Santa Rosa Hitchhiker Murders
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The Santa Rosa hitchhiker murders were a series of at least seven unsolved homicides involving female
hitchhikers Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing, autostop or hitching) is a means of transportation that is gained by asking individuals, usually strangers, for a ride in their car or other vehicle. The ride is usually, but not always, free. Nomads have ...
that took place in
Sonoma County Sonoma County () is a county (United States), county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 488,863. Its county seat and largest city is Santa Rosa, California, Santa Rosa. It is to the n ...
and
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * Sa ...
of the North Bay area of
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
in 1972 and 1973. All of the victims were found nude in rural areas near steep embankments or in creek beds near roads.


Victims


Maureen Sterling and Yvonne Weber

Maureen Louise Sterling, 12, and Yvonne Lisa Weber, 13, both Herbert Slater Middle School students, disappeared around 9 p.m. on February 4, 1972, after visiting the
Redwood Empire Ice Arena The Redwood Empire Ice Arena (commonly known as Snoopy's Home Ice) is an indoor ice rink in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It was owned and built by ''Peanuts'' cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, and it opened on April 28, 1969. It was origi ...
. Both girls, like other young people in that era, often hitchhiked. They were last seen hitchhiking on Guerneville Road, northwest of Santa Rosa. An acquaintance who had spoken with them earlier that evening recalled in 2019 that Sterling and Weber had told her that a tall, slender man in his late-teens or early-twenties with black hair had asked them to smoke
marijuana Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various tra ...
. The friend declined to accompany the girls to smoke with the man, whom she had never seen before. The witness told interviewers that, in retrospect, she thought the man she saw in the lobby at the ice arena resembled photographs of notorious serial killer
Ted Bundy Theodore Robert Bundy ( born Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer who kidnapped, raped and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier. After more than a decade ...
. The girls, whom the friend described as dressed in such a way that they were able to pass for several years older than they actually were, disappeared a short time later. The friend was also interviewed in the 2024 HBO Max documentary '' The Truth About Jim'' and said she saw the man in profile as he stood in the lobby watching the skaters on the ice. She said the man was Caucasian, with a slender build, about 5 feet 10 inches tall, had short black hair and a prominent nose and was wearing a denim jacket. In that era, she would have expected a man who smoked marijuana to have long hair but this man had short hair and looked to her more like a teacher. She said he resembled a photograph of Jim Mordecai, the subject of the documentary, taken in 1970 or 1971. Mordecai was in his early thirties in 1972. Other reports at the time indicated that the two girls might have been looking for a ride to meet someone at a bowling alley. There were rumors that the girls might have previously been in contact with a man who lived along the Russian River, but police could not confirm that connection either. Their parents told police that, at the time they disappeared, the 5 feet 5 inch tall, 117 pound, blue-eyed brunette Sterling was wearing blue denim pants with a purple pullover shirt, a red sweatshirt with a hood and zipper, and brown suede shoes. Weber, described as blonde and blue-eyed, 5 feet, 2 inches tall and weighing 105 pounds, was wearing blue denim pants, a lavender and white tweed pullover shirt, a black velvet coat, and brown suede boots. Classmates of the girls were questioned about their whereabouts at school the following week, but none of the leads police received proved fruitful. Police had believed the girls were runaways. Their bodies were found on December 28, 1972, north of Porter Creek Road on Franz Valley Road, down a steep embankment approximately off the east side of the roadway. A single earring, orange beads and a 14-carat gold necklace with a cross were found at the scene. The cause of death could not be determined from the skeletal remains. Sterling's mother identified the cross necklace and earring as her daughter's property. The mate to the earring was not found at the scene. Binding materials were found in the brush at the site that suggested the two girls had been restrained by their killer or killers. No clothing or other items belonging to the girls were found.


Kim Wendy Allen

Santa Rosa Junior College art student Kim Wendy Allen, 19, was also a frequent hitchhiker despite hearing warnings from her mother and one of her college professors about the danger of
rape Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without their consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or ag ...
and/or
murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person wit ...
for young female hitchhikers. Allen, like many other young women during that era, did not believe she was at risk. She was given a ride by two men on March 4, 1972, from her job at Larkspur Natural Foods to San Rafael. They last saw her at approximately 5:20 p.m. hitchhiking to school near the Bell Avenue entrance to
Highway 101 Highway 101 was an American country music band founded in 1986 in Los Angeles, California. The initial lineup consisted of Paulette Carlson (lead vocals), Jack Daniels (guitar), Curtis Stone (bass guitar, vocals), and Scott "Cactus" Moser (drums) ...
, northbound, carrying a large wooden soy barrel with red
Chinese characters Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as ''kanji' ...
on it. Her body was found the following day down an embankment in a creek bed off Enterprise Road in Santa Rosa. The victim had been bound at the ankles and wrists, raped and slowly strangled with a cord for an estimated thirty minutes. Semen was recovered from the body and a single gold loop earring was found at the site. Markings at the top of the embankment and a possible leg impression in the
loam Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–sil ...
indicated the assailant likely slipped or fell while throwing or transporting the body. The two men who gave her a ride, one of whom was given and passed a polygraph test, were ruled out as suspects. Her checkbook was deposited in a drive-up mailbox across from the Kentfield, California Post Office sometime on the morning of March 24, 1972, 20 days after she was murdered. Police thought two fingerprints on the checkbook might belong to the killer. When she was found, Allen also had an oily substance on her right side that authorities said was similar to the oil used in a machine shop.


Lori Lee Kursa

Lori Lee Kursa, 13, a Lawrence Cook Middle School student, had been reported missing by her mother on November 11, 1972 after disappearing while they shopped at a U-Save and was last seen on November 20 or 21 in Santa Rosa while visiting friends, having deliberately
run away Runaway, Runaways or Run Away may refer to: Engineering * Runaway reaction, a chemical reaction releasing more heat than what can be removed and becoming uncontrollable * Thermal runaway, self-increase of the reaction rate of an exothermic proce ...
. Someone reported possibly seeing Kursa hitchhiking on November 30. Her home life was troubled and she was a frequent hitchhiker and habitual runaway. Her frozen remains were located on December 14, 1972, in a ravine approximately off Calistoga Road, northeast of Rincon Valley in Santa Rosa. The killer had thrown the body at least over an embankment. The girl had a single wire loop in each earlobe, but the rest of the earrings were missing and were not found at the scene. The cause of her death was a broken neck with compression and hemorrhage of the spinal cord. The victim had not been raped and likely died one to two weeks prior to discovery. Two people later called in tips to the police about possible sightings of Kursa. One tipster reported seeing two men with a girl on Calistoga Road. A second caller reported seeing a girl with a Caucasian man who had “bushy” hair in a pickup truck that had been parked near the site where Kursa was later found deceased. Neither caller was able to provide further details. A possible witness to her abduction later came forward stating that on an evening somewhere between December 3 and 9, 1972, while on Parkhurst Drive, he saw two men walking with a young girl. The girl, who fit Kursa's description, appeared to be physically impaired in some manner, as the two men were supporting her between them. The witness saw the men run across the road with the girl and push her into the back of a van that had been parked on the side of the roadway. The driver was a Caucasian man with an Afro-type hairstyle. The vehicle then sped north on Calistoga Road. Authorities speculated that Kursa was kidnapped, forced into the van, stripped of her clothing, and that she opened the passenger door of the speeding vehicle in an attempt to escape her captor or captors, fell or jumped or was pushed out and broke her neck in the fall into the ravine. Her captor or captors left her by the side of the road. The broken neck would have prevented Kursa from moving, but it would have taken some time for her to die from the injury.


Carolyn Davis

Carolyn Nadine Davis, 15, ran away from her home outside Anderson in Shasta County on February 6, 1973 and by some accounts spent the next five months traveling. She had left her mother a note that said: “Dear Mom. Don't worry too much about me, the only thing I'm gonna be doing is keeping myself alive. Love, Carolyn.” She posted a letter to her mother and stepfather shortly after she ran away in which she wrote that she had left voluntarily and never planned to return home. Her older sister told an interviewer in 2022 that Davis actually stayed with her in her duplex apartment in Garberville, California after she ran away. Davis was afraid her mother would make her go home so she asked friends who were hitchhiking south to send letters to her mother that were postmarked in different towns. Davis told her sister she had witnessed a double murder in Shasta County and that she was afraid for her life. While her sister was skeptical of the story at first, Davis was so fearful that she insisted on sleeping on the floor of a closet in the bedroom her sister shared with her boyfriend, perhaps because her sister's boyfriend had guns. Her older sister urged Davis to let their mother know where she was, but Davis refused and the sister did not reveal her whereabouts to their mother. Her sister described Davis as mature and a “good girl” who had “gotten lost” and who had been allowed to “run wild.” Eventually Davis, increasingly paranoid that she might be found by someone connected with the murders, left her sister's apartment and hitchhiked to Illinois. She returned to Garberville in the summer of 1973 because her sister was about to give birth. Davis stayed with her grandmother, who lived in the same neighborhood in Garberville as her older sister, for about two weeks in early July 1973 before she decided to leave again to return to her boyfriend in Illinois, according to her sister. Davis planned to first hitchhike south of Garberville to visit friends before she went back to Illinois. Davis usually called her sister every two or three days when she was on the road to let her know where she was, but her sister never heard from Davis again after she left Garberville on July 15, 1973.Music, Lisa, "Murder and Regret: Carolyn Davis’ Sister Recounts the Fear that Permeated the Teen's Last Days", ''Redheaded Blackbelt'', August 10, 202

/ref> According to other accounts, Davis also told her grandmother that she planned to hitchhike to
Modesto, California Modesto () is the county seat and largest city of Stanislaus County, California, United States. With a population of 218,464 at the 2020 census, it is the 19th largest city in the state of California and forms part of the Sacramento-Stockton- ...
and stay there with friends. Her grandmother drove the 15-year-old girl to the downtown district of Garberville on July 15, 1973, and parked in front of the post office, which was located two
city block A city block, residential block, urban block, or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design. A city block is the smallest group of buildings that is surrounded by streets, not counting any type of thoroughfare within t ...
s away from Highway 101. Davis was last seen hitchhiking that afternoon near the Highway 101 ramp, southbound, in Garberville. Her body was discovered on July 31, 1973 in Santa Rosa, just from where the remains of Sterling and Weber had been recovered seven months prior. The cause of her death was strychnine poisoning 10 to 14 days before discovery. It could not be determined whether the poison had been administered to Davis by needle or by pill. Strychnine was sometimes mixed with other drugs, but an autopsy showed no trace of either
heroin Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a potent opioid mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Medical grade diamorphine is used as a pure hydrochloride salt. Various white and brow ...
or
amphetamines Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with sub ...
in her system. A pathologist determined her probable date of death was July 20, 1973, five days after her grandmother had last seen her. It could not be determined if she had been raped. An autopsy found that Davis had an injury to her right earlobe that appeared to be an attempted ear piercing. Her left earlobe had not been pierced. Investigators postulated that her 5 feet 7 inch, 100 pound body had been thrown from the road by her killer or killers as the hillside brush appeared undisturbed. An investigator said a witchcraft symbol meaning "carrier of spirits" was found by her body. Police reported in 1975 that it was “a rectangle connected to a square, with bars running along side” constructed of twigs or sticks. It was identified as an occult symbol dating back to medieval England and suggested a possible connection to the Zodiac Killer. The symbol was located on the roadway above the site where Davis was found. Other investigators later cast doubt on the meaning of the twig figure and whether it had any connection to the girl's murder. Sometime after Davis was found murdered, when the sister was working as a hotel maid at the California Motel in Anderson, the sister found a map in a room she was cleaning that had belonged to Davis and had been in her possession when she left Garberville on July 15, 1973. The map had been written on by both Davis and her older sister. The sister gave the map to local police and also spoke with investigators in both Shasta and Sonoma Counties. The sister still wonders whether Davis's murder had something to do with the murders the girl said she had witnessed or if it was unrelated.


Theresa Walsh

Theresa Diane Smith Walsh, 23, who was nicknamed “Terri”, left her home in Miranda, in the winter of 1973 to spend time away from her husband and young son. She hitchhiked her way across California, often catching rides along Highway 101. She had never before had any difficulties or thought she was in danger while hitchhiking. In late December 1973, she was in Malibu, California but wanted to go home for Christmas to see her mother and son. She was last seen on December 22, 1973, at
Zuma Beach Zuma Beach is a county beach at 30000 Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) in Malibu, California. One of the largest and most popular beaches in Los Angeles County, California, it is known for its long, wide sands and excellent surf. It consistently rank ...
in Malibu, intent on hitchhiking to Garberville. Her partially submerged body was found six days later by kayakers in
Mark West Creek Mark West Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed March 9, 2011 stream that rises in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma County, California, United States. Tributaries ...
. She had been
hogtied The hogtie is a method of tying the limbs together, rendering the subject immobile and helpless. Originally, it was applied to pigs (hence the name) and other young four-legged animals. Details The hogtie when used on pigs and cattle has it ...
with clothesline rope, sexually assaulted, and strangled, and was determined to have been dead approximately one week. High water marks contemporaneous with heavy rains in the area suggested the body could have drifted several miles.


Jane Doe

On July 2, 1979, the skeletal remains of a young white female were found in a ravine off Calistoga Road approximately from where the body of Lori Lee Kursa had been recovered seven years earlier. Due to the age of the remains, authorities initially believed them to be those of Jeannette Kamahele until a comparison of dental records later proved negative. The victim had been hogtied and her arm fractured around the time of her murder, and her corpse had been stuffed into a laundry or duffel bag before being dumped in the ravine, but there was no other evidence to establish a cause of death. It was determined that the unidentified victim was approximately 16- to 21-years-old, wore hard contact lenses (kept in a metal candy tin with a picture of cherries on it), had red, auburn, or brown hair, was about tall and at one time had broken a rib which was healed by the time of the murder. Her weight and eye color could not be ascertained, and no clothing was found. One expert consulted by authorities determined that the victim was likely killed between 1972 and 1974 and was about 19-years-old. Hard contact lenses were not often sold in the United States and Canada after the mid-1970s, when soft contact lenses became available. She had also been bound in the same manner as Walsh.


Possible victims


Lisa Michele Smith

Lisa Michele Smith, 17, was last seen hitchhiking on Hearn Avenue in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California and her disappearance was never solved. She was initially reported missing from Petaluma, California, by her foster parents on March 16, 1971 after she was last seen hitchhiking a short distance away from her foster home, along Hearn Avenue, at around 7 p.m. At the time, she was wearing a white blouse with ruffles, a dark pea coat, green bell-bottom jeans, and cowboy boots. A young woman named "Lisa Smith", which is a common name, was hitchhiking on March 26, 1971 and was picked up by a male driver. He reportedly brandished a gun and threatened to rape her. She jumped out of the pickup, which was going about 55 miles per hour south of Novato, California. She was treated at Novato General Hospital for a skull fracture and multiple, severe cuts and bruises. A nurse at the hospital thought she looked about 21-years-old. An article published on April 1, 1971 in the ''Santa Rosa Press Democrat'' reported that the "Lisa Smith" treated at Novato General Hospital was the same person as the missing 17-year-old Lisa Michele Smith. The individual believed to have been Smith left the hospital before authorities could interview her and purportedly hitchhiked back to
San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
. Her biological parents then located her shortly afterwards and took her back to their home in Livermore, California, according to the article, which quoted a juvenile officer from the sheriff's office. However, the ''Press Democrat'' reported in 2011 that the missing 17-year-old Smith was not actually found. It is still not certain whether the two Lisa Smiths actually were the same woman or whether they were two separate people. All of the hospital and law enforcement records related to the case were missing by 2011 and authorities hoped to find Lisa Michele Smith or someone who had known her to determine what happened. Authorities suspect it is possible that she was a homicide victim or that her case could have been related to the other attacks in the area during the same time period.


Jeannette Kamahele

Jeannette Kamahele, a 20-year-old Santa Rosa Junior College student, who was of Hawaiian descent, was last seen on April 25, 1972, hitchhiking near the Cotati on-ramp of Highway 101. Like other young people in the early 1970s, she often hitchhiked to get around. A friend witnessed her likely abduction and reported that she entered a faded brown
Chevrolet Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941) and ous ...
pickup truck A pickup truck or pickup is a light-duty truck that has an enclosed cabin, and a back end made up of a cargo bed that is enclosed by three low walls with no roof (this cargo bed back end sometimes consists of a tailgate and removable covering) ...
fitted with a homemade wooden camper and driven by a 20- to 30-year-old Caucasian male with an Afro hairstyle. Her body has never been found.


Kerry Ann Graham and Francine Marie Trimble

Kerry Ann Graham, 15, and Francine Marie Trimble, 14, of Forestville, disappeared in mid-December 1978. Skeletal remains were found the following July in Mendocino County where they were dumped off the side of a rural highway, but they were not identified as belonging to Graham and Trimble until 2015 thanks to DNA analysis. A high school friend said she last saw the girls on a morning in December when all of them were smoking outside the high school. Graham and Trimble, who had been associating with classmates who used drugs, had gone to school that day but did not attend classes. The girls told their friend that they were going to hitchhike to a party in Santa Rosa but did not say who they were meeting. The friend said someone else they knew had seen the girls hitchhiking at a Chevron gas station in Forestville. It was not clear whether this occurred on the day the girls went missing. Trimble had also told her mother she intended to do some Christmas shopping at Coddingtown Mall in Santa Rosa. Trimble's mother had seen the girls at her home sometime on December 15, 1978 and Graham's sister recalled seeing them at her parents’ home either on December 15 or 16, 1978. The girls also mentioned to Graham's sister that they planned to go to a party, but she did not recall further details. Graham was recovering from surgery to remove her appendix but had left the antibiotics she was still taking behind at her home. Trimble's mother reported her missing to police within a few days when she had not returned home. Graham had a habit of running away to stay with friends, as had her older siblings, and her parents were not overly concerned at first when she did not come home. They did not tell her brother that Graham was missing until they saw him in person years later. Police also did not question any of the girls’ classmates and many were not aware they were considered missing. No official missing person report was filed for Graham until decades later, when Graham's sister suspected the victims found were Graham and Trimble and urged police to conduct DNA testing. Police had believed the girls were runaways and had not thoroughly investigated their disappearance. Authorities could not identify a cause of death for the victims who were found in 1979 but duct tape was found at the scene, likely indicating the two girls had been bound. A single bird-shaped earring was found at the scene that Graham's sister later identified as one she had given to Graham. A mate to the earring was not found at the scene. No clothing or other items belonging to Graham or Trimble were found at the scene.


Report on additional victims (1975)

In 1975, some sources say the
Federal Bureau of Investigation The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, ...
issued a report stating that fourteen unsolved homicides between 1972 and 1974 were committed by the same perpetrator. These consist of the six found victims as of 1975 and the following: * Rosa Vasquez, 20, last seen May 26; her body was found on May 29, 1973. near the Arguello boulevard entrance at
Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development ...
in
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. The victim had been strangled and her body thrown off the roadway into some shrubs. Vasquez had been a keypunch operator at
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on the Presidio. * Yvonne Quilantang, 15, was found strangled in a vacant Bayview district lot on June 10, 1973. She was seven months pregnant and had been out to buy groceries. * Angela Thomas, 16, a resident of Belton, Texas, was found July 2, 1973, smothered on the playground of Benjamin Franklin Junior High School in
Daly City Daly City () is the second most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, with population of 104,901 according to the 2020 census. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its ...
. She had last been seen the previous evening at the Presidio of San Francisco walking away from the area at 9:00 p.m. A locket was recovered near the body. * Nancy Patricia Gidley, a 24-year-old
radiographer Radiographers, also known as radiologic technologists, diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists are healthcare professionals who specialize in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathology. Radi ...
last seen at a
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motel on July 12, 1973, was found strangled behind the George Washington High School gymnasium three days later. The victim was unclothed except for a single fish-shaped gold earring and was determined to have died within the previous 24 hours. Gidley had served four years in the
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and told friends and family in Mountain Home,
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that she intended to become a
freelance ''Freelance'' (sometimes spelled ''free-lance'' or ''free lance''), ''freelancer'', or ''freelance worker'', are terms commonly used for a person who is self-employed and not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. Freelance w ...
writer for the ''
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'' and was going to San Francisco to be the maid of honour at the wedding of a friend from
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, all of which proved false. * Nancy Feusi, 22, disappeared after going dancing at a club in the
Sacramento ) , image_map = Sacramento County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Sacramento Highlighted.svg , mapsize = 250x200px , map_caption = Location within Sacramento ...
area. Her remains were found on July 22, 1973, in Redding. She had been stabbed to death. In 2011, one of Feusi's five children, Angela Darlene Feusi McAnulty, was convicted of torturing, beating, and starving to death her 15-year-old daughter Jeanette Marie Maples. McAnulty became the second woman ever sentenced to die in
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and the first since the 1984 reinstatement of the death penalty. * Laura Albright O'Dell, 21, missing since November 4, 1973, was found three days later in bushes behind the boathouse at
Stow Lake Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development ...
in Golden Gate Park. O'Dell's hands were tied behind her back, and the cause of death appeared to be from head injuries or strangulation. * Brenda Kaye Merchant, 19, was found stabbed to death at her home on February 1, 1974, in Marysville. She had been stabbed over 30 times with a long bladed knife and had asphyxiated on her own blood from her many wounds. She was wearing a nightgown when she was discovered in her living room. The killer left a bloody handprint on the screen door of the apartment and it is believed that Merchant was attacked between when she was last seen at 6 p.m. to when a loud argument was heard by neighbors at around midnight. * Donna Maria Braun, 14, whose strangled body was found at 7 p.m. on September 29, 1974 in the Salinas River near Monterey by a crop dusting pilot who was flying overhead. She was an
Alisal High School Alisal High School is an American public high school opened in 1965 and located in Salinas, California. Alisal's school colors are green, black and white. Their mascot is Tommy the Trojan. Demographics Currently, there are about 3300 students a ...
freshman who lived with and was eventually identified by her mother and was last seen at 6.pm. on September 27, leaving her Salinas home.


Other possible victims

People inside and outside of law enforcement have considered scenarios in which the primary perpetrator of the SRHM crimes could have attacked many more women than are listed above. In 1986, Robert Graysmith published a list of 49 confirmed and possible Zodiac victims. The list included SRHM victims and murders with some similarities to the SRHM crimes.  These include: * Elaine Davis (1969, abducted from Walnut Creek) * Leona Roberts (1969, Marin County) * Eva Blau (1970, Sonoma County) * Marie Antoinnette "Toni" Anstey (1970, abducted from Vallejo) * Susan Dye (1975, Santa Rosa) The body of Elaine Davis was apparently dumped off the coast of Santa Cruz, but not identified until 2001. Leona Roberts was abducted from Rodeo and her body left on a beach near Bolinas. On the evening of December 3, 1969 college student Kathy Sosic, 21, accepted a ride from outside the Sonoma State College library to her home in nearby Cotati.  The male driver turned away from Cotati and pulled a gun.  Kathy Sosic escaped by grabbing the man's arm with the gun and jumping from the moving vehicle.  She was not seriously injured. Kathy Sosic had blonde hair. Law enforcement has considered a scenario in which the primary perpetrator of the SRHM crimes also killed in Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Colorado. In this scenario, the west coast slayings would have (temporarily) stopped in September 1974.  The Utah and Colorado murders spanned late 1974 to early 1975.  Law enforcement has also considered the possibility that the Flat Tire Murders, which occurred in Southern Florida, could have the same primary perpetrator as the SRHM attacks. California law enforcement also believe it is possible that the perpetrator of the SRHM crimes "interviewed" potential victims before deciding whether or not to kill them.


Suspects


The Zodiac Killer

The unapprehended Zodiac Killer is a suspect, due to similarities between an unknown symbol on his January 29, 1974 " Exorcist letter" to the ''San Francisco Chronicle'', in which he claims 37 victims, and the Chinese characters on the missing soy barrel carried by Kim Allen, as well as stating an intention to vary his
modus operandi A ''modus operandi'' (often shortened to M.O.) is someone's habits of working, particularly in the context of business or criminal investigations, but also more generally. It is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as "mode (or manner) of op ...
in an earlier November 9, 1969 letter to the ''San Francisco Chronicle'': "I shall no longer announce to anyone. when I comitt my murders, they shall look like routine robberies, killings of anger, + a few fake accidents, etc." (sic) Law enforcement reportedly ruled out Zodiac because the SRHM crimes appeared to have included sexual assaults and the (most likely and confirmed) Zodiac attacks did not.


Arthur Leigh Allen

Arthur Leigh Allen, of Vallejo, owned a
mobile home A mobile home (also known as a house trailer, park home, trailer, or trailer home) is a prefabricated structure, built in a factory on a permanently attached chassis before being transported to site (either by being towed or on a trailer). Us ...
at Sunset Trailer Park in Santa Rosa at the time of the murders. He had been fired from his
Valley Springs Valley Springs may refer to some places in the United States: * Valley Springs, Arkansas, located in Boone County * Valley Springs, California, located in Calaveras County * Valley Springs, South Dakota Valley Springs is a city in Minnehaha Co ...
Elementary School teaching position for suspected
child molestation Child sexual abuse (CSA), also called child molestation, is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child (wheth ...
in 1968 and was a full-time student at Sonoma State University. Allen was arrested on September 27, 1974, by the Sonoma County Sheriff's Office and charged with child molestation in an unrelated case involving a young boy. He pleaded guilty on March 14, 1975, and was imprisoned at
Atascadero State Hospital Atascadero State Hospital, formally known as California Department of State Hospitals- Atascadero (DSHA), is located on the Central Coast of California, in San Luis Obispo County, halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco. DSHA is an all-male, ...
until late 1977. Robert Graysmith, in his book ''Zodiac Unmasked'', claimed that a Sonoma County sheriff revealed that chipmunk hairs were found on all of the Santa Rosa Hitchhiker victims and that Allen had been collecting and studying the same species. Allen was the main suspect in the Zodiac case from 1971 until the present.


Ted Bundy

After his capture for similar crimes in
Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered on ...
,
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...
,
Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to it ...
and Idaho,
Ted Bundy Theodore Robert Bundy ( born Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer who kidnapped, raped and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier. After more than a decade ...
was suspected in the murders. Bundy had spent time in neighboring
Marin County Marin County is a county located in the northwestern part of the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 262,231. Its county seat and largest city is San Rafael. Marin County is acros ...
, but was ruled out by a Sonoma County detective in the 1970s and again in 1989. Detailed credit card records and known whereabouts of Bundy reveal he was in Washington on the dates of some of the disappearances. A 2011 ''
San Francisco Chronicle The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' is a newspaper serving primarily the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. It was founded in 1865 as ''The Daily Dramatic Chronicle'' by teenage brothers Charles de Young and M. H. de Young, Michael H. de ...
'' article noted that the dates of the credit card receipts show there would have been enough time for Bundy to drive to California, commit the crimes, and then drive back to Washington. Bundy was known to drive hundreds of miles to commit a murder. Some investigators also rule Bundy out as a suspect because they think the killer probably lived in the Santa Rosa area and only a local man, perhaps someone who worked as a
mail carrier A mail carrier, mailman, mailwoman, postal carrier, postman, postwoman, or letter carrier (in American English), sometimes colloquially known as a postie (in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), is an employee of a post ...
or a public utility worker, would have been familiar with the remote, rural locations where the victims were recovered. A 1973 newspaper article noted that, at the time the victims were recovered, several hundred young people in the area were living nearby in communes.


Fredric Manalli

Fredric Manalli, a 41-year-old Santa Rosa Junior College creative writing instructor, was suspected when, after his August 24, 1976 death in a head-on collision on
Highway 12 Route 12 or Highway 12 can refer to: For a list of roads named A12, see A12 roads. International * Asian Highway 12 * European route E12 * European route E012 Argentina * National Route 12 Australia NSW * Western Sydney Airport Motorway ( ...
,
sadomasochistic Sadomasochism ( ) is the giving and receiving of pleasure from acts involving the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation. Practitioners of sadomasochism may seek sexual pleasure from their acts. While the terms sadist and masochist refer ...
drawings he had created depicting a former student, Kim Wendy Allen, who was one of the victims, were discovered among his belongings.


The Hillside Stranglers of Los Angeles

Kenneth Bianchi Kenneth Alessio Bianchi (born May 22, 1951) is an American serial killer, kidnapper, and rapist. He is known for the Hillside Strangler murders committed with his cousin Angelo Buono Jr. in Los Angeles, California, as well as for murdering two mor ...
and
Angelo Buono, Jr. Angelo Anthony Buono Jr. (October 5, 1934 – September 21, 2002) was an American serial killer, kidnapper and rapist who, together with his adopted cousin Kenneth Bianchi, were known as the Hillside Stranglers. Buono and Bianchi were convicte ...
, the
Hillside Strangler The Hillside Strangler, later the Hillside Stranglers, is the media epithet for one, later discovered to be two, American serial killers who terrorized Los Angeles, California, between October 1977 and February 1978, with the nicknames originating ...
s of
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
, were also considered suspects at one time.


Jack Bokin

Jack Alexander Bokin, a violent, serial rapist who died in prison in December 2021 at age 78, has been suggested as another possible suspect by law enforcement. DNA testing linked him in 2022 to the 1996 unsolved murder of 32-year-old Michelle Veal in California's wine country. Investigators noted similarities between the murder of Veal and the Santa Rosa hitchhiker murders, as this murder victim had been beaten and had been left nude by the side of a road in Sonoma County. At the time of his death, Bokin was in prison for a series of violent rapes and for the 1997 attempted murder of a 19-year-old female victim, whom he bound, raped, and physically assaulted for several hours before he struck her in the head and left her for dead in San Francisco Bay. The woman survived and testified against him at his trial. Like the attempted murder victim, most of the rape victims had worked as sex workers. Bokin worked as a plumber and contractor in San Francisco. He had a long history of criminal offenses and antisocial behavior beginning when he was a child, including violent sexual assault. His victims are said to have included at least one female child as well as teenagers and adults. His first criminal conviction for a violent sexual assault was in 1964, when he was 21. The victim was a 30-year-old woman. He served a prison sentence for that crime and had multiple convictions and also served five prison sentences for burglary at different times between 1970 and 1990.


Jim Mordecai

The 2024
Max Max or MAX may refer to: Animals * Max (dog) (1983–2013), at one time purported to be the world's oldest living dog * Max (English Springer Spaniel), the first pet dog to win the PDSA Order of Merit (animal equivalent of OBE) * Max (gorilla) ...
documentary '' The Truth About Jim'' explores whether Jim Mordecai, a high school vocational agriculture teacher and part-time landscape designer who lived in the San Francisco Bay area during the early 1970s, might have been the Santa Rosa hitchhiker killer. Mordecai, who died of cancer in 2008 at age 66 or 67, had no known criminal record but is described in the documentary as a serial rapist of teenage girls who often threatened violence and said he would hogtie people. Mordecai's family had an isolated ranch in the area where he often spent time in the early 1970s and he was familiar with the back roads around Santa Rosa. After his death, family members found a box of mismatched jewelry among his effects. The jewelry, which belonged to no one in Mordecai's family, was of the sort worn by teenage girls in the 1970s. One item, described as a hoop earring with orange beads attached, matched the description of one worn by one of the victims. However, the family disposed of the box of jewelry and did not keep any of the items. A DNA profile of Mordecai and other information regarding him was turned over to the Sonoma County Sheriff's Department in August 2022. The suspected killer's DNA is said to have been recovered from two of the murder victims. The DNA profiles of any suspects can be compared against the DNA evidence recovered from the victims. The case is still open.


See also

*
Murders of Kerry Graham and Francine Trimble The murders of Kerry Ann Graham and Francine Marie Trimble are currently unsolved crimes that occurred in December 1978, when both girls—aged 15 and 14 respectively—disappeared after leaving their homes in Forestville, California, to visit a s ...
* General: *
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared This is a list of fugitives from justice, notable people who disappeared or evaded capture while being sought by law enforcement agencies in connection with a crime, and who are currently sought or were sought for the duration of their presume ...
*
List of serial killers in the United States A serial killer is typically a person who kills three or more people, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines serial murder a ...


References


External links


September 1975 ''Front Page Detective'' magazine
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Rosa Hitchhiker Murders 1972 in California 1972 murders in the United States 1973 in California 1973 murders in the United States 1974 in California 1974 murders in the United States American murder victims American murderers of children American rapists Deaths by strangulation in the United States Fugitives History of Santa Rosa, California History of women in California Hitchhiking Murder in California Murder in the San Francisco Bay Area Child murder in the United States People murdered in California Serial killers from California Serial murders in the United States Unidentified American serial killers Unsolved murders in the United States