the only genus of family Schindleriidae, among the Gobioidei of order Perciformes but is now classified under the Gobiidae in the Gobiiformes. The type species is ''S. praematura'', Schindler's ...

'' (Britton ex Rusby) H.Walter – Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru * ''

Schindleria tomentosa ''Schindleria'' is a genus of marine fish. It was the only genus of family Schindleriidae, among the Gobioidei of order Perciformes but is now classified under the Gobiidae in the Gobiiformes. The type species is ''S. praematura'', Schindler's ...

'' Ricketson – Peru The type species was never named.

Taxonomy

The genus name of ''Schindleria'' is in honour of

Anton Karl Schindler Anton Karl Schindler (15 August 1879 in Bremen – 1964) was a German dentist and botanist. He studied botany at the universities of Göttingen, Strasbourg and Halle, receiving his doctorate at Erlangen in 1904. From 1905 to 1910 he conducted ...

(1879–1964), a German dentist and botanist. It was first described and published in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Vol.85 on page 24 in 1906. It was once thought to be part of the

Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unch ...

family, before moving to the Petiveriaceae family, in 1985. The genus is recognized by the

United States Department of Agriculture The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the United States federal executive departments, federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, ...

and the

Agricultural Research Service The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with ext ...

, but they do not list any known species.

References

Other sources

Field Columbian Museum The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational ...

, 1936, Fieldiana: Botany, Volume 13, Part 2, Flora of Peru * Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., Mering, S. v., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler R., Ocampo G., Ochoterena, H., Oxelman, B., Rabeler, R. K., Sanchez, A., Schlumpberger, B. O. & Uotila, P. 2015. A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45(3): 281–383

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q9074998 . Petiveriaceae Caryophyllales genera Plants described in 1906 Flora of Bolivia Flora of Peru Flora of Paraguay