Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to:

Chemistry

* Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds **

Saturated and unsaturated compounds In chemistry, a saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists the addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and binding of a Lewis acids and bases, Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and for many ...

Degree of unsaturation In the analysis of the molecular formula of organic molecules, the degree of unsaturation (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), double bond equivalents, or unsaturation index) is a calculation that determines the total number of r ...

Saturated fat A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched c ...

or fatty acid **

Unsaturated fat An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. ...

or fatty acid * Non-susceptibility of an organometallic compound to

oxidative addition Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry. Oxidative addition is a process that increases both the oxidation state and coordination number of a metal centre. Oxidat ...

* Saturation of protein

binding sites In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may inclu ...

* Saturation of enzymes with a substrate * Saturation of a solute in a solution, as related to the solute's maximum

solubility In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubil ...

at equilibrium **

Supersaturation In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liqu ...

, where the concentration of a solute exceeds its maximum solubility at equilibrium **

Undersaturation Undersaturation is a state of a solution that contains less of a dissolved material than could be dissolved by that quantity of solvent under normal circumstances. It can also refer to a vapor of a compound that has a lower (partial) pressure than ...

, where the concentration of a solute is less than its maximum solubility at equilibrium

Biology

Oxygen saturation Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature. It ca ...

, a clinical measure of the amount of oxygen in a patient's blood * Saturation pollination, a pollination technique *

Saturated mutagenesis Site saturation mutagenesis (SSM), or simply site saturation, is a random mutagenesis technique used in protein engineering, in which a single codon or set of codons is substituted with all possible amino acids at the position. There are many v ...

, a form of site-directed mutagenesis *

Saturation (genetic) Genetic saturation is the result of multiple substitutions at the same site in a sequence, or identical substitutions in different sequence, such that the apparent sequence divergence rate is lower than the actual divergence that has occurred. In ...

, the observed number of mutations relative to the maximum amount possible * Ocean saturation, more than 2.3 billion years ago: see "

Great Oxygenation Event The Great Oxidation Event (GOE), also called the Great Oxygenation Event, the Oxygen Catastrophe, the Oxygen Revolution, the Oxygen Crisis, or the Oxygen Holocaust, was a time interval during the Paleoproterozoic era when the Earth's atmosphere ...

" * Environmental saturation, environmental resistance to population growth: see "

Logistic function A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve (sigmoid curve) with equation f(x) = \frac, where For values of x in the domain of real numbers from -\infty to +\infty, the S-curve shown on the right is obtained, with the ...

" and "

Carrying capacity The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. The carrying capacity is defined as t ...

Physics

* Colorfulness § Saturation, see also: " Saturation intent", a rendering intent in color management * Thermodynamic state at lower temperature bound of

superheated steam Superheated steam is steam at a temperature higher than its vaporization point at the absolute pressure where the temperature is measured. Superheated steam can therefore cool (lose internal energy) by some amount, resulting in a lowering of its ...

Saturation (magnetic) Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field ''H'' cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density ''B'' more or less levels off ...

, the state when a magnetic material is fully magnetized *

Saturated fluid Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry * Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds ** Saturated and unsaturated compounds **Degree of unsaturation ** Saturated fat or fatty ac ...

or saturated vapor, contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling or condensing **

Saturated steam Steam is a substance containing water in the gas phase, and sometimes also an aerosol of liquid water droplets, or air. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization ...

Dew point The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor, assuming constant air pressure and water content. When cooled below the dew point, moisture capacity is reduced and airborne water vapor will cond ...

, which is a temperature that occurs when atmospheric

relative humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depe ...

reaches 100% and the air is saturated with moisture *

Saturated absorption In experimental atomic physics, saturated absorption spectroscopy or Doppler-free spectroscopy is a set-up that enables the precise determination of the transition frequency of an atom between its ground state and an optically excited state. The ac ...

, a set-up that enables the precise determination of the transition frequency of an atom between its ground state and an optically excited state

Electronics

Saturation velocity Saturation velocity is the maximum velocity a charge carrier in a semiconductor, generally an electron, attains in the presence of very high electric fields. When this happens, the semiconductor is said to be in a state of velocity saturation. Ch ...

, the maximum velocity charge carrier in a semiconductor attains in the presence of very high electric fields * Saturation, a region of operation of a *

Saturation current The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This c ...

, limit of flowing current through a device

Hydrology

Saturated zone The phreatic zone, saturated zone, or zone of saturation, is the part of an aquifer, below the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water. Above the water table is the unsaturated or vadose zone. The phre ...

, below the groundwater table *

Unsaturated zone The vadose zone, also termed the unsaturated zone, is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone, the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure ("vadose" is fr ...

, above the groundwater table *

Soil saturation Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as ...

, water content in a soil

Mathematics

Saturation (commutative algebra) Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry * Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds ** Saturated and unsaturated compounds **Degree of unsaturation ** Saturated fat or fatty ac ...

, the inverse image of the localization of an ideal or submodule *

Saturated model In mathematical logic, and particularly in its subfield model theory, a saturated model ''M'' is one that realizes as many complete types as may be "reasonably expected" given its size. For example, an ultrapower model of the hyperreals is \al ...

, a concept in mathematical logic *

Saturation arithmetic Saturation arithmetic is a version of arithmetic in which all operations, such as addition and multiplication, are limited to a fixed range between a minimum and maximum value. If the result of an operation is greater than the maximum, it is set ...

, in arithmetic, a version of arithmetic in which all operations are limited to fixed range *

Saturation (graph theory) Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry * Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds ** Saturated and unsaturated compounds **Degree of unsaturation ** Saturated fat or fatty ac ...

, a categorization of vertices in graph theory * Saturated measure, if every locally measurable set is also measurable * Saturated

multiplicatively closed set In abstract algebra, a multiplicatively closed set (or multiplicative set) is a subset ''S'' of a ring ''R'' such that the following two conditions hold: * 1 \in S, * xy \in S for all x, y \in S. In other words, ''S'' is closed under taking finite ...

s, a concept in ring theory

Music

* "

Saturation (song) "Saturation" is an alternative rock song performed by Australian band The Superjesus. The song was released in November 1997 as the second single from the band's debut studio album, ''Sumo'' (1998). The song peaked at number 42 on the Australian ...

", a 1997 single by Australian group

The Superjesus The Superjesus are an Australian rock band formed in Adelaide in late 1994. Their debut album, ''Sumo'' (February 1998), peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart, their second album, ''Jet Age'' (October 2000) reached No. 5 and their ...

* ''Saturation'' (Urge Overkill album), 1993 * ''Saturation'' (Vas Deferens Organization album), 1996 * ''Saturation'' (Brockhampton album), 2017 (Also see ''

Saturation II ''Saturation II'' (stylized in all caps) is the second studio album by American boy band Brockhampton, released on August 25, 2017. Production is primarily handled by Romil Hemnani, alongside production duo Q3 (composed of Jabari Manwa and Kiko Mer ...

'' and ''

Saturation III ''Saturation III'' (stylized in all caps) is the third studio album by American boy band Brockhampton, released on December 15, 2017. Production is predominantly handled by Romil Hemnani, alongside production duo Q3 (composed of Jabari Manwa and K ...

'')

Other uses

Market saturation In economics, market saturation is a situation in which a product has become diffused (distributed) within a market; the actual level of saturation can depend on consumer purchasing power; as well as competition, prices, and technology. Theory of ...

, in economics *

Saturation diving Saturation diving is diving for periods long enough to bring all tissues into equilibrium with the partial pressures of the inert components of the breathing gas used. It is a diving mode that reduces the number of decompressions divers working ...