Saishunkan was a

han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...

medical school, established by

Hosokawa Shigekata was a Japanese samurai ''daimyō'' of the Edo period. Early life Shigekata's father, Hosokawa Nobunori, was the 4th ''daimyō'' of Hosokawa clan, but his elder brother, the 5th ''daimyō'', unfortunately was killed, because the family crest of ...

in 1756 in

Kumamoto is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2. had a population of 1,461,000, ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. Internal medicine (Chinese medicine), surgery (treatment of wounds), ophthalmology, pediatrics, gynecology, oral medicine,

acupuncture Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine and a component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientifi ...

acupressure Acupressure is an alternative medicine technique often used in conjunction with acupuncture or reflexology. It is based on the concept of life energy, which flows through "meridians" in the body. In treatment, physical pressure is applied to ac ...

were taught.

History

*Murai Kenboku, who already had a private school and a reputation and treated

was ordered to build a school in 1756 at

and the school was started in January 1757 at Nihongi. A botanical garden was started in 1756. The school was moved to Yamasaki (now Kon-ya imamachi) in 1771 and was discontinued in 1870 at

Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...

. Furushiro Medical School was started in

Kumamoto Castle is a hilltop Japanese castle located in Chūō-ku, Kumamoto, in Kumamoto Prefecture. It was a large and well fortified castle. The is a concrete reconstruction built in 1960, but several ancillary wooden buildings remain of the original castle ...

in the same year. These were the forerunners of the Faculty of Medicine,

Kumamoto University , abbreviated to ''Kumadai'' (熊大), is a Japanese national university located in Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture in the Kyushu region of Japan. It was established on May 31, 1949, at which time the following institutions were subsumed into it; ...

Principles of Saishunkan

Wall Motto by Nagaoka Naizen

*Medicine was started by Ki-oh(岐黄) who wrote a medical book and medicine is based on

virtue Virtue ( la, virtus) is moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. In other words, it is a behavior that shows high moral standard ...

or saving life, the central dogma of Japanese medicine. You must not select your patients by his rank, you must disregard the highness of fees. You must do your duties. Treatment should be based on science. Otherwise, do not rely on your transient luck. Respect your teachers.

Saishunkan Kaiyaku by Murai Kenboku

*You must know. The government begins a medical school and stores a number of books, hires professors and teaches students various lessons; in order to minimize death in early years and death by infectious diseases. This is great grace. You must get up early, study till midnight, study hard and broadly, you accomplish your duties, you must broaden your

. Do your best. Do not be lazy.

Students

*The first students numbered 239. They numbered 269 if official doctors and aged doctors were included.

Administration

*Under the school bugyo, there were people,a school

surveillance Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, many activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, such as c ...

man, a doctor

man, professors, surgeons and others. ** Bugyo (奉行), often translated as "commissioner" or "magistrate" or "governor," was a title assigned to government officers in pre-modern Japan; other terms would be added to the title to describe more specifically a given commissioner's tasks or jurisdiction.

Subjects and textbooks

*Internal medicine (Chinese medicine), surgery, ophthalmology, pediatrics, gynecology, oral medicine, acupuncture, acupressure were taught. In addition, anatomy and pharmacology were taught. *Textbooks named ''内経'' was medicine in general.''脈経'' was diagonostics.''病源候論'' was symptomotology, ''傷寒論'' was a textbook of internal medicine. ''甲乙経'' meant acupuncture and acupressure. ''本草綱目'' was Chinese medicine vegetables and their use. Medicine changes according to age, and the notebooks of lectures were also made textbooks.

Examinations

*Examinations were performed, including surgery. Grading of doctors was made such as great doctor, good doctor, etc. In later years, western medicine was taught, and translation of Japanese to western language was tested.

Other medical schools

*There were other private medical schools in

References

*''Higo Iiku Shi'' or history of medical education in Kumamoto, by Masatada Yamasaki. 1929 Chinzei Ikai Jihousha,

.It has 746 pages plus 132 pages of supplement. It was reprinted in 2006 in its original form. *100 years of the department of ophthalmology of

Tanihara H, Okamura R. Department of ophthalmology, Kumamoto University, 2005. Maps and photographs of institutions were shown. *''

Anecdotes An anecdote is "a story with a point", such as to communicate an abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the concrete details of a short narrative or to characterize by delineating a specific quirk or trait. Occasionally humorous, ...

of Hosokawa Shigekata'' Kawaguchi K. Kumamoto Nichi-Nichi Shimbun, 2008. {{DEFAULTSORT:Saishunkan (School) Educational institutions established in 1756 1756 establishments in Japan Educational institutions disestablished in 1870 Medical schools in Japan Kumamoto History of Kumamoto Prefecture