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Stigma (botany)
The stigma () is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. Description The stigma, together with the style and ovary (typically called the stigma-style-ovary system) comprises the pistil, which is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma itself forms the distal portion of the style, or stylodia, and is composed of , the cells of which are receptive to pollen. These may be restricted to the apex of the style or, especially in wind pollinated species, cover a wide surface. The stigma receives pollen and it is on the stigma that the pollen grain germinates. Often sticky, the stigma is adapted in various ways to catch and trap pollen with various hairs, flaps, or sculpturings. The pollen may be captured from the air (wind-borne pollen, anemophily), from visiting insects or other animals ( biotic pollination), or in rare cases from surrounding water (hydrophily). Stigma can vary from long and sle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stigma PSFen
Stigma or plural stigmata, stigmas may refer to: * Social stigma, the disapproval of a person based on physical or behavioral characteristics that distinguish them from others Symbolism * Stigmata, bodily marks or wounds resembling the crucifixion wounds of Christ * A badge of shame, or stigma, an insignia, badge, brand, or designator of infamy or disgrace Biology * Stigma (anatomy), a small spot, mark, scar, or minute hole * Stigma (botany), part of the female reproductive part of a flower * Pterostigma, a cell in the outer wing of insects Writing * Stigma (letter), a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau (ϛ), also used as the Greek numeral 6 Arts, entertainment and media Books * '' Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity'', a 1963 book written by Erving Goffman * ''Stigma'', a Japanese manga story by Kazuya Minekura Film and television * ''Stigma'' (1972 film), a film featuring Philip Michael Thomas * ''Stigma'' (1977 film), originally broadcast as p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mucilage
Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms. These microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion. The direction of their movement is always opposite to that of the secretion of mucilage. It is a polar glycoprotein and an exopolysaccharide. Mucilage in plants plays a role in the storage of water and food, seed germination, and thickening membranes. Cacti (and other succulents) and flax seeds are especially rich sources of mucilage. Occurrence Exopolysaccharides are the most stabilising factor for microaggregates and are widely distributed in soils. Therefore, exopolysaccharide-producing "soil algae" play a vital role in the ecology of the world's soils. The substance covers the outside of, for example, unicellular or filamentous green algae and cyanobacteria. Amongst the green algae especially, the group Volvocales are known to produce exopolysaccharides at a certain point in their life cycle. It occurs in alm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapeirousia
''Lapeirousia'' is a genus in the plant family Iridaceae. It is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, about a third of the species occurring in fynbos. Origin of the generic name The genus ''Lapeirousia'' was described by Pierre André Pourret in Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3 : 79 (1788); Bak. In FC. 6 : 88 (1896) in part; Goldblatt in Contrib. Bol. Herb. 4 : 1 (1972); Sölch & Roessl. in FSWA. 155 : 6 (1969). Chasmatocallis Foster in Contrib. Gray Herb. 127 : 40 (1939).Dyer, R. Allen, “The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”. , 1975 He named the genus in honour of his friend, the botanist Philippe-Isidore Picot de Lapeyrouse. The inconsistent spellings of that name no doubt led to the original genus name being spelt "Lapeirousia" and contributed to various subsequent misspellings of the genus in various reference sources, notably "Lapeyrousia".Chittenden, Fred J. Ed., Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening, Oxford 1951 There also has been confusion leading to u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freesia
''Freesia'' is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1886) and named after the German botanist and medical practitioner, Friedrich Freese (1795-1876). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus ''Anomatheca'' are now included in ''Freesia''. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of ''Freesia'' species. Some other species are also grown as ornamental plants. Description They are herbaceous plants which grow from a conical corm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves long, and a sparsely branched stem tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six petals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped flowers, although those formerly placed in the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gladiolus
''Gladiolus'' (from Latin, the diminutive of ''gladius'', a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural ''gladioli''). The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region.Goldblatt, P. &, J.C. Manning. ''Gladiolus'' in Southern Africa : Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. Fernwood Press, Cape Town; 1998. The genera ''Acidanthera'', ''Anomalesia'', ''Homoglossum'', and ''Oenostachys'', formerly considered distinct, are now included in ''Gladiolus''. Description Gladioli grow from round, symmetrical corms (similar to crocuses) that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics. Their stems are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved leaves, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a catap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperantha
''Hesperantha'' is a genus of cormous flowering plants in the family Iridaceae. The genus name is derived from the Greek words ''hesperos'', meaning "evening", and ''anthos'', meaning "flower". There are approximately 79 species, mostly native to southern Africa, but with four species reaching tropical Africa. All except one grow from corms. The synonym ''Schizostylis'' is widely used in British horticulture for the single rhizomatous species '' S. coccinea'', widely cultivated as a garden flower, and with numerous cultivars. Common names include scarlet river lily and crimson flag Species See also * List of plants known as lily Lily usually refers to herbaceous plants of the genus ''Lilium'', with large showy trumpet-shaped flowers. Many species are cultivated as ornamentals. Many other plants not closely related to lilies are called lilies, usually because their flowers ... References * Iridaceae genera Flora of Africa Iridaceae {{Iridaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocus
''Crocus'' (; plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of seasonal flowering plants in the family Iridaceae (iris family) comprising about 100 species of perennials growing from corms. They are low growing plants, whose flower stems remain underground, that bear relatively large white, yellow, orange or purple flowers and then become dormant after flowering. Many are cultivated for their flowers, appearing in autumn, winter, or spring. The flowers close at night and in overcast weather conditions. The crocus has been known throughout recorded history, mainly as the source of saffron. Saffron is obtained from the dried stigma of ''Crocus sativus'', an autumn-blooming species. It is valued as a spice and dyestuff, and is one of the most expensive spices in the world. Iran is the center of saffron production. Crocuses are native to woodland, scrub, and meadows from sea level to alpine tundra from the Mediterranean, through North Africa, central and southern Europe, the islands of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraea
''Moraea'', the Cape tulips, is a genus of plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1758. The group is widespread across Africa, the Mediterranean, and central and southwestern Asia. The genus name is a tribute to the English botanist Robert More. Moraeas have iris-like flowers. The corms of some species have been used as food, however they are usually small and some species are unpleasant, and some are poisonous. Some ''Moraea'' species are: * ''Moraea albiflora'' G. J. Lewis, Goldblatt * ''Moraea algoensis'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea amissa'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea angulata'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea angusta'' Thunberg, Ker Gawler * ''Moraea anomala'' J. G. Lewis * ''Moraea aristata'' (D. Delaroche) Ascherson & Graebner * ''Moraea aspera'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea atropunctata'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea australis'' (Goldblatt) Goldblatt * ''Moraea autumnalis'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea barkerae'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea barnardiella'' Goldblatt * ''Moraea barnardii'' L. Bolus * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pardanthopsis
''Iris'' is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, ''iris'' is also widely used as a common name for all ''Iris'' species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is 'flags', while the plants of the subgenus '' Scorpiris'' are widely known as 'junos', particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower. The often-segregated, monotypic genera '' Belamcanda'' (blackberry lily, ''I. domestica''), ''Hermodactylus'' (snake's head iris, ''I. tuberosa''), and ''Pardanthopsis'' (vesper iris, '' I. dichotoma'') are currently included in ''Iris''. Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper ''The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems'' as an example of linear discriminant analysis. Description Irises are perennial plants, growing from creeping rhizomes (rhizomatous irises) or, in drier climat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dietes
''Dietes'' is a genus of rhizomatous plants of the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866. Common names include wood iris, fortnight lily, African iris, Japanese iris and butterfly iris, each of which may be used differently in different regions for one or more of the six species within the genus. Most species are native to southern and central Africa, with one (''Dietes robinsoniana'') native to Lord Howe Island off the coast of Australia. A few species have become naturalized in other parts of the world. Taxonomy These plants were formerly placed in the genus ''Moraea'', but were reclassified because they are rhizomatous. Like ''Moraea'', they differ from ''Iris'' in having flowers with six free tepals that are not joined into a tube at their bases. Some references mention the species ''Dietes vegeta'' or ''D. vegeta variegata'', springing from some confusion with ''Moraea vegata'' (which grows from a corm, not a rhizome). The name ''D. vegeta'' is commonly misa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It includes a number of other well known cultivated plants, such as freesias, gladioli and crocuses. Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome. The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag. Name and history The family name is based on the genus ''Iris'', the largest and best known genus in Europe. This genus dates from 1753, when it was coined by Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus. Its name derives from the Greek goddess, Iris, who carried messages from Olympus to earth along a rainbow, whose colours were seen by Linnaeus in the multi-hued petals of many of the species. The family is current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iris (plant)
''Iris'' is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, ''iris'' is also widely used as a common name for all ''Iris'' species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is 'flags', while the plants of the subgenus '' Scorpiris'' are widely known as 'junos', particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower. The often-segregated, monotypic genera '' Belamcanda'' (blackberry lily, ''I. domestica''), '' Hermodactylus'' (snake's head iris, ''I. tuberosa''), and ''Pardanthopsis'' (vesper iris, '' I. dichotoma'') are currently included in ''Iris''. Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper ''The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems'' as an example of linear discriminant analysis. Description Irises are perennial plants, growing from creeping rhizomes (rhizomatous irises) or, in drier cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
