Savva Timofeyevich Morozov (russian: link=no, Са́вва Тимофе́евич Моро́зов, ,
Orekhovo-Zuevo, Bogorodsky Uyezd
Moskovskaya Guberniya, Russian Empire – ,
Cannes
Cannes ( , , ; oc, Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a communes of France, commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions I ...
, France) was a Russian textile magnate and philanthropist. Established by
Savva Vasilyevich Morozov
Savva Vasilyevich Morozov (24 April 1770 – 1860) was an eighteenth-century Russian entrepreneur, who founded the Morozov dynasty.
Origins
He was born a serf, his father, a fisherman having been sold by Vsevoloshsky along with other serfs, buil ...
(1770–1862), the
Morozov family was the fifth-richest in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
Biography
Savva Timofeyevich Morozov came from an
Old Believer merchant family which held the hereditary civil rank of honorary citizens (russian:
Почётные граждане). This gave him freedom from conscription, freedom from corporal punishment, and freedom from taxation (russian:
Подушный оклад). He grew up at the Morozov house at Trehsvyatitelskaya Lane 1-3c1 (russian:
Большой Трёхсвятительский переулок) on Ivanovo Hill (russian:
Ивановская горка) in the
White City (russian:
Белый город), now the
boulevards, of Moscow.
He attended the nearby
gymnasium at
Pokrovsky Gates.
His family home was the most expensive home in Moscow and its Morozov gardens (russian:
Морозовский сад) became a favourite haunt of S.
Aksakov Aksakov (russian: Аксаков) is a surname of Russian origin. The feminine version of this surname is Aksakova (russian: Аксакова). Notable people with the surname include:
*Alexander Aksakov (1832–1903), Russian author, editor, and p ...
, F.
Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (, ; rus, Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский, Fyódor Mikháylovich Dostoyévskiy, p=ˈfʲɵdər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ dəstɐˈjefskʲɪj, a=ru-Dostoevsky.ogg, links=yes; 11 November 18219 ...
, A.
Ostrovsky, L.
Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...
, and P.
Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...
.
He later studied physics and mathematics at
Moscow University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
(1885) where he wrote a study on dye and met
Mendeleev.
Beginning on 7 January 1885, at 10 o'clock in the morning, textile workers at the Morozov factories in Bogorodsk, especially Orekhovo-Zuyevo, went on strike for several weeks ().
In 1885–1887 he studied chemistry at the
University of Cambridge
, mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts.
Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge.
, established =
, other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
in the United Kingdom. While in England he studied the structure of the textile industry in Great Britain, especially in Manchester.
![Morozova Palace (Spiridonovka)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg)
Savva Morozov married his second-cousin's wife Zinaida Grigorievna, née Zimin (russian: link= no, Зинаида Григорьевна Зимина).), the third son of Savva's first cousin Vikula Eliseevich Morozov (russian: link=no, Викула Елисеевич Морозов, 1860-1921). They hosted lavish parties and balls which many distinguished Russians and Moscovites attended including
Savva Mamontov
Savva Ivanovich Mamontov (russian: Са́вва Ива́нович Ма́монтов, ; 3 October 1841 (15 October N.S.), Yalutorovsk – 6 April 1918, Moscow) was a Russian industrialist, merchant, entrepreneur and patron of the arts.
Busine ...
,
Botkin,
Feodor Chaliapin
Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin ( rus, Фёдор Ива́нович Шаля́пин, Fyodor Ivanovich Shalyapin, ˈfʲɵdər ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ʂɐˈlʲapʲɪn}; April 12, 1938) was a Russian opera singer. Possessing a deep and expressive bass v ...
,
Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...
,
Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. – 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...
,
Konstantin Stanislavski
Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski ( Alekseyev; russian: Константин Сергеевич Станиславский, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin sʲɪrˈgʲejɪvʲɪtɕ stənʲɪˈslafskʲɪj; 7 August 1938) was a seminal Russian Soviet Fe ...
,
Pyotr Boborykin
Pyotr Dmitryevich Boborykin (russian: Пётр Дми́триевич Боборы́кин; – 12 August 1921) was a Russian writer, playwright, and journalist.
Biography
Boborykin was born into the family of a landowner. He studied at Kazan ...
, and others.
Olga Knipper
Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova (russian: Ольга Леонардовна Книппер-Чехова, link=no; – 22 March 1959) was a Russian and Soviet stage actress. She was married to Anton Chekhov.
Knipper was among the 39 ori ...
recalled one of these balls: "I had to go to the ball at Morozova: I've never seen such luxury and wealth."
[
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Morozov was the largest shareholder of the ]Moscow Art Theatre
The Moscow Art Theatre (or MAT; russian: Московский Художественный академический театр (МХАТ), ''Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr'' (МHАТ)) was a theatre company in Moscow. It was f ...
(MAT) under Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko. During the summer of 1902, with participation of both Ivan Fomin
Ivan Aleksandrovich Fomin (3 February 1872 – 12 June 1936) was a Russian architect and educator. He began his career in 1899 in Moscow, working in the Art Nouveau style. After relocating to Saint Petersburg in 1905, he became an established mast ...
and Alexander Galetsky, Savva funded Schechtel's improvements to the Lianozov-owned theatre built in 1890 at Kamergersky Lane 3 in Tverskoy.[ The renovations incorporated ]Anna Golubkina
Anna Semyonovna Golubkina (russian: Анна Семёновна Голубкина; January 28, 1864 – September 7, 1927) was a Russians, Russian impressionist sculptor. As the first Russian sculptor to receive the Paris Salon prize, she is reg ...
's high-relief plaster of The Wave above the right entrance of the theatre. In 1903 he funded the electrification of the theatre with its own electrical power station, and added another small stage which is isolated from the main building to allow full rehearsals during performances on the main stage.[ All of this made the MAT the most advanced theatre in Russia.][ For the fifth and sixth seasons (1902–04), Morozov funded the entire cost of the equipment and the operating costs of the building, too.][ This new theatre had seating for 1200 (a third more than the older building) and greatly enhanced MAT's profitability. However, the rent increased for the seventh season (1904–05) and Morozov ceased paying for the leasehold and the operating cost. He would only pay back the principal for the cost of the improvements, which took 9 years.][ When Gorky's '']Summerfolk
''Summerfolk'' (russian: Дачники, translit=Dachniki) is a play by Maxim Gorky written in 1904 and first published in 1905 by Znaniye (''1904 Znaniye Anthology'', book Three), in Saint Petersburg. '' was not well received by Nemirovich-Danchenko and Stanislavski, Gorky left the theatre and Morozov followed.[
Influenced by ]Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...
, Morozov and his nephew Nikolai Pavlovich Schmidt) and of Savva's sister, Vera Vikulovna Morozova (russian: link=no, Вера Викуловна Морозова). were significant financial contributors to the Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; in , ''Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)''), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist pol ...
, including making payments to the newspaper ''Iskra
''Iskra'' ( rus, Искра, , ''the Spark'') was a political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP).
History
Due to political repression under Tsar Nicho ...
''.
According to the author Suzanne Massie
Suzanne Massie (née Rohrbach; born January 8, 1931) is an American scholar of Russian history who played an important role in the relations between Ronald Reagan and the Soviet Union in the final years of the Cold War.
In mid-May 2021, she as ...
, writing in ''Land of the Firebird'', Morozov had approached his mother and family matriarch about introducing profit-sharing
Profit sharing is various incentive plans introduced by businesses that provide direct or indirect payments to employees that depend on company's profitability in addition to employees' regular salary and bonuses. In publicly traded companies th ...
with factory workers - one of the first industrialists to propose such an idea. His mother angrily removed Savva from the family business, and one month later the apparently despondent Morozov shot himself while in the south of France. Morozov died from a gunshot wound in Cannes
Cannes ( , , ; oc, Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a communes of France, commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions I ...
, France. His death was officially ruled a suicide; however, various murder-theories exist.
Gallery
File:Moscow, Tryohsvyatitelsky 1.jpg, Morozov house at Trehsvyatitelskaya Lane 1-3c1
File:Морозовский сад. 2009 год.01.jpg, Morozov house from the garden
File:Moscow, B Tryohsvyatitelsky Lane 1-3c1 2011 2.JPG, Another view of Morozov house
File:Морозовский сад. 2009 год.02.jpg, View of the Morozov gardens from the Ukraintseva Chamber (russian: Палаты Украинцева)
File:Moscow Chekhov Art Theatre 03-2016.jpg, The Moscow Art Theatre, Kamergersky Lane 3, with exterior by Fyodor Schechtel
File:Schechtel mkhat doors.jpg, Anna Golubkina's The Wave on Kamergersky Lane above the right entrance of the Moscow Art Theatre
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Morozov, Savva
1862 births
19th-century businesspeople from the Russian Empire
1905 deaths
Russian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Philanthropists from the Russian Empire
Russian socialists
Bolshevik finance
Old Believers
Suicides by firearm in France
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
People from Orekhovo-Zuyevo
19th-century philanthropists
1905 suicides
Humanitarians from the Russian Empire