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Humeral Spine
Humeral spines are ventrolateral extensions of the humeral crista ventralis. These structures are present in the humerus of some frogs (anurans). The majority of anuran species that present humeral spines are glassfrogs (family Centrolenidae) but humeral spines have been reported in various other species of different families of frogs, including Ceratophryidae and Hylidae. In all cases, humeral spines are present in males but not in females. See also *Nuptial pad A nuptial pad (also known as thumb pad, or nuptial excrescence) is a secondary sex characteristic present on some mature male frogs and salamanders. Triggered by androgen hormones, this breeding gland (a type of mucous gland) appears as a spiked ... References Amphibian anatomy {{anura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrolene Quindianum02a
''Centrolene'' is a genus of glass frogs in the family Centrolenidae. The adult males are characterized by having a humeral spine, as most members of this family. The delimitation of this genus versus ''Cochranella'' is not fully resolved, and some species formerly in ''Centrolenella'' — which is nowadays synonymized with ''Centrolene'' — are now in ''Hyalinobatrachium ''Hyalinobatrachium'' is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are widely distributed in the Americas, from tropical Mexico to southeastern Brazil and Argentina. Taxonomy and systematics The genus is currently defined to include ''H ...''. The genus is known as "giant glass frogs". But this is merely relative to the rest of their family, which contains numerous extremely diminutive species. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Centrolene'': References Glass frogs Amphibians of South America Taxa named by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Amphibian genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humerus
The humerus (; ) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The body is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea & capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons. Etymology The word "humerus" is derived from la, humerus, umerus meaning upper arm, shoulder, and is linguistically related to Gothic ''ams'' shoulder and Greek ''ōmos''. Structure Upper extremity The upper or pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their split from other amphibians may extend further back to the Permian, 265 Myr, million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest. Frogs account for around 88% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anura (frog)
Anura may refer to: Biology * Anura (frog), the order for frogs * ''Anura'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family People Anura is a common given name in Sri Lanka * Anura Bandaranaike (1949–2008), Sri Lankan politician * Anura Kumara Dissanayaka (born 1968), Sri Lankan politician * Anura Horatious, Sri Lankan novelist * Anura C. Perera (born 1947), Sri Lankan-American writer and astronomer * Anura Ranasinghe Anura Nandana Ranasinghe (13 October 1956, in Kalutara – 9 November 1998, in Colombo) was a former Sri Lankan cricketer, who represented Sri Lanka at international level 11 times in both Tests and ODIs. School times Ranasinghe won the best ... (1956–1998), Sri Lankan cricketer * Anura Rohana, Sri Lankan golfer * Anura Tennekoon (born 1946), Sri Lankan cricketer * Anura Wegodapola (born 1981), cricketer for Sri Lanka Navy * Anura Priyadharshana Yapa (born 1959), Sri Lankan politician Place * Anura, Varanasi, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glassfrogs
The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae (order Anura). While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, giving the glass frog its common name. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin. When active their blood makes them visible; when sleeping most of the blood is concealed in the liver, hiding them. Glass frogs are arboreal, living mainly in trees, and only come out for mating season. Their transparency conceals them very effectively when sleeping on a green leaf, as they habitually do. Taxonomy The first described species of Centrolenidae was the "giant" '' Centrolene geckoideum'', named by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada in 1872, based on a specimen collected in northeastern Ecuador. Several species were described in subsequent years by different herpetologists (including G. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptodactylidae
The southern frogs form the Leptodactylidae, a name that comes from Greek meaning a bird or other animal having slender toes. They are a diverse Family (biology), family of frogs that most likely diverged from other hyloidea, hyloids during the Cretaceous. The family has undergone major taxonomic revisions in recent years, including the reclassification of the former subfamily Eleutherodactylinae into its own family the Eleutherodactylidae; the Leptodactylidae now number 206 species in 15 genera distributed throughout Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America, Central and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and arboreal members, inhabiting a wide range of habitats. Several of the genera within the Leptodactylidae lay their eggs in foam nests. These can be in crevices, on the surface of water, or on forest floors. These foam nests are some of the most varied among frogs. When eggs hatch in nests on the forest floor, the tadpoles remain within the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic. Taxonomy and systematics The earliest known fossils that can be assigned to this family are from the Cretaceous of India and the state of Wyoming in the United States. The common name of "tree frog" is a popular name for several species of the family Hylidae. However, the name "treefrog" is not unique to this family, also being used for many species in the family Rhacophoridae. The following genera are recognised in the family Hylidae: * Subfamily Hylinae ** Tribe Cophomantini *** '' Aplastodiscus'' – canebrake treefrogs *** ''Boana'' – gladiator treefrogs *** ''Bokermannohyla'' *** ''Hyloscirtus'' *** ''Myersiohyla'' *** ''Nesorohyla'' *** '' "Hyla" nicefori'' ** Tribe Dendropsophini ***''Dendropsophus'' *** '' Julianus'' *** ''Lysapsus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs. Not all species share a common sex-determination system. In most animals, including humans, sex is determined genetically; however, species such as ''Cymothoa exigua'' change sex depending on the number of females present in the vicinity. In humans, the word ''male'' can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity. Overview The existence of separate sexes has evolved independently at different times and in different lineages, an example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuptial Pad
A nuptial pad (also known as thumb pad, or nuptial excrescence) is a secondary sex characteristic present on some mature male frogs and salamanders. Triggered by androgen hormones, this breeding gland (a type of mucous gland) appears as a spiked epithelial swelling on the forearm and prepollex that aids with grip, which is used primarily by males to grasp (or clasp) females during amplexus. They can also be used in male–male combat in some species. Historical background Austrian biologist Paul Kammerer experimented on midwife toads' nuptial pads. He used the offspring's apparent enlargening from generation-to-generation as evidence of Lamarckian evolution. Examples Many amphibian species manifest nuptial pads for use in amplexus, an example being the rough-skinned newt The rough-skinned newt or roughskin newt (''Taricha granulosa'') is a North American newt known for the strong toxin exuded from its skin. Appearance A stocky newt with rounded snout, it ranges from l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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