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Sarcelles () is a
commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...
in the northern suburbs of
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
. It is located from the centre of Paris. Sarcelles is a sub-prefecture of the
Val-d'Oise Val-d'Oise (, "Vale of the Oise") is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.
department and the seat of the
arrondissement of Sarcelles The arrondissement of Sarcelles is an arrondissement of France in the Val-d'Oise department in the Île-de-France region. It has 62 communes. Its population is 477,991 (2019), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of S ...
. In the south of the commune, during the 1950s and 1960s, vast housing estates were built in order to accommodate ''
pieds-noirs The ''Pieds-Noirs'' (; ; ''Pied-Noir''), are the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962; the vast majority of whom departed for mainland France as soon as Alger ...
'' (French settlers from Algeria) and Jews who had left
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
due to its war of independence. A few Jews from Egypt settled there after the
Suez crisis The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli war, also called the Tripartite Aggression ( ar, العدوان الثلاثي, Al-ʿUdwān aṯ-Ṯulāṯiyy) in the Arab world and the Sinai War in Israel,Also known as the Suez War or 1956 Wa ...
, and Jews from Tunisia and Morocco settled in Sarcelles after unrest and riots against Jews due to the Six-Day War and to the
Yom Kippur War The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from October 6 to 25, 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egy ...
.


Transport

Sarcelles is served by
Garges–Sarcelles station Garges–Sarcelles is a railway station in Île-de-France. The station is served by the RER D and serves the communes of Garges-lès-Gonesse and Sarcelles. The station is also the terminus of Île-de-France tramway Line 5 Île-de-France tramw ...
on Paris RER line D. It is also served by
Sarcelles–Saint-Brice station Sarcelles–Saint-Brice station is a railway station located in Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France, which also serves Sarcelles. It is on the Épinay-Villetaneuse–Le Tréport-Mers railway. The station is used by Transilien line H trains from Paris ...
on the
Transilien Paris-Nord Transilien Paris-Nord is one of the sectors in the Paris Transilien suburban rail network. The trains on this sector depart from Gare du Nord in central Paris, and serve the north-west and north-east of Île-de-France region with Transilien lines H ...
suburban rail line. This station, although administratively located on the territory of the neighbouring commune of
Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Sarcelles–Saint-Brice station has rail connections to Persan, Luzarches and Paris. Population Education In the commune there are four ...
, lies in fact very near the town centre of Sarcelles.


Population

the commune has about 40,000 residents from 40 backgrounds.


Immigration

A substantial number of inhabitants of the town are
pieds-noirs The ''Pieds-Noirs'' (; ; ''Pied-Noir''), are the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962; the vast majority of whom departed for mainland France as soon as Alger ...
from
Northwest Africa The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, ...
who immigrated to France in the 1960s. Sarcelles is also home to a vibrant Jewish community and the largest concentration of
Assyrians in France French Assyrians ( syr, ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܕܦܪܲܢܓܝܵܐ), (french: Assyriens) alternatively (french: Assyriens) are French citizens of Assyrian ancestry. There are around 16,000 most of whom are concentrated in the Paris metropolitan area. His ...
. Rahsaan Maxwell, author of ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs'', stated that compared with other French communities, the ethnic minorities in Sarcelles have more influence, so therefore "Sarcelles should not be considered representative of cities across
metropolitan France Metropolitan France (french: France métropolitaine or ''la Métropole''), also known as European France (french: Territoire européen de la France) is the area of France which is geographically in Europe. This collective name for the European ...
".Maxwell, ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs'', p
171
Residents believe that there is a "Sarcelles identity," meaning any ethnic group can be a part of the city, and they believe it lowers levels of crime and violence.Maxwell, ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs'', p
170
Compared with other parts of France, ethnic minorities in Sarcelles gained political power at a faster rate, with gains made in the 1980s instead of the 1990s and 2000s. Many politicians responded to minority demands sooner as many immigrants, especially Caribbeans and Sephardic Jews, had
French citizenship French nationality law is historically based on the principles of ''jus soli'' (Latin for "right of soil") and ''jus sanguinis'', according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the German definition of nationality, ''jus sanguinis'' ( ...
.
François Pupponi François Pupponi (born 31 July 1962) is a French politician. Born in Nantua in Eastern France, he is of Corsican descent. He has served as the mayor of Sarcelles between 1997 and 2017. He also serves as a member of the National Assembly ...
, the
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...
in the 2000s dedicated monuments commemorating the histories of ethnic groups, authorised funding of organisations supporting specific ethnic groups such as running Arabic and Hindi language classes and permitted the use of public facilities for religious events.Maxwell, ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs'', p
170171
Pupponi argued that this style is the best method of giving many ethnic groups one sense of community. Critics argued that funding groups catering to specific ethnic groups promotes segregation.


Caribbeans

, 8.7% of the population was of Caribbean origin. , many of the ethnic Caribbean residents have
French citizenship French nationality law is historically based on the principles of ''jus soli'' (Latin for "right of soil") and ''jus sanguinis'', according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the German definition of nationality, ''jus sanguinis'' ( ...
. By the 1970s, Afro-Caribbeans became more interested in changing politics. By the 1980s, Guy Guyoubli, a local activist, organised an almost all-Caribbean protest list. Maxwell wrote that this demonstrated that Caribbeans had serious intentions of participating in the political system, even though there were no representatives elected from the lists.Maxwell, ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs'', p
172
At the time, ethnic minorities across
Metropolitan France Metropolitan France (french: France métropolitaine or ''la Métropole''), also known as European France (french: Territoire européen de la France) is the area of France which is geographically in Europe. This collective name for the European ...
were increasingly trying to influence the political system. The city's first ever two Caribbean councillors were elected in 1989. Around 1989, Raymond Lamontagne, the mayor, opened Metropolitan France's first ever Caribbean-orientated, council-funded community centre.


Maghrebian Muslims

In the 1950s and 1960s,
Maghreb The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, ...
ians began to arrive in Sarcelles. Political organisation came in subsequent decades. Originally, the Muslims worshipped in converted makeshift areas, but, later, purpose-built mosques appeared. In the 1990s, Maghrebians were first elected to the commune council. Maxwell wrote that Maghrebians began obtaining "key positions" only in the vicinity of 2012 due to "low turnout and weak community organisations".Maxwell, ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs'', p
179


Assyrian and Chaldean

A memorial to Assyro-Chaldean victims of the 1915
Assyrian genocide The Sayfo or the Seyfo (; see below), also known as the Assyrian genocide, was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian / Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish t ...
was dedicated in 2005. Part of the film '' The Last Assyrians'' features the Assyrian and Chaldean community.


Sephardic Jews

Sarcelles gained a large population of
Sephardic Jews Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefar ...
as a consequence of the post-World War II
Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries The Jewish exodus from the Muslim world was the departure, flight, expulsion, evacuation and migration of around 900,000 Jews from Arab countries and Iran, mainly from 1948 to the early 1970s, though with one final exodus from Iran in 1979– ...
. Today, most of the Jewish residents have
French citizenship French nationality law is historically based on the principles of ''jus soli'' (Latin for "right of soil") and ''jus sanguinis'', according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the German definition of nationality, ''jus sanguinis'' ( ...
. During the peak immigration of Sephardic Jews, they subscribed to a belief in assimilation and secularism and they had the North African belief of what
Michel Wieviorka Michel Wieviorka (born 23 August 1946, Paris) is a French sociologist, noted for his work on violence, terrorism, racism, social movements and the theory of social change. He was the 16th president of International Sociological Association (200 ...
and Philippe Bataille, authors of ''The Lure of Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews in Present-Day France'', describe as "a structuring role" that "does not cover all aspects of social life".Wieviorka and Bataille, p
165
Beginning in the 1980s, religion became more public and important, and Wieviorka and Bataille stated that the previous North African practice is "becoming mixed up with the neo-
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...
practices of the 'young people' for whom religion controls everything." In 1983, there was a wave of councillors who were Sephardic Jews.


Crime

In 2012, Maxwell stated that "petty crime" and vandalism had become consistent issues and that "violent confrontations" between black migrants, Maghrebians and Jews was "a recurring theme". He added that, by 2012, the commune had "developed a reputation as one of the more dangerous Paris suburbs." Maxwell wrote that local residents told him that the reputation was overblown. Maxwell wrote that, during the 2005 French riots, a report concluded that the damage to buildings in Sarcelles was "relatively moderate" and that a later report concluded that, compared with most cities, Sarcelles had fewer days of severe riots. He also stated that local residents characterised the damage as "not as bad as elsewhere and not as bad as one might have expected given Sarcelles's economic and ethnic profile."


International relations


Twin towns – sister cities

Sarcelles is twinned with: *
Netanya Netanya (also known as Natanya, he, נְתַנְיָה) is a city in the Northern Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is north of Tel Aviv, and south of Haifa, between Poleg stream and Wingate I ...
, Israel, since 1988 * Hattersheim, Germany, since 1987


Co-operation agreement

*
Martakert Martakert ( hy, Մարտակերտ, also , ) or Aghdara ( az, Ağdərə ) is a town ''de facto'' in the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as the administrative capital of its Martakert Province, ''de jure'' in the Tartar District of Azerbaijan, i ...
,
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a list of states with limited recognition, breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan ...
, since 2015


Education

The commune has 19 public ''écoles maternelles'' (pre-schools/nurseries), 21 public ''écoles primaires'' (primary schools), six public ''collèges'' (junior high schools), two public ''lycées'' (senior high schools/sixth-form colleges), and two other educational institutions. * ''Collèges'': Chantereine, Anatole-France, Évariste-Galois, Jean-Lurçat, Victor Hugo, and Voltaire * ''Lycées'': Lycée Polyvalent de La Tourelle and Lycée Polyvalent J.J. Rousseau * Others: I.U.T (Institut universitaire de technologie), C.I.O (Centre d'information et d'orientation) The ''Bibliothèque intercommunale Anna Langfus'' is located in Sarcelles. This library has over 60,000 items and is divided between an adults' section and a children's section. In addition the ''Espace Musique Mel Bonis'' is in Sarcelles.


Notable people

*
Les Twins Laurent and Larry Nicolas Bourgeois (born December 6, 1988), professionally known as Les Twins, are French dancers, choreographers, producers, models, designers, and creative directors of their brand "Eleven Paris". Often referred to by their r ...
, ''
New Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...
'' dancers *
Jonathan Assous Jonathan Victor Gerard Assous (born September 2, 1983) is a French-Israeli football player who is currently contracted to Beitar Ramat Gan in Israel. In France, Assous was widely known for his temper and rough play. Playing career Assous bega ...
, footballerJonathan Assous
footballdatabase.eu
* Damien Cely, diver * Sarah Cysique, judoka * Mohamed Dia, fashion designer *
Didier Domi Didier Arsène Marcel Domi (born 2 May 1978) is a French former professional footballer who played as a left-back. During his prime, Domi used to be captain of Paris Saint-Germain and won multiple trophies in Greece with Olympiacos as well. Dom ...
, footballer * Andy Faustin, footballer * Mathys Tel, footballer * Dimitri Foulquier, footballer * Eric Sabin, footballer * Derek Mazou-Sacko, footballer * Younousse Sankhare, footballer * Jean-Manuel Thetis, footballer * Frederic Thomas, footballer * Jonathan Tokple, footballer * Steeve Yago, footballer *
Riyad Mahrez Riyad Karim Mahrez ( ar, رياض كريم محرز, Riyāḍ Karīm Maḥraz; born 21 February 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Manchester City and captains the Algeria national team. Mahrez began his career ...
, footballer *
Wissam Ben Yedder Wissam Ben Yedder (born 12 August 1990) is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker for Ligue 1 club Monaco and the France national team. Having begun his career at amateurs UJA Alfortville, Ben Yedder joined Toulouse in 2010. ...
, footballer *
Amir Haddad Laurent Amir Khlifa Khedider Haddad ( he, לורן עמיר חליפה חדידר חדד, born 20 June 1984), better known as Amir Haddad ( he, עמיר חדד), or simply as Amir, is a French-Israeli singer and songwriter. He took part in 2006 ...
, singer * Miss Dominique, singer *
Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn (; born 25 April 1949), also known as DSK, is a French economist and politician who served as the tenth managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and was a member of the French Socialist P ...
, former mayor of Sarcelles


See also

* Ministère AMER *
Passi Passi () is a hip hop artist who became famous in the mid-1990s with the group Ministère AMER, which included himself and Stomy Bugsy. He is most widely known, however, as a solo artist, as well as a participant in many other groups, such as ...
*
Stomy Bugsy Gilles Duarte (; born 21 May 1972), better known by his stage name Stomy Bugsy, is a French rapper and actor from Sarcelles, France. Biography Born of parents from the Republic of Cape Verde, Duarte helped found hip hop group '' Ministere AMER'' ...
*
Communes of the Val-d'Oise department The following is a list of the 184 communes of the Val-d'Oise department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):


Notes


References

*Maxwell, Rahsaan. ''Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs''.
Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...
, 5 March 2012. , 9781107378032. * * Mulvey, M. (2016) “The Problem that Had a Name: French High-Rise Developments and the Fantasy of a Suburban Homemaker Pathology, 1954–73,” ''Gender & History,'' 28, no.1, pp. 179–200. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-0424.12182


External links


Official website
*
Association of Mayors of the Val d’Oise
{{authority control Communes of Val-d'Oise Jews and Judaism in France Subprefectures in France