The Saulteaux (pronounced , or in imitation of the French pronunciation , also written Salteaux, Saulteau and
other variants), otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe, are a
First Nations
First Nations or first peoples may refer to:
* Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area.
Indigenous groups
*First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including:
**First Natio ...
band government
In Canada, an Indian band or band (french: bande indienne, link=no), sometimes referred to as a First Nation band (french: bande de la Première Nation, link=no) or simply a First Nation, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subjec ...
in
Ontario
Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
,
Manitoba
Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
,
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
,
Alberta
Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...
and
British Columbia
British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
,
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. They are a branch of the
Ojibwe
The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains.
According to the U.S. census, in the United States Ojibwe people are one of ...
who pushed west. They formed a mixed culture of
woodlands Woodlands may back refer to:
* Woodland, a low-density forest
Geography
Australia
* Woodlands, New South Wales
* Woodlands, Ashgrove, Queensland, a heritage-listed house associated with John Henry Pepper
* Woodlands, Marburg, Queensland, a her ...
and
plains Indigenous customs and traditions.
Ethnic classification
The Saulteaux are a branch of the
Ojibwe
The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains.
According to the U.S. census, in the United States Ojibwe people are one of ...
Nations within Canada. They are sometimes called the Anihšināpē (
Anishinaabe
The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...
). ''Saulteaux'' is a
French term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to their former location in the area of
Sault Ste. Marie. They are primarily hunters and fishers, and when still the primary dwellers of their sovereign land, they had extensive trading relations with the French, British and later Americans at that post.
Location
The Saulteaux historically were settled around
Lake Superior
Lake Superior in central North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface areaThe Caspian Sea is the largest lake, but is saline, not freshwater. and the third-largest by volume, holding 10% of the world's surface fresh wa ...
and
Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg (french: Lac Winnipeg, oj, ᐑᓂᐸᑲᒥᐠᓴᑯ˙ᑯᐣ, italics=no, Weenipagamiksaguygun) is a very large, relatively shallow lake in North America, in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Manitoba, Canada. I ...
, principally in the areas of present-day Sault Ste. Marie and
northern Michigan
Northern Michigan, also known as Northern Lower Michigan (known colloquially to residents of more southerly parts of the state and summer residents from cities such as Detroit as " Up North"), is a region of the U.S. state of Michigan. A popul ...
. Pressure from European Canadians and Americans gradually pushed the tribe westward to
Manitoba
Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
,
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
and
Alberta
Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...
, with one community in
British Columbia
British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
. Today most of the Saulteaux live in the
Interlake
Interlake was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 1979, and has formally existed since the 1981 provincial election. Previously, much of the Interlake region was include ...
District; Swan River, Duck Bay, Camperville, the southern part of Manitoba, and in Saskatchewan (Kamsack and surrounding areas). Because they were forced to move to land ill-suited for European crops, they were lucky to escape European-Canadian competition for their lands and have kept much of that assigned territory in reserves. Generally, the Saulteaux have three major divisions.
Ontario Saulteaux
The Eastern Saulteaux, better known as the Ontario Saulteaux, are located around
Rainy Lake
Rainy Lake ( French: '; Ojibwe: ') is a freshwater lake with a surface area of that straddles the border between the United States and Canada. The Rainy River issues from the west side of the lake and is harnessed to make hydroelectricity for ...
and
Lake of the Woods
Lake of the Woods (french: Lac des Bois, oj, Pikwedina Sagainan) is a lake occupying parts of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba and the U.S. state of Minnesota. Lake of the Woods is over long and wide, containing more than 14,55 ...
in
Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the ...
and southeastern
Manitoba
Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
. Many of the Ontario Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to
Treaty 3
''Treaty 3'' was an agreement entered into on October 3, 1873, by Chief Mikiseesis (Little Eagle) on behalf of the Ojibwe First Nations and Queen Victoria. The treaty involved a vast tract of Ojibwe territory, including large parts of what is ...
. Their form of ''Anishinaabemowin'' (Anishinaabe language) is sometimes called
Northwestern Ojibwa language
Northwestern Ojibwe (also known as Northern Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. Ojibwe is a member of the Algonquian language family.Gordon Jr., Raymond. 2005. ''Ethnologue: Langua ...
(ISO 639-3: OJB), or simply ''Ojibwemowin'' (Ojibwe). Today English is the first language of many members. The Ontario Saulteaux culture is descended from the
Eastern Woodland
The Eastern Woodlands is a cultural area of the indigenous people of North America. The Eastern Woodlands extended roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the eastern Great Plains, and from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico, which is now p ...
s culture.
Manitoba Saulteaux
The Central Saulteaux, better known as Manitoba Saulteaux, are found primarily in eastern and southern
Manitoba
Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
, extending west into southern
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
. During the late 18th century and early 19th century, as partners with the
Cree
The Cree ( cr, néhinaw, script=Latn, , etc.; french: link=no, Cri) are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada ...
in the
fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the mos ...
, the Saulteaux migrated northwest into the Swan River and Cumberland districts of west-central Manitoba, and into Saskatchewan along the
Assiniboine River
The Assiniboine River (''; french: Rivière Assiniboine'') is a river that runs through the prairies of Western Canada in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. It is a tributary of the Red River of the North, Red River. The Assiniboine is a typical meand ...
, as far its confluence with the Souris (Mouse) River. Once established in the area, the Saulteaux adapted some of the cultural traits of their allies, the Plains Cree and
Assiniboine
The Assiniboine or Assiniboin people ( when singular, Assiniboines / Assiniboins when plural; Ojibwe: ''Asiniibwaan'', "stone Sioux"; also in plural Assiniboine or Assiniboin), also known as the Hohe and known by the endonym Nakota (or Nakoda ...
.
Consequently, together with the Western Saulteaux, the Manitoba Saulteaux are sometimes called Plains Ojibwe. Many of the Manitoba Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to
Treaty 1
''Treaty 1'' (also known as the "Stone Fort Treaty") is an agreement established on August 3, 1871, between the Imperial Crown of Great Britain and Ireland and the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree nations. The first of a series of treaties called the ...
and
Treaty 2
''Treaty 2'' was entered in to on 21 August 1871 at Manitoba House, Rupertsland, with representatives of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. The original Anishinaabe (Chippewa and Cree), who were present, constitute ''Treaty 2'' today. It ...
. The Manitoba Saulteaux culture is a transitional one from the Eastern Woodlands culture of their Ontario Saulteaux neighbours and Plains culture of the Western Saulteaux neighbours. Often, the term ''
Bungi
Bungi (also called Bungee, Bungie, Bungay, Bangay, or the Red River Dialect) is a dialect of English with substratal influence from Scottish English, the Orcadian dialect of Scots, Norn, Scottish Gaelic, French, Cree, and Ojibwe (Saulteaux). ...
'' or ''Bungee'' (from ''bangii,'' meaning "a little bit") has been used to refer to either the Manitoba Saulteaux (who resemble the Cree in culture) or their
Métis
The Métis ( ; Canadian ) are Indigenous peoples who inhabit Canada's three Prairie Provinces, as well as parts of British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the Northern United States. They have a shared history and culture which derives ...
population (who are a little bit Anishinaabe). The language of their Métis population is described as the
Bungi language.
Western Saulteaux
The Western Saulteaux are found primarily in central
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
, but extend east into southwestern
Manitoba
Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
and west into central
Alberta
Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...
and eastern
British Columbia
British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
. They call themselves ()—an
autonym
Autonym may refer to:
* Autonym, the name used by a person to refer to themselves or their language; see Exonym and endonym
* Autonym (botany), an automatically created infrageneric or infraspecific name
See also
* Nominotypical subspecies, in zo ...
that is a general term for the Saulteaux. The neighbouring
Plains Cree call them the (), a word of related etymology. Their form of (Anishinaabe language), known as () or
Western Ojibwa language
Western Ojibwa (also known as Nakawēmowin (ᓇᐦᑲᐌᒧᐎᓐ), ''Saulteaux'', and ''Plains Ojibwa'') is a Ojibwe dialects, dialect of the Ojibwe language, a member of the Algonquian languages, Algonquian language family. It is spoken by the S ...
(ISO 639-3: OJW), is also an
Algonquian language. Like most First Nations, most members use English as the first language. Many of the Western Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to
Treaty 4
Treaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Ma ...
and
Treaty 6
Treaty 6 is the sixth of the numbered treaties that were signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 and 1877. It is one of a total of 11 numbered treaties signed between the Canadian Crown and First Nations. Specifica ...
; Saulteau First Nations in North Eastern British Columbia are a signatory to
Treaty 8
Treaty 8, which concluded with the June 21, 1899 signing by representatives of the Crown and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area, is the most comprehensive of the one of eleven Numbered Treaties. The agreement encompassed a la ...
. The Western Saulteaux culture is that of the
Plains culture.
Communities
: Population figures are as of May 2013, unless noted otherwise.
*
Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation
Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (also known as Grassy Narrows First Nation or the ''Asabiinyashkosiwagong Nitam-Anishinaabeg'' in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe First Nations band government who inhabit northern Kenora in Ontario, Canada. ...
(formerly: Grassy Narrows First Nation (Ontario))(population 1,326)
*
Berens River First Nation, Berens River, MB (population 1851 on-reserve)
*
Buffalo Point First Nation
Buffalo Point First Nation is an Ojibwa or Saulteaux First Nations located in the southeastern corner of Manitoba, along the shores of Lake of the Woods. It is bordered largely by the unorganized portion of Division No. 1, Manitoba, and also ha ...
, Buffalo Point, MB (population 110)
*
Cote First Nation
The Cote First Nation ( oj, Ininiwidooskwaning) is a Saulteaux First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in Kamsack, Saskatchewan. This Saulteaux Indian reserve, reserve is connected to the Keeseekoose First Nation and only a couple o ...
, Kamsack, SK (population 3,059)
*
Cowessess First Nation, Cowessess, SK (population 3,570) (part Cree)
*
Eagle Lake First Nation
Eagle Lake First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation
Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, mainta ...
, Migisi Sahgaigan, ON (population 458 in 2006)
*
Ebb and Flow First Nation
Ebb and Flow First Nation (Ojibwe language, Ojibwe: ''Gaa-gwekwekejiwang'') is an Anishinaabe First Nations in Canada, First Nations community in Manitoba. It is located on the eponymous Ebb and Flow Lake (Manitoba), Ebb and Flow Lake, northeast o ...
, Ebb and Flow, MB (population 2,467)
* Foothills Ojibway Society (Non-status FN),
Hinton, AB
*
Gordon First Nation
The George Gordon First Nation ( cr, ᐳᓵᑲᓇᒌᕽ ''posâkanacîhk'') is a First Nations band government located near the village of Punnichy, Saskatchewan, in Canada. The nation has an enrolled population of 3,752 people, 1,191 of whom liv ...
,
Punnichy, SK (population 3,065)
*
Iskatewizaagegan 39 Independent First Nation Shoal Lake 39 First Nation ( oj, Iskatewi-zaaga'iganiing 39) is an Ojibwa or Anishinaabe First Nation, located along the northwestern shores of Shoal Lake, Ontario.[Keeseekoose First Nation
The Keeseekoose First Nation ( oj, Giizhigoons Anishinaabeg) is a Saulteaux band government located in Kamsack, Saskatchewan. The band is named for Chief Kiishikouse (''kîšîkôns'', ''Giizhigoons'', "little sky"), who signed an adhesion to Trea ...]
, Kamsack, SK (population 2,145)
*
The Key First Nation
The Key First Nation ( oj, Baakwaang) is a band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include:
* The Key 65
* Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, shared with 32 other bands.
Chiefs
This First nation band, led by Chief ''Ow-tah ...
, Norquay, SK (population 1,114)
* Lac des Bois Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
**
Big Grassy First Nation
Big Grassy First Nation (Mishkosiminiziibiing Anishinaabeg in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation band government located in Rainy River District, Ontario near Morson, Ontario.
Together with the Ojibways of Onigam ...
, Morson, ON (population 660)
**
Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing First Nation
The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...
(Big Island), Morson, ON (population 360)
**
Northwest Angle 33 First Nation Northwest Angle 33 First Nation ( oj, Gii-zaagitoowaigamaag)Grand Council Treaty #3. “Pazaga'owin Reclaiming Our Wings: Transition to Nationhood.” Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments, Pg 13https://caid.ca/RecWing010308.pdf is an Oji ...
(population 454)
**
Northwest Angle 37 First Nation Animakee Wa Zhing 37 First Nation (formerly Northwest Angle 37 First Nation, Ojibwe language: Animikii-wajiing, meaning ''Sacred place of the Thunderbirds'') is an Anishinaabe First Nation in northwestern Ontario. It is a part of the Anishinabeg of ...
(population 338)
**
Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation
Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation, formerly but still commonly—and incorrectly—known as the Dalles First Nation and Ochiichagwe'Babigo'Ining Ojibway Nation, is an Ojibway or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation band government in Kenora District, Onta ...
, Kenora, ON
**
Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation
Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation is an Ojibwe or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation located in Kenora District, Ontario near Nestor Falls, Ontario. Together with the Big Grassy First Nation, Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation is a successor apparen ...
(population 706)
**
Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation, Kenora, ON (population 622)
*
Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation (population 522)
*
Muscowpetung First Nation
The Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation ( oj, mashkawabiidoong, In Syllabics, written as ᒪᐢᑯᐘᐲᑕᐣᐠ) is a Saulteaux band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include:
* Last Mountain Lake 80A, shared with 6 other ban ...
,
Fort Qu'Appelle SK (population 1,183)
*
Muskowekwan First Nation
Muskowekwan First Nation ( oj, Mashkawigwaning) is a Saulteaux (Ojibway) First Nation who inhabit approximately 100 km northwest of Melville, Saskatchewan, Canada. As of May, 2008, the First Nation has 1,517 registered people, of which their ...
Lestock, SK (population 1,524)
*
Naotkamegwanning First Nation Naotkamegwanning First Nation, formerly known as Whitefish Bay First Nation and known in the Ojibwe language as ''Ne-adikamegwaning'' (Of the Whitefish Point), is an Ojibwe Nation from the Treaty Three Territory a 45min drive from Kenora, Ontario a ...
(formerly: Whitefish Bay First Nation), Pawitik, ON (population 1,109)
*
Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation
O"Bash'Kaan'Da'Gaang/Washagamis Bay First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Before the signing of Treaty 3 agreement there were three Anishinabe tribes living near and around the Kenora region. The smallest was O' ...
(population 280)
*
O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation The O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation (spelt as ''Ojijaako-ziibiing'' in standardized double-vowel Ojibwe OrthographyAndy Thomas Thomas, Florence Paynter. The Significance of Creating First Nation
Traditional Names Maps. Manitoba First Nations Educat ...
(population 600)
*
O'Chiese First Nation
The O'Chiese First Nation () is a Saulteaux First Nation in Alberta, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the O'Chiese 203 Indian reserve, located approximately 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House. Also reserved is the O'Chiese Cemeter ...
, Rocky Mountain House, AB (population 963)
*
Pasqua First Nation
Pasqua First Nation ( cr, ᐸᐢᒁᐤ paskwâw) is a Saulteaux- Cree First Nation in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include:
* Last Mountain Lake 80A, shared with 6 other bands
* Pasqua 79
* Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, shared ...
,
Fort Qu'Appelle, SK (population 1,775) (part Cree)
*
Pauingassi First Nation
Pauingassi First Nation ( oj, Bawingaasi)Translate Ojibwe Online dictionary - "Pauingassihttps://www.translateojibwe.com/en/dictionary-english-ojibwe/Pauingassi/ref> is an Anishinaabe (Saulteaux/Ojibwa) First Nations in Canada, First Nation commun ...
, Pauingass, MB (population 575)
*
Pinaymootang First Nation
Pinaymootang First Nation (also spelt in Ojibwe as ''Binemoodaang'', meaning ''Partridge Crop Place'') is a First Nations people whose home location is on Fairford 50 Reserve at Fairford, Manitoba, Canada. They are situated on Hwy #6 in the Interla ...
, Fairford, MB (population 2500+)
*
Pine Creek First Nation
The Pine Creek First Nation is a Saulteaux First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the Pine Creek 66A reserve, located approximately 110 kilometres north of Dauphin along the southwestern shore of Lake Winnipegosis betwe ...
, Pine Creek MB (population 2,730)
* Poorman's Band of Cree (historical)—primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux
**
Kawacatoose First Nation
The Kawacatoose First Nation ( cr, ᑲᐚᐦᑲᑐᐢ ''kawâhkatos'')Wolvengrey, Arok, editor. Cree: Words. Regina, University of Regina Press, 2001https://itwewina.altlab.app/word/kaw%C3%A2hkatos@2//ref> is a Plains Cree First Nations band gove ...
, Raymore, SK (population 2,748)
**
Muskowekwan First Nation
Muskowekwan First Nation ( oj, Mashkawigwaning) is a Saulteaux (Ojibway) First Nation who inhabit approximately 100 km northwest of Melville, Saskatchewan, Canada. As of May, 2008, the First Nation has 1,517 registered people, of which their ...
*
Poplar River First Nation
Poplar River First Nation (Ojibwe language, Ojibwe: ''Azaadiwi-ziibing'') is an Ojibwa First Nations in Manitoba, First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. It is named after the Poplar River (Manitoba), Poplar River, which is the main river on which it re ...
, Poplar River, MB (population 1,439)
* Portage Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
**
Long Plain First Nation
The Long Plain First Nation ( oj, Gaa-ginooshkodeyaag) is an Ojibway and Dakota First Nations band government whose reserve is located in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. Its reserve lands include the Long Plain Reserve #6, the Keesh ...
, Portage la Prairie, MB (population 3,388 in 2006)
**
Sandy Bay First Nation
Sandy Bay First Ojibway Nation (Ojibwe: ''Gaa-wiikwedaawangaag'') is an Ojibway/Dakota/mixed-blood First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. As of the 2016 Canadian Census, it had a population of 2,515; while the First Nation's website reported a member ...
(formerly: White Mud Band of Saulteaux), Marius, MB (population 5,521)
**
Swan Lake First Nation
The Swan Lake First Nation ( oj, Gaa-biskigamaag, meaning ''The lake that is curved'') is a Saulteaux band government located along Swan Lake in the Pembina Valley Region of Manitoba, Canada.
Its main reserve is Swan Lake 7, which is surrounded ...
, Swan Lake, MB (population 1,206)
*
Rainy Lake Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
**
Couchiching First Nation
The Couchiching First Nation ( oj, Gojijiing Anishinaabeg) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government in the Canadian province of Ontario, who live on the Couchiching 16A and Agency 1 reserves in the Rainy River District near Fort Frances.
Hi ...
,
Fort Frances, ON (population 1,989)
**
Naicatchewenin First Nation
The Naicatchewenin First Nation, also known as the Anishinaabeg of Nagaajiwanaang and formerly known as Northwest Bay First Nation, inhabited a region in Ontario that was cited in the Northwest Angle Treaty of 1873, also known as Treaty 3. Nagaaji ...
, Devlin, ON (population 370)
**
Nigigoonsiminikaaning (Nicickousemenecaning) First Nation,
Fort Frances, ON (population 293)
**
Stanjikoming First Nation
''Mitaanjigamiing'' First Nation, formerly known as Stanjikoming First Nation, is an Ojibwe First Nation band government who inhabit north of Fort Frances, Ontario, along the shores of Stanjikoming Bay of Rainy Lake. As of November, 2011, the Firs ...
, Fort Frances, ON (population 142)
*
Rainy River Bands of Saulteaux (Historical)
**
Lac La Croix First Nation
Lac La Croix First Nation ( oj, Negwaakwaani-zaaga'igan) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government who reside in the Rainy River District of northwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Ontario-Minnesota border. It is approximately 200 km nort ...
, Fort Frances, ON (population 397)
*** Lac La Croix Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)—on Lac La Croix Indian Reserve 25D (now known as Neguagon Lake Indian Reserve 25D)
*** Sturgeon Lake Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)— as on Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C until the Reserve was delisted by the
Ontario Provincial Park Act
Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
in 1950, took this
Indian reserve
In Canada, an Indian reserve (french: réserve indienne) is specified by the '' Indian Act'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty,
that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band."
Ind ...
and made it part of
Quetico Provincial Park
Quetico Provincial Park is a large wilderness park in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, known for its excellent canoeing and fishing. The park shares its southern border with Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, which is part of the ...
.
**
Rainy River First Nations
Rainy River First Nations ( oj, Manitoo-baawidigoong)Grand Council Treaty #3. “Pazaga'owin Reclaiming Our Wings: Transition to Nationhood.” Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments, Pg 13https://caid.ca/RecWing010308.pdf is an Ojibwe Fi ...
, Manitou Rapids, ON (population 767 in 2006)
*** Hungry Hall 1 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
*** Hungry Hall 2 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
*** Little Forks Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
anada
Anada (russian: Анада; av, АнгӀада) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khidibsky Selsoviet, Tlyaratinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 49 as of 2010.
Geography
Anada is located 19 km north of Tlyarata ...
Little Forks Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
nited States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
the southern half of the former, became part of
Bois Forte Band of Chippewa
Bois Forte Band of Chippewa (Ojibwe language: ''Zagaakwaandagowininiwag'', "Men of the Thick Fir-woods"; commonly but erroneously shortened to ''Zagwaandagaawininiwag'', "Men of the Thick Boughs") are an Ojibwe Band located in northern Minnesota, ...
.
*** Long Sault 1 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
*** Long Sault 2 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
*** Manitou Rapids 1 of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
*** Manitou Rapids 2 of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)
**
Seine River First Nation
Seine River First Nation ( oj, Jiima’aaganing), previously known as the Rivière la Seine Band, is an Ojibwe First Nation reserve located roughly west of Thunder Bay, Ontario. As of November 2011, the First Nation had a total registered populati ...
, Mine Centre, ON (population 697)
*
Sagkeeng First Nation
The Sagkeeng First Nation (also known as Sagkeeng Anicinabe) is a Treaty-1 First Nation in the Eastman Region of Manitoba, Canada, that is composed of the Anishinaabe people indigenous to the area at or near the Fort Alexander Indian Reserve #3 (o ...
(formerly Fort Alexander First Nation), Fort Alexander, MB (population 6,844)
* St. Peter's Band of Cree and Saulteaux (Historical)—primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux
**
Muskoday First Nation (formerly: John Smith First Nation), Muskoday, SK (population 1,579)
**
Peguis First Nation
Peguis First Nation (formerly St. Peter's Band, oj, Oshki-ishkonigan meaning ''new reserve'') is the largest First Nations community in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of approximately 10,300 people (3,521 on reserve and 6,504 off reserve). T ...
, Peguis, MB (population 8,410)
*
Saulteau First Nations, Moberly Lake, BC (population 792 in 2006)
*
Saulteaux First Nation, Cochin, SK (population 1,157)
*
Shoal Lake 40 First Nation
Shoal Lake 40 First Nation ( oj, Iskatewi-zaaga'iganiing 40) is an Ojibway or Ontario First Nation reserve located in the Eastman Region of Manitoba and the Kenora District of Ontario. The total registered population in August 2021 was 667, of wh ...
, Shoal Lake, ON (population 542)
*
Skownan First Nation
Skownan First Nation ( oj, Ishkwaawinaaning) is a Saulteaux (Ojibwe) First Nations band government whose reserve community, Waterhen 45, is located 288 km north of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, on the south shore of Waterhen Lake, between Lak ...
(formerly: Waterhen River Band of Saulteaux), Skownan, MB (population 1,246)
*
Wabaseemoong Independent Nations Wabaseemoong Independent Nations or more fully as the Wabaseemoong Independent Nations of One Man Lake, Swan Lake and Whitedog, is an Ojibway First Nation band government who reside 120 km northwest of Kenora, Ontario and east of the Ontario-M ...
(formerly: Islington Band of Saulteaux), Whitedog, ON (1,716)
** One Man Lake Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
** Swan Lake Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
** Whitedog Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
*
Wabauskang First Nation
Wabauskang First Nation is a Saulteaux First Nation in northwestern Ontario, and is a member of the Bimose Tribal Council and the Grand Council of Treaty 3. Their reserve
Reserve or reserves may refer to:
Places
* Reserve, Kansas, a US city
* ...
(population 257)
*
Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation
Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation, commonly known as Wabigoon First Nation (Anishinaabemowin: ''Waabigoniiw Saaga'iganiiw Anishinaabeg''), is a Saulteaux First Nation band government who inhabit the Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It ...
(population 541)
*
White Bear First Nations, Carlyle, SK—Multitribal band of Plains Cree, Saulteaux, Nakota and Dakota First Nations (population 2805)
* Yellow-quill Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
**
Fishing Lake First Nation
Fishing Lake First Nation ( oj, Gichi-ginoozhewaaning) is a First Nation of the Saulteaux branch of the Ojibwe nation. Fishing Lake First Nation are Anishinabek people (original people of North America). The band can trace their origins to cen ...
**
Kinistin Saulteaux Nation
The Kinistin Saulteaux Nation ( oj, Gidishkoniganinaan )FREELANG Ojibwe-English-Ojibwe online dictionary, ''Gidishkoniganinaan - Kinistin (Reserve #91 & #91A)(SK)'https://www.freelang.net/online/ojibwe.php?lg=gb/ref> is a Saulteaux band government ...
**
Yellow Quill First Nation Yellow Quill First Nation ( oj, Ozaawiigwanong)(formerly Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government in Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserve is twenty kilometres northwest of Kelvington. The Yellow Quill First Nation is ...
(formerly: Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux)
*
Zagime Anishinabek
The Zagime Anishinabek (formerly known as the Sakimay First Nation) are a Saulteaux band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include:
* Little Bone 74B
* Minoahchak 74C
* Sakimay 74-1
* Sakimay 74-2
* Sakimay 74-3
* S ...
, Grenfell, SK (population 1,404) (formerly Sakimay First Nation, part Cree)
Notable Saulteaux
*
Adam Beach
Adam Beach (born November 11, 1972) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles as Victor Joseph in ''Smoke Signals'', Frank Fencepost in ''Dance Me Outside'', Tommy on ''Walker, Texas Ranger'', Kickin' Wing in ''Joe Dirt'', U.S. Marine C ...
, actor known for his work in ''
Flags of Our Fathers
''Flags of Our Fathers'' (2000) is a book by James Bradley with Ron Powers about his father, Navy corpsman John Bradley, and five United States Marines, who were made famous by Joe Rosenthal’s '' Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima'' photograph. Th ...
'', ''
Windtalkers
''Windtalkers'' is a 2002 American war film directed and co-produced by John Woo, starring Nicolas Cage, Adam Beach, Peter Stormare, Noah Emmerich, Mark Ruffalo, and Christian Slater. It is based on the real story of Navajo code talkers during ...
'' and ''
Arctic Air
''Arctic Air'' is a Canadian drama television series that began airing on CBC Television on January 10, 2012. The series was canceled on March 17, 2014, due to government budgetary cuts.
Synopsis
''Arctic Air'' is about a Yellowknife-based mav ...
''.
*
Phil Fontaine
Larry Phillip Fontaine, (born September 20, 1944) is an Indigenous Canadian leader. He completed his third and final term as National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations in 2009.
Early life
Fontaine, an Ojibwe, was born at the Sagkeeng Firs ...
, Former National Chief,
Assembly of First Nations
The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is an assembly of Canadian First Nations (Indian bands) represented by their chiefs. Established in 1982 and modelled on the United Nations General Assembly, it emerged from the National Indian Brotherhood, wh ...
*
, artist, critic, and curator
*
Al Hunter, Anishinaabe writer and poet
*
Wilma Pelly
Wilma Pelly (March 5, 1937 – December 28, 2020) was an Aboriginal Canadian film and television actress, best known for her roles as Elsie Tsa'Che in the CBC Television drama ''North of 60''Bob Remington, "Subtle humor helps North of 60; Char ...
, actor
*
Jennifer Podemski
Jennifer Podemski (born January 1, 1974) is a First Nations (Canadian) film and television actress and producer.
Her acting credits include starring roles in the television series '' Tin Star'', ''The Rez'', '' Riverdale'', ''Moccasin Flats'', ...
, actor
*
Tommy Prince
Thomas George Prince MM SSM (October 25, 1915 – November 25, 1977) was an Indigenous Canadian war hero and the most decorated soldier in the First Special Service Force or Devil's Brigade during World War II. He was Canada's most decorated Fi ...
, one of Canada's most decorated First Nations soldiers
*
Henry Boucha
Henry Charles Boucha ( ; born June 1, 1951) is an American former professional ice hockey center. Boucha played in both the National Hockey League (NHL) and World Hockey Association (WHA) between 1971 and 1977. In the NHL he played for the Detro ...
, Former NHL player and Olympian
References
External links
information, via Minnesota State University(Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)
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First Nations in Ontario
First Nations in Manitoba
First Nations in Saskatchewan
First Nations in Alberta
First Nations in British Columbia