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The Scania 4-series
low floor Accessibility is the design of products, devices, services, vehicles, or environments so as to be usable by people with disabilities. The concept of accessible design and practice of accessible development ensures both "direct access" (i. ...
city bus and
coach Coach may refer to: Guidance/instruction * Coach (sport), a director of athletes' training and activities * Coaching, the practice of guiding an individual through a process ** Acting coach, a teacher who trains performers Transportation * Co ...
range was introduced by
Scania Scania, also known by its native name of Skåne (, ), is the southernmost of the historical provinces (''landskap'') of Sweden. Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland, the province is roughly conterminous with Skåne ...
in 1997 as a successor to the 3-series bus range. The 4-series bus range was first presented in September 1996, when the integral
low-floor Accessibility is the design of products, devices, services, vehicles, or environments so as to be usable by people with disabilities. The concept of accessible design and practice of accessible development ensures both "direct access" (i. ...
city bus OmniCity was revealed. Production of the chassis range started in second half of 1997, and by the end of 1998 all worldwide production facilities had changed from 3-series to 4-series. Unlike the 3-series, which was a range of 45 different chassis models, the 4-series is one basic chassis with different modular configurations depending on usage and customer needs. At launch there were a total of seven major configurations, presumably the F HB, K EB, K IB, L IB, L UB, N UA and N UB. These were later followed by the F HA, K UB, L IA, L UA and N UD. The first letter describing the position of the engine, and the last two letters describing areas of use. In marketing of the 4-series, Scania have generally only used the engine position (F/K/L/N), the engine displacement (9/11/12) and the series number (4), which is why we know them as F94, F114, K94, K114, K124, L94 and N94. The 4-series was superseded in 2006 by the new
Euro IV The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a seri ...
compliant bus and coach range consisting of the K-series, N-series and F-series. Some 4-series products have been available for a couple of years after this.


Type designation breakdown

;Engine location * F: chassis with longitudinal engine ahead of the front axle * K: chassis with longitudinal engine behind rearmost axle, centrally mounted * L: chassis with longitudinal engine behind rearmost axle, inclined 60° to the left * N: chassis with transverse engine behind rearmost axle, inclined 60° to the rear ;Engine series *9: DSC9/DC9 *11: DC11 *12: DSC12/DC12 ;Development code *4: 4-series ;Type of transport * E: coach, long distance, high comfort (K chassis only) * H: intercity, short to long distance, uneven surface (F chassis only) * I: intercity, short to long distance, normal comfort * U: urban, short distance, normal comfort ;Chassis adaption * A: articulated bus * B: normal bus * D: double-decker bus ;Wheel configuration * 4X2: two-axle bus * 6X2: tri-axle bus * 6X2/2: tri-axle articulated bus * 6X2*4: tri-axle bus with steered tag axle behind drive axle * 6X2/4: tri-axle bus with steered tag axle in front of drive axle (one known example, see K94UB) * 8X2:
quad-axle bus A multi-axle bus is a bus or coach that has more than the conventional two axles (known as a twin-axle bus), usually three (known as a tri-axle bus), or more rarely, four (known as a quad-axle bus). Extra axles are usually added for legal wei ...
(K IB chassis in Latin America only) ;Chassis height * E: low front and rear (N chassis only) * H: high front and rear (F chassis only) * L: low front, normal rear * N: normal front and rear ;Suspension * A: leaf-spring suspension front and air suspension rear (F HA chassis only) * B: air suspension front and rear, rigid front axle * I: air suspension front and rear, independent front suspension (K EB chassis only) * Z: leaf-spring suspension front and rear (F chassis only) ;Power code Approximation of the power rating in hp to the nearest ten.


Engines

Engines available at launch were the 9.0-litre (8974 cc) DSC9 and the 11.7-litre (11705 cc) DSC12, both being
Euro II The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a ser ...
compliant inline 6-cylinder, turbocharged and intercooled engines. The DSC9 with outputs at 220 hp (1005 Nm), 260 hp (1180 Nm) and 310 hp (1355 Nm), and the DSC12 with outputs at 360 hp (1665 Nm) and 420 hp (1950 Nm). In November 1999, Scania presented a new range of Euro III compliant truck engines, which soon became available on the buses too. The DSC9 and the DSC12 were renamed DC9 and DC12, and new power outputs were 230 hp (1100 Nm), 260 hp (1250 Nm) and 300 hp (1400 Nm) for the DC9 and 420 hp (2000 Nm) for the DC12. To fill the gap between them, they were joined by the new 10.6-litre (10641 cc) DC11 engine with power outputs at 340 hp (1600 Nm) and 380 hp (1800 Nm). The 9.0-litre engine was also available with alternative fuels. The OSC9 G01
CNG Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed of methane (CH4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of , usually in cy ...
engine had ratings of 260 hp (970 Nm), which was later tuned up to 990 Nm. It was later replaced by the OC9 with power outputs of 260 hp (1100 Nm) and 300 hp (1250 Nm). In selected markets even the
ethanol fuel Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel. It is most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline. The first production car running entirely on ethanol was t ...
ed DSI9 E01 was available, with a power output of 230 hp (1035 Nm).


Scania F94/F114

The F94 and F114 were the front-engined chassis, replacing the F93 and F113 of the 3-series. They were mainly produced in São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil and Tucumán, Argentina for the Latin American and African market.


Scania F94HA

The F94HA (''F94HA6x2NA'') was an articulated chassis with remotely mounted Voith gearbox, leaf-spring suspension on the front axle and air suspension on both drive (2nd axle) and trailer axle (3rd axle). It is known as a 'puller' artic, where no hydraulic articulation control is needed.


Scania F94HB/F114HB

The F94HB was a two-axle chassis with leaf-spring suspension. It was available with both normal chassis height (''F94HB4x2NZ'') and a higher version (''F94HB4x2HZ''). In Africa it was also available as the Scania F114 with a bigger engine.


Scania K94/K114/K124

The K94, K114 and K124 were fitted with a longitudinally rear-mounted engine, replacing the K93 and K113 of the 3-series. Initially only available as K94 and K124, the K114 became available in 2000. It could be built as a premium coach (K EB), a coach or intercity bus (K IB), or as a much rarer city bus version (K UB).


Scania K94EB/K114EB/K124EB

The K94EB, K114EB and K124EB were the only 4-series chassis with
independent front suspension Independent suspension is any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to a bump on the road) independently of the others. This is contrasted with a beam axle or deDion axle system in ...
, being the primary choice for premium coaches. They were available as two-axle (4x2), tri-axle (6x2) and tri-axle with steered tag axle (6x2*4). A normal tri-axle coach would have the full designation of K124EB6x2NI, but because of the independent front suspension it was also available as K124EB6x2LI with low front, which made it possible to have a gangway between the front wheel arches and a low driving position, making it suitable for use in double-decker coaches.


Scania K94IB/K114IB/K124IB

The K94IB, K114IB and K124IB were the standard coach and intercity bus chassis with a rigid front axle. Like the K EB type, they were available as two-axle (4x2), tri-axle (6x2) and tri-axle with steered tag axle (6x2*4), and on the Latin American market also as quad-axle (8x2). The K94IB was quite rare, as it was in may ways in direct competition with the L94IB as an intercity bus.


Scania K94UB

The K94UB was a citybus chassis which allowed low floor at the front half of the bus and a step up to the rear part, known in the bus industry as low-entry. One example of a tri-axle K94UB (K94UB6x2/4LB) was produced in 2000. In Hong Kong, the K94UB has been fitted with a Volgren CR224LD 12m double-deck bodywork and was in operation with Citybus in Hong Kong. It is equipped with a 260 hp Euro III engine and a hydraulically (ZF - RAS) steered tag axle in front of the drive axle. It was retired on 3 July 2019.
Westbus Westbus was an Australian bus and coach operator that operated bus services in Western Sydney from 1955 until October 2013. Founded by the Bosnjak family, it later became a subsidiary of National Express and later ComfortDelGro Cabcharge (now ...
( Sydney), Australia received a batch of Volgren CR228L bodied K94UB with Brazilian-made chassis.


Scania L94

The L94-series was a longitudinal inclined rear-engined simple coach, intercity and city bus series, and was a direct replacement for the L113. It has been used widely in
Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Swe ...
, the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
,
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
and Australia. In
Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
and
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
it was also quite popular with companies such as Bus Éireann, Ulsterbus and
Metro Metro, short for metropolitan, may refer to: Geography * Metro (city), a city in Indonesia * A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center Public transport * Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urb ...
. When Scania presented the successor to the 4-series, the inclined engine was dropped, so the L94 was superseded by the K-series.


Scania L94IA

The L94IA (''L94IA6x2/2NB'') was an articulated normal-floor intercity bus chassis and was only available in Latin America.


Scania L94IB

The L94IB was the general intercity bus and simple coach chassis. It was most common as a two-axle (''L94IB4x2NB''), but was also available as a tri-axle (''L94IB6x2NB'', ''L94IB6x2*4NB''). The L94IB was the basis for the first generation of the OmniLine integral intercity bus available in some left-hand drive markets.


Scania L94UA

The L94UA (''L94UA6x2/2LB'') was an articulated low entry city bus chassis, which had low floor in the front part of the bus and then a step up to the rear part. It was available from around 2001 as an alternative to the full low-floor N94UA, and was also the basis for the first generation of the articulated version of the OmniLink integral citybus.


Scania L94UB

The L94UB was the versatile citybus chassis when a full low floor was not required, as it like the L94UA was a low-entry configuration. Available both as two-axle (''L94UB4x2LB'') and tri-axle (''L94UB6x2LB'', ''L94UB6x2*4LB''). It was also the basis for the first generation of OmniLink, which was launched in 1998.


Scania N94

The N94 had a transverse-mounted engine and a full low floor, and was a direct replacement of the N113.


Scania N94UA

The N94UA (''N94UA6x2/2EB'') articulated chassis had a low floor throughout the length of the bus, compared to the L94UA which had a step up. It was the basis for the articulated version of the OmniCity, being available on left-hand drive markets from 1997.


Scania N94UB

The N94UB (''N94UB4x2EB'') rigid two-axle chassis was first introduced as the basis for the integral OmniCity citbus in 1996, but was also available for bodywork by other manufacturers from 1997. Having a full low floor, it did not sell as well as the L94UB in the Nordic countries, where the low-entry alternative was more popular.


Scania N94UD

The N94UD (''N94UD4x2EB'') double-decker chassis became available in 2002 and was mainly built for the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
and initially it was only available with
East Lancs East Lancashire Coachbuilders Limited was a manufacturer of bus bodies and carriages founded in 1934 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. The company went into administration for a short while in August 2007, before being bought by Darwen Group ...
bodywork and sold as the OmniDekka, the first bus was built for Metrobus and delivered in early 2003.New Generation Double-Decker takes to the road as first Scania OmniDekka enters service with Metrobus
''Scania in the United Kingdom'' 30 January 2003 In 2005, Scania unveiled the double-deck OmniCity DD based on the N94UD. Plans for
Wrightbus Wrightbus is a Northern Ireland based bus manufacturer and a pioneer of the low-floor bus. The company was established in 1946 by Robert Wright and was later run by his son William Wright, until it was acquired in 2019 by British businessman ...
bodywork on the N94UD chassis were dropped after Wrightbus experienced difficulty adapting the bodywork for the chassis.


Gallery

File:G630-Route 590-Outbound 1.jpg, A
Volgren Volgren is an Australian bus and coach body manufacturer. History Volvo Buses, VolGrenda Corporation, gren was formed in 1977 by Melbourne bus operator Grenda Corporation in Dandenong, Victoria. Because Grenda held the Volvo Buses dealership i ...
body Scania L94UB in service with
Brisbane Transport Transport for Brisbane, previously called Brisbane Transport'','' is an organisational division of the Brisbane City Council, responsible through its related Council Committee for providing policy and advice to Brisbane City Council, and for de ...
at the Garden City Interchange after completing the 590 service from Toombul. File:Scania L94 Wright Solar 01.jpg, A
Wright Solar The Wright Solar is a low entry single-decker bus body that was built on Scania L94UB and Scania K UB chassis by Wrightbus between 2000 and 2011. The Wright Solar Fusion is an articulated version. Most of the buses are fitted with the same ...
-bodied Scania L94UB operated by
First Chester & The Wirral First Chester & Wirral was a British bus operator operating in the Cheshire and Merseyside regions between February 1990 and January 2013. It was a subsidiary of FirstGroup. History In February 1990, the Chester, Ellesmere Port and Rock Ferry ...
File:HippoToursL94UB.JPG, Open-top Soon Chow double-decker bodied Scania L94UB operated by HippoTours,
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
.


See also

*
Scania 4-series The Scania 4-series, is a truck model range which was introduced by Scania in 1995. It was the successor of the 3-series and it came in five engine combinations, three cabs and four chassis types. The 4-series was succeeded by the PRT-range i ...
(trucks) *
List of buses Year refers to the first year introduced. A range of years is the period the bus was manufactured. # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W ...


References


External links

* {{Scania AB, state=collapsed 4-series Double-decker buses Coaches (bus) Low-floor buses Low-entry buses Open-top buses Tri-axle buses Articulated buses Bus chassis