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Sabr Ad-Din I
Sabr ad-Din I () was a sultan of the Ifat Sultanate. He was the son of Nahwi bin Mansur bin Umar Walashma and younger brother of Haqq ad-Din I. Reign Sabr ad-Din rallied his fellow Muslims in a counter-offensive in early 1332 against the Christian Ethiopians. However, the Emperor Amda Seyon I defeated him in battle, then invaded a number of Islamic kingdoms, including Dawaro and Bale. This brought an end to the independent kingdoms of Hadiya, Fatager, Dawaro and Ifat. Sabr ad-Din was captured with his ally, King Haydara of Dawaro, and the two were imprisoned together. The Emperor Amda Seyon appointed as his successor his brother, Jamal ad-Din I.Taddesse Tamrat, ''Church and State in Ethiopia'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 141. See also *Sabr ad-Din II *Walashma dynasty The Walashma dynasty was a medieval Muslim dynasty of the Horn of Africa. Founded in 1285, it was centered in Zeila, and established bases around the Horn of Africa. It governed the Sultanate of Ifat, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The feminine form is emira ( '), a cognate for "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of religion) organisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amda Seyon I
Amda Seyon I ( gez, ዐምደ ፡ ጽዮን , am, አምደ ፅዮን , "Pillar of Zion"), throne name Gebre Mesqel (ገብረ መስቀል ) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1314 to 1344 and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He is best known in his chronicles as a heroic warrior against the Muslims, and is sometimes considered to have been the founder of the Ethiopian state. Most of his wars were against the Muslim kingdoms to the southeast, which he was able to fight and generally defeat one by one, despite their plans to unite against him. Hence, he substantially enlarged his kingdom by gradually incorporating a number of neighboring states. His conquests of Muslim borderlands greatly expanded Ethiopian territory and power in the region, which would be maintained for centuries after his death. Amda Seyon asserted the strength of the new Solomonic dynasty and therefore legitimized it. These expansions further provided for the spread of Christianity to frontier areas, sparking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Monarchs In Africa
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabr Ad-Din II
Sabr ad-Din III ( ar, الصبر الدين الثاني) (died 1422 or 1423) was a Sultan of Adal and the oldest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. Sabr ad-Din returned to the Horn of Africa from Yemen to reclaim his father's realm. He defeated the Ethiopians and proclaimed himself "King of Adal". He subsequently became the first ruler and founder of the new Adal dynasty. Reign He returned from Arabia with ten horsemen, as well as military supplies provided by his family's patron Nasir Ahmad. Sabr ad-Din and his brothers made their way to a place called Sayara, where they were joined by a number of their fathers former followers. Even though they were outnumbered by the soldiers of the Christian state, they fought several successful battles. Defeating them in Zikr Amhara (Memory of the Amhara), also at the district of Serjan. Scattering their enemies, they burnt houses and churches and seized much booty in gold and other valuables. Such destruction and opposition on the eastern borders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamal Ad-Din I
Jamal ad-Din ( ar, جمال اد الدين) (flourished mid-14th century) was a governor of the Sultanate of Ifat. He was the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma (Umar ibn Dunya-huz) and a brother of Haqq ad-Din I. Reign The Emperor of Ethiopia Amda Seyon I made Jamal ad-Din Governor of Ifat after the defeat and imprisonment of his brother Sabr ad-Din I. Taddesse Tamrat notes that Jamal ad-Din had been released from prison upon his appointment, and speculates that the Emperor had held onto the noble as a hostage to guarantee the loyalty of Ifat. However, according to the ''Glorious Victories of Amda Seyon'', Jamal ad-Din proved unfaithful to Emperor Amda Seyon. First, he allegedly was part of the alliance with Adal led by Salih that attacked, and was defeated by, the Emperor in the Battle of Das; towards the end of that same year, Jamal ad-Din was ordered to deliver apostate Christians to the Emperor for punishment, but refused, although he did produce the "son of his brot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amda Seyon
Amda Seyon I ( gez, ዐምደ ፡ ጽዮን , am, አምደ ፅዮን , "Pillar of Zion"), throne name Gebre Mesqel (ገብረ መስቀል ) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1314 to 1344 and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He is best known in his chronicles as a heroic warrior against the Muslims, and is sometimes considered to have been the founder of the Ethiopian state. Most of his wars were against the Muslim kingdoms to the southeast, which he was able to fight and generally defeat one by one, despite their plans to unite against him. Hence, he substantially enlarged his kingdom by gradually incorporating a number of neighboring states. His conquests of Muslim borderlands greatly expanded Ethiopian territory and power in the region, which would be maintained for centuries after his death. Amda Seyon asserted the strength of the new Solomonic dynasty and therefore legitimized it. These expansions further provided for the spread of Christianity to frontier areas, sparking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatager
file:Fatagar,Ethiopia.jpg, A medieval map of Fatagar and surrounding areas Fatagar (Amharic: ፈጠጋር) was a historical province that separated Muslim and Christian dominions in the medieval Horn of Africa. In the eleventh century it was part of the Muslim states, then was invaded by the Christian kingdom led by Ethiopian Emperor, Emperor Amda Seyon, after which it would serve as central district in, and home of multiple rulers of, the Ethiopian Empire in the 15th century. Location The now extinct Maya (Ethiopia), Maya ethnic group, along with the Oromo once inhabited Fatagar. Fatagar separated Ifat from Showa and was south of the kingdom of Lasta bounded by the region of Endagabatan in the north west. It is also described as having been located in eastern Ethiopia, where several kingdoms, such as Ifat, Mora, Dawaro Sultanate, Dawaro, Hadiya Sultanate, Hadiya and Sultanate of Bale, Bali, also existed. The area is now part of modern Shewa southeast of Addis Ababa. Early His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadiya Kingdom
The Hadiya Sultanate (r. ~13th century – 15th century) was a medieval kingdom located in southwestern Ethiopia, south of the Abbay River and west of Shewa. It was ruled by the Hadiya people, who spoke the Cushitic Hadiyya language. The historical Hadiya area was situated between Kambaata, Gamo and Wej, southwest of Shewa. By 1850, Hadiya is placed north-west of lakes Zway and Langano but still between these areas. Hadiya was historically a vassal state of the Adal federation. The Hadiya Kingdom was described in the mid-fourteenth century by the Arab historian Chihab Al-Umari as measuring eight days' journey by nine, which Richard Pankhurst estimates was 160 by 180 kilometers. Although small, Hadiya was fertile with fruit and cereals, rich with horses, and its inhabitants used pieces of iron as currency. It could raise an army of 40,000 cavalry and at least twice as many foot soldiers.Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1977) p. 79 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bale Province, Ethiopia
Bale (Amharic: ባሌ), also known as Bali, is the name of two former polities located in the southeastern part of modern Ethiopia. History of Bale Bale was a Muslim kingdom part of the Zaila confederate states under Sultanate of Showa however later in the centuries it became involved in a tug of war between the rising Christian Solomonic dynasty and Muslim states in the region. In the 14th century it was located between Ifat and Solomonic tributary state of Hadiya. Taddesse Tamrat locates Bale south of the Shebelle River, which separated the kingdom from Dawaro to the north and Adal to the northeast;Taddesse Tamrat, ''Church and State in Ethiopia (1270-1527)'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 142 n. 1. Richard Pankhurst adds that its southern boundary was the Ganale Dorya River. Ulrich Braukämper, after discussing the evidence, states that this former dependency "occupied an area in the northeast of the province which later was named after it, between the mountain range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Dawaro
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day. The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate, which was further succeeded by the Umayyad Caliphate and later the Abbasid Caliphate. While the primary caliphates gradually fractured and fell, other Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Islamic empires, such as the Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. Middle East and North Africa Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia ( gez, ንጉሠ ነገሥት, nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse ( am, ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary monarchy, hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive power, executive, judicial power, judicial and legislative power in that country. A ''National Geographic'' article from 1965 called imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact [it was] a benevolent dictatorship, benevolent autocracy". Title and style The title "King of Kings", often rendered imprecisely in English as "emperor", dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, but was used in Aksumite Empire, Axum by King Sembrouthes (c. 250 AD). However, Yuri Kobishchanov dates this usage to the period following the Persian Empire, Persian victory over the Roman Empire, Romans in 296–297. The most notabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ifat Sultanate
The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around eastern Shewa or Zeila.A Concise History of Islam Hardcover page 164Encyclopedia of Africa south of the Sahara page 62 Led by the Walashma dynasty, the polity stretched from Zequalla to the port city of Zeila. The kingdom ruled over parts of what are now Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somaliland. Location According to Al-Omari, Ifat was a state close to the Red Sea coast, 15 days by 20 days "normal traveling time". The state had a river (Awash River), was well peopled and had an army of 20,000 soldiers and 15,000 horsemen. Al Umari mentioned seven cities in Ifat: Biqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme and Laboo. While reporting that its center was "a place called Walalah, probably the modern Wäläle south of Šäno in the Ěnkwoy vall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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