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Sabr ad-Din III ( ar, الصبر الدين الثاني) (died 1422 or 1423) was a Sultan of
Adal Adal may refer to: *A short form for Germanic names in ''aþala-'' (Old High German ''adal-''), "nobility, pedigree"; see Othalan **Adál Maldonado (1948-2020), Puerto Rican artist ** Adal Ramones (born 1969), Mexican television show host ** Adal ...
and the oldest son of
Sa'ad ad-Din II Sa'ad ad-Din II ( ar, سعد الدين زنكي), reigned – c. 1403 or c. 1414, was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate. He was the brother of Haqq ad-Din II, and the father of Mansur ad-Din, Sabr ad-Din II and Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. The hist ...
. Sabr ad-Din returned to the Horn of Africa from
Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
to reclaim his father's realm. He defeated the Ethiopians and proclaimed himself "King of Adal". He subsequently became the first ruler and founder of the new Adal dynasty.


Reign

He returned from Arabia with ten horsemen, as well as military supplies provided by his family's patron Nasir Ahmad. Sabr ad-Din and his brothers made their way to a place called Sayara, where they were joined by a number of their fathers former followers. Even though they were outnumbered by the soldiers of the Christian state, they fought several successful battles. Defeating them in Zikr Amhara (Memory of the Amhara), also at the district of Serjan. Scattering their enemies, they burnt houses and churches and seized much booty in gold and other valuables. Such destruction and opposition on the eastern borders angered the Christian rulers of the empire. An unnamed commander with ten chiefs, each in charge of 20,000 men, moved into area for a year hoping to restore the lost "Amhara rule". This caused Sabr Ad-din and his followers to flee and endure hunger, thirst and other deprivations. The Muslims forces later regained their strength. Sabr ad-Din was able to send his brother Muhammad with Harb Jaush, a defector from the Christian side, to attack the imperial forces. The Emperor's commander and many other Christian leaders fell in battle and their soldiers were killed, except for a few of them who managed to escape. Sabr ad-Din seized a considerable amount of booty, then subsequently ruled the district for some time. He later proceeded towards the Emperor's headquarters, where a fierce battle was fought in which many Christian nobles fell, after which Sabr ad-Din put their headquarters up in flames. Victorious the King then returned to his capital, but gave the order to his many followers to continue and extend the war. He entrusted his brother Muhammad with the task of capturing a fort at Barut and then instructed one of his commanders, Omar to raid the land of Jab. This was so well defended by the imperial forces as by their sheer number as Maqrizi relates as "numerous as locusts", Omar's men were all killed by spears. Sabr Ad-Din was almost captured but escaped because of the speed of his horse. Sabr-ad-Din soon died of natural death, in 1422-3Budge, ''A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia'', 1928 (Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970), p. 302.


See also

* Sabr ad-Din I *
Walashma dynasty The Walashma dynasty was a medieval Muslim dynasty of the Horn of Africa. Founded in 1285, it was centered in Zeila, and established bases around the Horn of Africa. It governed the Ifat and Adal Sultanates in what are present-day Somaliland, ...


Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sabr Ad-Din 02 Sultans of the Adal Sultanate 15th-century monarchs in Africa 15th-century Somalian people Somali sultans Somalian Muslims Year of birth missing Year of death missing African royalty African rulers History of Somalia History of Africa African monarchs