The Saulteaux (pronounced , or in imitation of the French pronunciation , also written Salteaux, Saulteau and other variants), otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe, are a

First Nations First Nations or first peoples may refer to: * Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. Indigenous groups *First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including: **First Natio ...

band government In Canada, an Indian band or band (french: bande indienne, link=no), sometimes referred to as a First Nation band (french: bande de la Première Nation, link=no) or simply a First Nation, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subjec ...

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...

Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...

and

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

. They are a branch of the

Ojibwe The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains. According to the U.S. census, in the United States Ojibwe people are one of ...

who pushed west. They formed a mixed culture of

woodlands Woodlands may back refer to: * Woodland, a low-density forest Geography Australia * Woodlands, New South Wales * Woodlands, Ashgrove, Queensland, a heritage-listed house associated with John Henry Pepper * Woodlands, Marburg, Queensland, a her ...

and plains Indigenous customs and traditions.

Ethnic classification

The Saulteaux are a branch of the

Nations within Canada. They are sometimes called the Anihšināpē (

Anishinaabe The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...

). ''Saulteaux'' is a

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to their former location in the area of Sault Ste. Marie. They are primarily hunters and fishers, and when still the primary dwellers of their sovereign land, they had extensive trading relations with the French, British and later Americans at that post.

Location

The Saulteaux historically were settled around

Lake Superior Lake Superior in central North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface areaThe Caspian Sea is the largest lake, but is saline, not freshwater. and the third-largest by volume, holding 10% of the world's surface fresh wa ...

and

Lake Winnipeg Lake Winnipeg (french: Lac Winnipeg, oj, ᐑᓂᐸᑲᒥᐠᓴᑯ˙ᑯᐣ, italics=no, Weenipagamiksaguygun) is a very large, relatively shallow lake in North America, in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Manitoba, Canada. I ...

, principally in the areas of present-day Sault Ste. Marie and

northern Michigan Northern Michigan, also known as Northern Lower Michigan (known colloquially to residents of more southerly parts of the state and summer residents from cities such as Detroit as " Up North"), is a region of the U.S. state of Michigan. A popul ...

. Pressure from European Canadians and Americans gradually pushed the tribe westward to

and

, with one community in

. Today most of the Saulteaux live in the

Interlake Interlake was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 1979, and has formally existed since the 1981 provincial election. Previously, much of the Interlake region was include ...

District; Swan River, Duck Bay, Camperville, the southern part of Manitoba, and in Saskatchewan (Kamsack and surrounding areas). Because they were forced to move to land ill-suited for European crops, they were lucky to escape European-Canadian competition for their lands and have kept much of that assigned territory in reserves. Generally, the Saulteaux have three major divisions.

Ontario Saulteaux

The Eastern Saulteaux, better known as the Ontario Saulteaux, are located around

Rainy Lake Rainy Lake ( French: '; Ojibwe: ') is a freshwater lake with a surface area of that straddles the border between the United States and Canada. The Rainy River issues from the west side of the lake and is harnessed to make hydroelectricity for ...

and

Lake of the Woods Lake of the Woods (french: Lac des Bois, oj, Pikwedina Sagainan) is a lake occupying parts of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba and the U.S. state of Minnesota. Lake of the Woods is over long and wide, containing more than 14,55 ...

Northwestern Ontario Northwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the ...

and southeastern

. Many of the Ontario Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to

Treaty 3 ''Treaty 3'' was an agreement entered into on October 3, 1873, by Chief Mikiseesis (Little Eagle) on behalf of the Ojibwe First Nations and Queen Victoria. The treaty involved a vast tract of Ojibwe territory, including large parts of what is ...

. Their form of ''Anishinaabemowin'' (Anishinaabe language) is sometimes called

Northwestern Ojibwa language Northwestern Ojibwe (also known as Northern Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. Ojibwe is a member of the Algonquian language family.Gordon Jr., Raymond. 2005. ''Ethnologue: Langua ...

(ISO 639-3: OJB), or simply ''Ojibwemowin'' (Ojibwe). Today English is the first language of many members. The Ontario Saulteaux culture is descended from the

Eastern Woodland The Eastern Woodlands is a cultural area of the indigenous people of North America. The Eastern Woodlands extended roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the eastern Great Plains, and from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico, which is now pa ...

s culture.

Manitoba Saulteaux

The Central Saulteaux, better known as Manitoba Saulteaux, are found primarily in eastern and southern

, extending west into southern

. During the late 18th century and early 19th century, as partners with the

Cree The Cree ( cr, néhinaw, script=Latn, , etc.; french: link=no, Cri) are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada ...

in the

fur trade The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the mos ...

, the Saulteaux migrated northwest into the Swan River and Cumberland districts of west-central Manitoba, and into Saskatchewan along the

Assiniboine River The Assiniboine River (''; french: Rivière Assiniboine'') is a river that runs through the prairies of Western Canada in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. It is a tributary of the Red River of the North, Red River. The Assiniboine is a typical meand ...

, as far its confluence with the Souris (Mouse) River. Once established in the area, the Saulteaux adapted some of the cultural traits of their allies, the Plains Cree and

Assiniboine The Assiniboine or Assiniboin people ( when singular, Assiniboines / Assiniboins when plural; Ojibwe: ''Asiniibwaan'', "stone Sioux"; also in plural Assiniboine or Assiniboin), also known as the Hohe and known by the endonym Nakota (or Nakoda ...

. Consequently, together with the Western Saulteaux, the Manitoba Saulteaux are sometimes called Plains Ojibwe. Many of the Manitoba Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to

Treaty 1 ''Treaty 1'' (also known as the "Stone Fort Treaty") is an agreement established on August 3, 1871, between the Imperial Crown of Great Britain and Ireland and the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree nations. The first of a series of treaties called the ...

and

Treaty 2 ''Treaty 2'' was entered in to on 21 August 1871 at Manitoba House, Rupertsland, with representatives of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. The original Anishinaabe (Chippewa and Cree), who were present, constitute ''Treaty 2'' today. It ...

. The Manitoba Saulteaux culture is a transitional one from the Eastern Woodlands culture of their Ontario Saulteaux neighbours and Plains culture of the Western Saulteaux neighbours. Often, the term ''

Bungi Bungi (also called Bungee, Bungie, Bungay, Bangay, or the Red River Dialect) is a dialect of English with substratal influence from Scottish English, the Orcadian dialect of Scots, Norn, Scottish Gaelic, French, Cree, and Ojibwe (Saulteaux). ...

'' or ''Bungee'' (from ''bangii,'' meaning "a little bit") has been used to refer to either the Manitoba Saulteaux (who resemble the Cree in culture) or their

Métis The Métis ( ; Canadian ) are Indigenous peoples who inhabit Canada's three Prairie Provinces, as well as parts of British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the Northern United States. They have a shared history and culture which derives ...

population (who are a little bit Anishinaabe). The language of their Métis population is described as the Bungi language.

Western Saulteaux

The Western Saulteaux are found primarily in central

, but extend east into southwestern

and west into central

and eastern

. They call themselves ()—an

autonym Autonym may refer to: * Autonym, the name used by a person to refer to themselves or their language; see Exonym and endonym * Autonym (botany), an automatically created infrageneric or infraspecific name See also * Nominotypical subspecies, in zo ...

that is a general term for the Saulteaux. The neighbouring

Plains Cree Plains Cree may refer to: * Plains Cree language * Plains Cree people Plains Indians or Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have historically liv ...

call them the (), a word of related etymology. Their form of (Anishinaabe language), known as () or

Western Ojibwa language Western Ojibwa (also known as Nakawēmowin (ᓇᐦᑲᐌᒧᐎᓐ), ''Saulteaux'', and ''Plains Ojibwa'') is a Ojibwe dialects, dialect of the Ojibwe language, a member of the Algonquian languages, Algonquian language family. It is spoken by the S ...

(ISO 639-3: OJW), is also an Algonquian language. Like most First Nations, most members use English as the first language. Many of the Western Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to

Treaty 4 Treaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Ma ...

and

Treaty 6 Treaty 6 is the sixth of the numbered treaties that were signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 and 1877. It is one of a total of 11 numbered treaties signed between the Canadian Crown and First Nations. Specifica ...

; Saulteau First Nations in North Eastern British Columbia are a signatory to

Treaty 8 Treaty 8, which concluded with the June 21, 1899 signing by representatives of the Crown and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area, is the most comprehensive of the one of eleven Numbered Treaties. The agreement encompassed a la ...

. The Western Saulteaux culture is that of the Plains culture.

Communities

: Population figures are as of May 2013, unless noted otherwise. *

Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (also known as Grassy Narrows First Nation or the ''Asabiinyashkosiwagong Nitam-Anishinaabeg'' in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe First Nations band government who inhabit northern Kenora in Ontario, Canada. ...

(formerly: Grassy Narrows First Nation (Ontario))(population 1,326) *

Berens River First Nation Berens River First Nation ( oj, Mememwi-ziibiing) is a First Nations band government in Manitoba, Canada. The First Nation has two reserves: Berens River 13 and Pigeon River 13A, located in the boreal forest east of Lake Winnipeg. The First Natio ...

, Berens River, MB (population 1851 on-reserve) *

Buffalo Point First Nation Buffalo Point First Nation is an Ojibwa or Saulteaux First Nations located in the southeastern corner of Manitoba, along the shores of Lake of the Woods. It is bordered largely by the unorganized portion of Division No. 1, Manitoba, and also ha ...

, Buffalo Point, MB (population 110) *

Cote First Nation The Cote First Nation ( oj, Ininiwidooskwaning) is a Saulteaux First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in Kamsack, Saskatchewan. This Saulteaux Indian reserve, reserve is connected to the Keeseekoose First Nation and only a couple o ...

, Kamsack, SK (population 3,059) * Cowessess First Nation, Cowessess, SK (population 3,570) (part Cree) *

Eagle Lake First Nation Eagle Lake First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, mainta ...

, Migisi Sahgaigan, ON (population 458 in 2006) *

Ebb and Flow First Nation Ebb and Flow First Nation (Ojibwe language, Ojibwe: ''Gaa-gwekwekejiwang'') is an Anishinaabe First Nations in Canada, First Nations community in Manitoba. It is located on the eponymous Ebb and Flow Lake (Manitoba), Ebb and Flow Lake, northeast o ...

, Ebb and Flow, MB (population 2,467) * Foothills Ojibway Society (Non-status FN), Hinton, AB *

Gordon First Nation The George Gordon First Nation ( cr, ᐳᓵᑲᓇᒌᕽ ''posâkanacîhk'') is a First Nations band government located near the village of Punnichy, Saskatchewan, in Canada. The nation has an enrolled population of 3,752 people, 1,191 of whom liv ...

, Punnichy, SK (population 3,065) *

Iskatewizaagegan 39 Independent First Nation Shoal Lake 39 First Nation ( oj, Iskatewi-zaaga'iganiing 39) is an Ojibwa or Anishinaabe First Nation, located along the northwestern shores of Shoal Lake, Ontario.Keeseekoose First Nation The Keeseekoose First Nation ( oj, Giizhigoons Anishinaabeg) is a Saulteaux band government located in Kamsack, Saskatchewan. The band is named for Chief Kiishikouse (''kîšîkôns'', ''Giizhigoons'', "little sky"), who signed an adhesion to Trea ...

, Kamsack, SK (population 2,145) *

The Key First Nation The Key First Nation ( oj, Baakwaang) is a band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include: * The Key 65 * Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, shared with 32 other bands. Chiefs This First nation band, led by Chief ''Ow-tah ...

, Norquay, SK (population 1,114) * Lac des Bois Band of Saulteaux (Historical) **

Big Grassy First Nation Big Grassy First Nation (Mishkosiminiziibiing Anishinaabeg in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation band government located in Rainy River District, Ontario near Morson, Ontario. Together with the Ojibways of Onigam ...

, Morson, ON (population 660) **

Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing First Nation The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...

(Big Island), Morson, ON (population 360) **

Northwest Angle 33 First Nation Northwest Angle 33 First Nation ( oj, Gii-zaagitoowaigamaag)Grand Council Treaty #3. “Pazaga'owin Reclaiming Our Wings: Transition to Nationhood.” Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments, Pg 13https://caid.ca/RecWing010308.pdf is an Oji ...

(population 454) **

Northwest Angle 37 First Nation Animakee Wa Zhing 37 First Nation (formerly Northwest Angle 37 First Nation, Ojibwe language: Animikii-wajiing, meaning ''Sacred place of the Thunderbirds'') is an Anishinaabe First Nation in northwestern Ontario. It is a part of the Anishinabeg of ...

(population 338) **

Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation, formerly but still commonly—and incorrectly—known as the Dalles First Nation and Ochiichagwe'Babigo'Ining Ojibway Nation, is an Ojibway or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation band government in Kenora District, Ontar ...

, Kenora, ON **

Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation is an Ojibwe or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation located in Kenora District, Ontario near Nestor Falls, Ontario. Together with the Big Grassy First Nation, Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation is a successor apparen ...

(population 706) ** Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation, Kenora, ON (population 622) *

Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation The Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation, also known as Nizaatikoong (from ''Ne-azaadiikaang'' meaning "At a Point of Land Abundant with Poplars"), is a Saulteaux Ojibwe First Nation band government. The nation owns two reserves in the Thunder Bay Dist ...

(population 522) *

Muscowpetung First Nation The Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation ( oj, mashkawabiidoong, In Syllabics, written as ᒪᐢᑯᐘᐲᑕᐣᐠ) is a Saulteaux band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include: * Last Mountain Lake 80A, shared with 6 other ban ...

, Fort Qu'Appelle SK (population 1,183) *

Muskowekwan First Nation Muskowekwan First Nation ( oj, Mashkawigwaning) is a Saulteaux (Ojibway) First Nation who inhabit approximately 100 km northwest of Melville, Saskatchewan, Canada. As of May, 2008, the First Nation has 1,517 registered people, of which their ...

Lestock, SK (population 1,524) *

Naotkamegwanning First Nation Naotkamegwanning First Nation, formerly known as Whitefish Bay First Nation and known in the Ojibwe language as ''Ne-adikamegwaning'' (Of the Whitefish Point), is an Ojibwe Nation from the Treaty Three Territory a 45min drive from Kenora, Ontario a ...

(formerly: Whitefish Bay First Nation), Pawitik, ON (population 1,109) *

Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation O"Bash'Kaan'Da'Gaang/Washagamis Bay First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Before the signing of Treaty 3 agreement there were three Anishinabe tribes living near and around the Kenora region. The smallest was O' ...

(population 280) *

O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation The O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation (spelt as ''Ojijaako-ziibiing'' in standardized double-vowel Ojibwe OrthographyAndy Thomas Thomas, Florence Paynter. The Significance of Creating First Nation Traditional Names Maps. Manitoba First Nations Educat ...

(population 600) *

O'Chiese First Nation The O'Chiese First Nation () is a Saulteaux First Nation in Alberta, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the O'Chiese 203 Indian reserve, located approximately 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House. Also reserved is the O'Chiese Cemeter ...

, Rocky Mountain House, AB (population 963) *

Pasqua First Nation Pasqua First Nation ( cr, ᐸᐢᒁᐤ paskwâw) is a Saulteaux- Cree First Nation in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include: * Last Mountain Lake 80A, shared with 6 other bands * Pasqua 79 * Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, shared ...

, Fort Qu'Appelle, SK (population 1,775) (part Cree) *

Pauingassi First Nation Pauingassi First Nation ( oj, Bawingaasi)Translate Ojibwe Online dictionary - "Pauingassihttps://www.translateojibwe.com/en/dictionary-english-ojibwe/Pauingassi/ref> is an Anishinaabe (Saulteaux/Ojibwa) First Nations in Canada, First Nation commun ...

, Pauingass, MB (population 575) *

Pinaymootang First Nation Pinaymootang First Nation (also spelt in Ojibwe as ''Binemoodaang'', meaning ''Partridge Crop Place'') is a First Nations people whose home location is on Fairford 50 Reserve at Fairford, Manitoba, Canada. They are situated on Hwy #6 in the Interla ...

, Fairford, MB (population 2500+) *

Pine Creek First Nation The Pine Creek First Nation is a Saulteaux First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the Pine Creek 66A reserve, located approximately 110 kilometres north of Dauphin along the southwestern shore of Lake Winnipegosis betwe ...

, Pine Creek MB (population 2,730) * Poorman's Band of Cree (historical)—primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux **

Kawacatoose First Nation The Kawacatoose First Nation ( cr, ᑲᐚᐦᑲᑐᐢ ''kawâhkatos'')Wolvengrey, Arok, editor. Cree: Words. Regina, University of Regina Press, 2001https://itwewina.altlab.app/word/kaw%C3%A2hkatos@2//ref> is a Plains Cree First Nations band gove ...

, Raymore, SK (population 2,748) **

Poplar River First Nation Poplar River First Nation (Ojibwe language, Ojibwe: ''Azaadiwi-ziibing'') is an Ojibwa First Nations in Manitoba, First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. It is named after the Poplar River (Manitoba), Poplar River, which is the main river on which it re ...

, Poplar River, MB (population 1,439) * Portage Band of Saulteaux (Historical) **

Long Plain First Nation The Long Plain First Nation ( oj, Gaa-ginooshkodeyaag) is an Ojibway and Dakota First Nations band government whose reserve is located in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. Its reserve lands include the Long Plain Reserve #6, the Keesh ...

, Portage la Prairie, MB (population 3,388 in 2006) **

Sandy Bay First Nation Sandy Bay First Ojibway Nation (Ojibwe: ''Gaa-wiikwedaawangaag'') is an Ojibway/Dakota/mixed-blood First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. As of the 2016 Canadian Census, it had a population of 2,515; while the First Nation's website reported a member ...

(formerly: White Mud Band of Saulteaux), Marius, MB (population 5,521) **

Swan Lake First Nation The Swan Lake First Nation ( oj, Gaa-biskigamaag, meaning ''The lake that is curved'') is a Saulteaux band government located along Swan Lake in the Pembina Valley Region of Manitoba, Canada. Its main reserve is Swan Lake 7, which is surrounded ...

, Swan Lake, MB (population 1,206) * Rainy Lake Band of Saulteaux (Historical) **

Couchiching First Nation The Couchiching First Nation ( oj, Gojijiing Anishinaabeg) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government in the Canadian province of Ontario, who live on the Couchiching 16A and Agency 1 reserves in the Rainy River District near Fort Frances. Hi ...

, Fort Frances, ON (population 1,989) **

Naicatchewenin First Nation The Naicatchewenin First Nation, also known as the Anishinaabeg of Nagaajiwanaang and formerly known as Northwest Bay First Nation, inhabited a region in Ontario that was cited in the Northwest Angle Treaty of 1873, also known as Treaty 3. Nagaaji ...

, Devlin, ON (population 370) ** Nigigoonsiminikaaning (Nicickousemenecaning) First Nation, Fort Frances, ON (population 293) **

Stanjikoming First Nation ''Mitaanjigamiing'' First Nation, formerly known as Stanjikoming First Nation, is an Ojibwe First Nation band government who inhabit north of Fort Frances, Ontario, along the shores of Stanjikoming Bay of Rainy Lake. As of November, 2011, the Firs ...

, Fort Frances, ON (population 142) * Rainy River Bands of Saulteaux (Historical) **

Lac La Croix First Nation Lac La Croix First Nation ( oj, Negwaakwaani-zaaga'igan) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government who reside in the Rainy River District of northwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Ontario-Minnesota border. It is approximately 200 km nort ...

, Fort Frances, ON (population 397) *** Lac La Croix Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)—on Lac La Croix Indian Reserve 25D (now known as Neguagon Lake Indian Reserve 25D) *** Sturgeon Lake Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)— as on Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C until the Reserve was delisted by the

Ontario Provincial Park Act Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

in 1950, took this

Indian reserve In Canada, an Indian reserve (french: réserve indienne) is specified by the '' Indian Act'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." Ind ...

and made it part of

Quetico Provincial Park Quetico Provincial Park is a large wilderness park in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, known for its excellent canoeing and fishing. The park shares its southern border with Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, which is part of the ...

. **

Rainy River First Nations Rainy River First Nations ( oj, Manitoo-baawidigoong)Grand Council Treaty #3. “Pazaga'owin Reclaiming Our Wings: Transition to Nationhood.” Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments, Pg 13https://caid.ca/RecWing010308.pdf is an Ojibwe Fi ...

, Manitou Rapids, ON (population 767 in 2006) *** Hungry Hall 1 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical) *** Hungry Hall 2 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical) *** Little Forks Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)

anada Anada (russian: Анада; av, АнгӀада) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khidibsky Selsoviet, Tlyaratinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 49 as of 2010. Geography Anada is located 19 km north of Tlyarata ...

�� Little Forks Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical)

nited States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

the southern half of the former, became part of

Bois Forte Band of Chippewa Bois Forte Band of Chippewa (Ojibwe language: ''Zagaakwaandagowininiwag'', "Men of the Thick Fir-woods"; commonly but erroneously shortened to ''Zagwaandagaawininiwag'', "Men of the Thick Boughs") are an Ojibwe Band located in northern Minnesota, ...

. *** Long Sault 1 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical) *** Long Sault 2 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical) *** Manitou Rapids 1 of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical) *** Manitou Rapids 2 of Rainy River Saulteaux (Historical) **

Seine River First Nation Seine River First Nation ( oj, Jiima’aaganing), previously known as the Rivière la Seine Band, is an Ojibwe First Nation reserve located roughly west of Thunder Bay, Ontario. As of November 2011, the First Nation had a total registered populati ...

, Mine Centre, ON (population 697) *

Sagkeeng First Nation The Sagkeeng First Nation (also known as Sagkeeng Anicinabe) is a Treaty-1 First Nation in the Eastman Region of Manitoba, Canada, that is composed of the Anishinaabe people indigenous to the area at or near the Fort Alexander Indian Reserve #3 (o ...

(formerly Fort Alexander First Nation), Fort Alexander, MB (population 6,844) * St. Peter's Band of Cree and Saulteaux (Historical)—primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux ** Muskoday First Nation (formerly: John Smith First Nation), Muskoday, SK (population 1,579) **

Peguis First Nation Peguis First Nation (formerly St. Peter's Band, oj, Oshki-ishkonigan meaning ''new reserve'') is the largest First Nations community in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of approximately 10,300 people (3,521 on reserve and 6,504 off reserve). T ...

, Peguis, MB (population 8,410) * Saulteau First Nations, Moberly Lake, BC (population 792 in 2006) *

Saulteaux First Nation Saulteaux First Nation ( oj, Ginoozhe-zaaga'iganiing Nakawewag, "the Saulteaux at Jackfish Lake") is a Saulteaux Anishinaabe First Nation band government, whose reserves are located near Cochin, Saskatchewan. In February 2012, the First Nation had ...

, Cochin, SK (population 1,157) *

Shoal Lake 40 First Nation Shoal Lake 40 First Nation ( oj, Iskatewi-zaaga'iganiing 40) is an Ojibway or Ontario First Nation reserve located in the Eastman Region of Manitoba and the Kenora District of Ontario. The total registered population in August 2021 was 667, of wh ...

, Shoal Lake, ON (population 542) *

Skownan First Nation Skownan First Nation ( oj, Ishkwaawinaaning) is a Saulteaux (Ojibwe) First Nations band government whose reserve community, Waterhen 45, is located 288 km north of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, on the south shore of Waterhen Lake, between Lak ...

(formerly: Waterhen River Band of Saulteaux), Skownan, MB (population 1,246) *

Wabaseemoong Independent Nations Wabaseemoong Independent Nations or more fully as the Wabaseemoong Independent Nations of One Man Lake, Swan Lake and Whitedog, is an Ojibway First Nation band government who reside 120 km northwest of Kenora, Ontario and east of the Ontario-M ...

(formerly: Islington Band of Saulteaux), Whitedog, ON (1,716) ** One Man Lake Band of Saulteaux (Historical) ** Swan Lake Band of Saulteaux (Historical) ** Whitedog Band of Saulteaux (Historical) *

Wabauskang First Nation Wabauskang First Nation is a Saulteaux First Nation in northwestern Ontario, and is a member of the Bimose Tribal Council and the Grand Council of Treaty 3. Their reserve Reserve or reserves may refer to: Places * Reserve, Kansas, a US city * ...

(population 257) *

Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation, commonly known as Wabigoon First Nation (Anishinaabemowin: ''Waabigoniiw Saaga'iganiiw Anishinaabeg''), is a Saulteaux First Nation band government who inhabit the Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It ...

(population 541) *

White Bear First Nations The White Bear First Nations ( cr, ᐚᐱ ᒪᐢᑿ ''wâpi-maskwa'', asb, Matóska oyádeCollette, Vincent. “Nakoda Vocabulary and Phrases.” Academia.edu, November 14, 2017Link ) are a First Nation band government in southeastern Saskatche ...

, Carlyle, SK—Multitribal band of Plains Cree, Saulteaux, Nakota and Dakota First Nations (population 2805) * Yellow-quill Band of Saulteaux (Historical) **

Fishing Lake First Nation Fishing Lake First Nation ( oj, Gichi-ginoozhewaaning) is a First Nation of the Saulteaux branch of the Ojibwe nation. Fishing Lake First Nation are Anishinabek people (original people of North America). The band can trace their origins to cen ...

Kinistin Saulteaux Nation The Kinistin Saulteaux Nation ( oj, Gidishkoniganinaan )FREELANG Ojibwe-English-Ojibwe online dictionary, ''Gidishkoniganinaan - Kinistin (Reserve #91 & #91A)(SK)'https://www.freelang.net/online/ojibwe.php?lg=gb/ref> is a Saulteaux band government ...

Yellow Quill First Nation Yellow Quill First Nation ( oj, Ozaawiigwanong)(formerly Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government in Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserve is twenty kilometres northwest of Kelvington. The Yellow Quill First Nation is ...

(formerly: Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux) *

Zagime Anishinabek The Zagime Anishinabek (formerly known as the Sakimay First Nation) are a Saulteaux band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include: * Little Bone 74B * Minoahchak 74C * Sakimay 74-1 * Sakimay 74-2 * Sakimay 74-3 * S ...

, Grenfell, SK (population 1,404) (formerly Sakimay First Nation, part Cree)

Notable Saulteaux

Adam Beach Adam Beach (born November 11, 1972) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles as Victor Joseph in ''Smoke Signals'', Frank Fencepost in ''Dance Me Outside'', Tommy on ''Walker, Texas Ranger'', Kickin' Wing in ''Joe Dirt'', U.S. Marine C ...

, actor known for his work in ''

Flags of Our Fathers ''Flags of Our Fathers'' (2000) is a book by James Bradley with Ron Powers about his father, Navy corpsman John Bradley, and five United States Marines, who were made famous by Joe Rosenthal’s '' Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima'' photograph. Th ...

'', ''

Windtalkers ''Windtalkers'' is a 2002 American war film directed and co-produced by John Woo, starring Nicolas Cage, Adam Beach, Peter Stormare, Noah Emmerich, Mark Ruffalo, and Christian Slater. It is based on the real story of Navajo code talkers during ...

'' and ''

Arctic Air ''Arctic Air'' is a Canadian drama television series that began airing on CBC Television on January 10, 2012. The series was canceled on March 17, 2014, due to government budgetary cuts. Synopsis ''Arctic Air'' is about a Yellowknife-based mav ...

''. *

Phil Fontaine Larry Phillip Fontaine, (born September 20, 1944) is an Indigenous Canadian leader. He completed his third and final term as National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations in 2009. Early life Fontaine, an Ojibwe, was born at the Sagkeeng Firs ...

, Former National Chief,

Assembly of First Nations The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is an assembly of Canadian First Nations (Indian bands) represented by their chiefs. Established in 1982 and modelled on the United Nations General Assembly, it emerged from the National Indian Brotherhood, wh ...

Robert Houle Robert Houle (born 1947) is a Saulteaux First Nations Canadian artist, curator, critic,"Robert ...

, artist, critic, and curator * Al Hunter, Anishinaabe writer and poet *

Wilma Pelly Wilma Pelly (March 5, 1937 – December 28, 2020) was an Aboriginal Canadian film and television actress, best known for her roles as Elsie Tsa'Che in the CBC Television drama ''North of 60''Bob Remington, "Subtle humor helps North of 60; Char ...

, actor *

Jennifer Podemski Jennifer Podemski (born January 1, 1974) is a First Nations (Canadian) film and television actress and producer. Her acting credits include starring roles in the television series '' Tin Star'', ''The Rez'', '' Riverdale'', ''Moccasin Flats'', ...

, actor *

Tommy Prince Thomas George Prince MM SSM (October 25, 1915 – November 25, 1977) was an Indigenous Canadian war hero and the most decorated soldier in the First Special Service Force or Devil's Brigade during World War II. He was Canada's most decorated Fi ...

, one of Canada's most decorated First Nations soldiers *

Henry Boucha Henry Charles Boucha ( ; born June 1, 1951) is an American former professional ice hockey center. Boucha played in both the National Hockey League (NHL) and World Hockey Association (WHA) between 1971 and 1977. In the NHL he played for the Detro ...

, Former NHL player and Olympian

References

External links

information, via Minnesota State University

(Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre) {{authority control First Nations in Ontario First Nations in Manitoba First Nations in Saskatchewan First Nations in Alberta First Nations in British Columbia