Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to:

Chemistry

Saturated and unsaturated compounds A saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and the binding of a Lewis acids and bases, Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and classes of chemical com ...

, a classification of compounds related to their ability to resist addition reactions ** Degree of unsaturation **

Saturated fat A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds between the carbon atoms. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone, and fatty acids that each cont ...

saturated fatty acid In chemistry, in particular in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, ...

Unsaturated fat An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is Monounsaturated fat, monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated fat, polyunsaturated i ...

or unsaturated fatty acid ** Non-susceptibility of an organometallic compound to oxidative addition * Saturation of protein binding sites * Saturation of enzymes with a substrate * Saturation of a solute in a solution, as related to the solute's maximum

solubility In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a chemical substance, substance, the solute, to form a solution (chemistry), solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form su ...

at equilibrium **

Supersaturation In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution (chemistry), solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at Solubility equilibrium, equilibrium. Most commonly the term ...

, where the concentration of a solute exceeds its maximum solubility at equilibrium ** Undersaturation, where the concentration of a solute is less than its maximum solubility at equilibrium

Biology

Oxygen saturation Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is Dissolution (chemistry), dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the g ...

, a clinical measure of the amount of oxygen in a patient's blood * Saturation pollination, a pollination technique * Saturated mutagenesis, a form of site-directed mutagenesis * Saturation (genetic), the observed number of mutations relative to the maximum amount possible * Ocean saturation, more than 2.3 billion years ago: see " Great Oxygenation Event" * Environmental saturation, environmental resistance to population growth: see "

Logistic function A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve ( sigmoid curve) with the equation f(x) = \frac where The logistic function has domain the real numbers, the limit as x \to -\infty is 0, and the limit as x \to +\infty is L. ...

" and "

Carrying capacity The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. The carrying capacity is defined as the ...

Physics

* Colorfulness § Saturation, see also: " Saturation intent", a rendering intent in color management * Thermodynamic state at lower temperature bound of

superheated steam Superheated steam is steam at a temperature higher than its vaporization point at the absolute pressure where the temperature is measured. Superheated steam can therefore cool (lose internal energy) by some amount, resulting in a lowering of its ...

Saturation (magnetic) Seen in some magnetism, magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field ''H'' cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density ''B'' more or less ...

, the state when a magnetic material is fully magnetized *

Saturated fluid Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry * Saturated and unsaturated compounds, a classification of compounds related to their ability to resist addition reactions ** Degree of unsaturation ** Saturated fat or s ...

or saturated vapor, contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling or condensing **

Saturated steam Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Saturated or superheated steam is ...

Dew point The dew point is the temperature the air needs to be cooled to (at constant pressure) in order to produce a relative humidity of 100%. This temperature depends on the pressure and water content of the air. When the air at a temperature above the ...

, which is a temperature that occurs when atmospheric

relative humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, dew, or fog t ...

reaches 100% and the air is saturated with moisture * Saturated absorption, a set-up that enables the precise determination of the transition frequency of an atom between its ground state and an optically excited state

Electronics

* Saturation velocity, the maximum velocity charge carrier in a semiconductor attains in the presence of very high electric fields * Saturation, a region of operation of a *

Saturation current The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This ...

, limit of flowing current through a device

Hydrology

* Saturated zone, below the groundwater table *

Unsaturated zone The vadose zone (from the Latin word for "shallow"), also termed the unsaturated zone, is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone, the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at ...

, above the groundwater table * Soil saturation, water content in a soil

Mathematics

Saturation (commutative algebra) Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry *Saturated and unsaturated compounds, a classification of compounds related to their ability to resist addition reactions ** Degree of unsaturation ** Saturated fat or sa ...

, the inverse image of the localization of an ideal or submodule * Saturated model, a concept in mathematical logic *

Saturation arithmetic Saturation arithmetic is a version of arithmetic in which all operations, such as addition and multiplication, are limited to a fixed range between a minimum and maximum value. If the result of an operation is greater than the maximum, it is set ...

, in arithmetic, a version of arithmetic in which all operations are limited to fixed range * Saturation (graph theory), a categorization of vertices in graph theory * Saturated measure, if every locally measurable set is also measurable * Saturated multiplicatively closed sets, a concept in ring theory

Music

* " Saturation (song)", a 1997 single by Australian group The Superjesus * ''Saturation'' (Urge Overkill album), 1993 * ''Saturation'' (Vas Deferens Organization album), 1996 * ''Saturation'' (Brockhampton album), 2017 (Also see '' Saturation II'' and ''

Saturation III ''Saturation III'' (stylized in all caps) is the third studio album by American hip hop boy band Brockhampton, released on December 15, 2017. Production is predominantly handled by Romil Hemnani, alongside production duo Q3 (composed of Jabari ...

'')

Other uses

Market saturation In economics, market saturation is a situation in which a Product (business), product has become Diffusion_(business), diffused (distributed) within a Market (economics), market; the actual level of saturation can depend on consumer purchasing p ...

, in economics *

Saturation diving Saturation diving is an ambient pressure diving technique which allows a diver to remain at working depth for extended periods during which the body tissues become solubility, saturated with metabolically inert gas from the breathing gas mixture ...