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The ''satar'' ( ug, ساتار, ucy=сатар; zh, 萨它尔) is a traditional Uyghur long-necked bowed
Video. Trio playing Uyghur instruments; satar is on the far right.Video. Satar playing with drum.
Chinese musical instruments Culture in Xinjiang Uyghur musical instruments {{lute-stub
The ''satar'' ( ug, ساتار, ucy=сатар; zh, 萨它尔) is a traditional Uyghur long-necked bowed lute
A lute ( or ) is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body. It may be either fretted or unfretted.
More specifically, the term "lute" can ref ...
. It is used by Uyghur people in Xinjiang
Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...
, western China, and is an important instrument to play maqam
MAQAM is a US-based production company specializing in Arabic and Middle Eastern media. The company was established by a small group of Arabic music and culture lovers, later becoming a division of 3B Media Inc. "MAQAM" is an Arabic word meaning a ...
s.
Characteristics
The instrument is a long-necked lute, about 140 cm long, with a bowl about 16.5 cm at the widest point, about 15 cm deep. The neck is fretted with 18 tiedfret
A fret is any of the thin strips of material, usually metal wire, inserted laterally at specific positions along the neck or fretboard of a stringed instrument. Frets usually extend across the full width of the neck. On some historical instrume ...
s, which may be made of string rather that the inlaid metal frets of western instruments. The soundboard has additionally frets laid on it under the main melody string, approximately 11 or 12 frets.
The satar is strung with between 9 and 17 sympathetic string
Sympathetic strings or resonance strings are auxiliary strings found on many Indian musical instruments, as well as some Western Baroque instruments and a variety of folk instruments. They are typically not played directly by the performer (excep ...
s which are not played directly but vibrate in reaction to the melody string, in sympathetic resonance
Sympathetic resonance or sympathetic vibration is a harmonic phenomenon wherein a passive string or vibratory body responds to external vibrations to which it has a harmonic likeness. The classic example is demonstrated with two similarly-tuned ...
.
A single melody string is set apart from the sympathetic strings. This is the string that the musician manipulates on the instrument's neck, fretting it to change the notes as the string is bowed.
On modern instruments, the bridge is set on the soundboard near the bottom at an approximately 45 degree angle, instead of set straight across the soundboard.
A shorter version, about 120 centimeters long, is known as the alto sataer (中音萨它尔).
Tuning
The main string of the instrument is set in relation to the lead singer's voice, singing the 12 maqams. The string is set approximately to: c-c2 or d-d2 For an instrument using 12 sympathetic strings, the strings may be tuned: G, c, d, e, g, a, c1, d1, e1, g1, a1, c2 or c, d, e, g, a, c1, d1, e1, g1, a1, c2, d2.See also
*Setar
A setar ( fa, سهتار, ) is a stringed instrument, a type of lute used in Persian traditional music, played solo or accompanying voice. It is a member of the tanbur family of long-necked lutes with a range of more than two and a half octa ...
* Chinese music
Music of China refers to the music of the Chinese people, which may be the music of the Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, ma ...
* List of Chinese musical instruments
Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories known as (). The eight categories are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and skin; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these group ...
Notes
References
External links
Video. Trio playing Uyghur instruments; satar is on the far right.
Chinese musical instruments Culture in Xinjiang Uyghur musical instruments {{lute-stub