''Sachatamia'' is a small genus of

glass frog The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae ( order Anura). While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, ...

s. They are found in Central America (

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

) and northern South America (

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

and northwestern

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

) at altitudes below

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

Etymology

The generic name ''Sachatamia'' is derived from the

Quichua Kichwa (, , also Spanish ) is a Quechuan language that includes all Quechua varieties of Ecuador and Colombia (''Inga''), as well as extensions into Peru. It has an estimated half million speakers. The most widely spoken dialects are Chimborazo ...

words ''sacha'' for "forest" and ''tamia'' for "rain". This is a reference to the tropical rainforest habitat of these frogs.

Description

''Sachatamia'' have moderate to extensive webbing between third and fourth fingers. The dorsum is lavender in preserved individuals and may have spots. Internal features include green bones (in live specimens), lobed liver that is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum, whereas the ventral

parietal peritoneum The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesothe ...

is white in its anterior part and transparent in its poster part. The digestive tract is translucent. In terms of osteology, ''Sachatamia'' possess

vomer The vomer (; lat, vomer, lit=ploughshare) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxill ...

ine teeth and

quadratojugal bone The quadratojugal is a skull bone present in many vertebrates, including some living reptiles and amphibians. Anatomy and function In animals with a quadratojugal bone, it is typically found connected to the jugal (cheek) bone from the front and ...

that is articulating with

maxilla The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The t ...

. The humeral spines are present in adult males of some of the species. While distinct from most other glass frogs, there are no characters that could unambiguously place a species in ''Sachatamia'' or in the genus ''

Rulyrana ''Rulyrana'' is a small genus of glass frogs. They are found in South America, on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Bolivia, as well as on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central and the western slopes of the ...

''; genetic data are needed for an unambiguous allocation. The two genera, however, have disjunct distribution areas (''Rulyrana'' are found in the

Amazon Basin The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries of Bolivi ...

while ''Sachatamia'' are not found further east than the Colombian

Cordillera Central Central Cordillera refers to the New Guinea Highlands. Cordillera Central, meaning ''central range'' in Spanish, may refer to the following mountain ranges: * Cordillera Central, Andes (disambiguation), several mountain ranges in South America ** ...

Ecology and reproduction

''Sachatamia'' inhabit rainforests. The males call while sitting on leaves or rocks. The pigmented eggs are deposited on leaves or rocks.

Species

There are four species: * '' Sachatamia albomaculata'' (Taylor, 1949) * ''Sachatamia electrops'' (Rada, Jeckel, Caorsi, Barrientos, Rivera-Correa, and Grant, 2017) * ''

Sachatamia ilex ''Sachatamia ilex'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in eastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, western Colombia (Pacific lowlands and the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental), and western Ecuador. Common ...

'' (Savage, 1967) * '' Sachatamia orejuela'' (Duellman and Burrowes, 1989) * '' Sachatamia punctulata'' (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995) The AmphibiaWeb places ''Sachatamia orejuela'' in the genus ''

''.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3460918 Glass frogs Amphibian genera Amphibians of Central America Amphibians of South America