''Sabacon'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of the

harvestman The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of ext ...

family

Sabaconidae Sabaconidae is a family of harvestmen with 57 described species in one genus, ''Sabacon'', which is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Name The name of the type genus is derived from "Sabacon", an Egyptian king. Description This family i ...

with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened

pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and ...

s with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually not ornamented, there is a spine on one Nepalese species. Males have long, thin legs, females are stouter.Shear 1975 The genus is widespread in the temperate northern hemisphere, even extending into the subarctic, with the most southern records from caves in the southeastern United States and high elevations in

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

. The center of diversification seems to be in

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

, where many species were described from Japan,

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

and Nepal. Some species occur in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

. While the Asian and North American species are easy to differententiate from one another by male genital traits, the few European species are very similar, and seem to be closely related to ''S. cavicolens''. ''S. mitchelli'', which, like the larger ''S. cavicolens'', occurs in the eastern US, is quite different from the latter, with males lacking cheliceral glands. Species from the western US seem most closely related to Asian forms. ''S. astoriensis'' is very similar to ''S. dentipalpe'' and ''S. makinoi''; it was collected from dried seaweed and debris in

beach A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shel ...

dunes. Almost all ''Sabacon'' species prefer moist, cool microhabitats, and many species live in

cave A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...

s, but none are modified for cave life. Outside of caves they are often found in forests or shaded

ravine A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion.Sabacon akiyoshiense ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Suzuki, 1963 :* ''

Sabacon altomontanum ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Martens, 1983 (France) :* ''

Sabacon astoriensis ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Shear, 1975 (Oregon) :* † ''

Sabacon bachofeni ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Roewer, 1939 (fossil: Baltic amber) :* ''

Sabacon briggsi ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Shear, 1975 (California) :* ''

Sabacon bryantii ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' (Banks, 1898) (southeastern coastal Alaska) :* ''

Sabacon cavicolens ''Sabacon cavicolens'' is a species of harvestman. Description Males are a bit longer than 2 mm, females 5 mm. Distribution It was originally described from Bat Cave, Carter County, Kentucky and New Hampshire, and a year later found ...

'' (Packard, 1884) (eastern US) :* ''

Sabacon chomolongmae ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Martens, 1972 :* ''

Sabacon crassipalpe ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' (L. Koch, 1879) (Siberia, North America) :* ''

Sabacon dentipalpe ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Suzuki, 1949 (Japan) :* ''

Sabacon dhaulagiri ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Martens, 1972 :* ''

Sabacon distinctum ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Suzuki, 1974 :* ''

Sabacon franzi ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Roewer, 1953 :* ''

Sabacon gonggashan ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Tsurusaki & Song, 1993 (Sichuan) :* ''

Sabacon imamurai ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Suzuki, 1964 :* ''

Sabacon iriei ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Suzuki, 1974 :* ''

Sabacon ishizuchi ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Suzuki, 1974 :* '' Sabacon jiriensis'' Martens, 1972 :* '' Sabacon jonesi'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 (Alabama) :* '' Sabacon makinoi'' Suzuki, 1949 (Japan) ::* ''Sabacon makinoi makinoi'' Suzuki, 1949 ::* ''Sabacon makinoi sugimotoi'' Suzuki & Tsurusaki, 1983 :* '' Sabacon martensi'' Tsurusaki & Song, 1993 (Sichuan) :* ''

Sabacon mitchelli ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Crosby & Bishop, 1924 (North Carolina) :* '' Sabacon okadai'' Suzuki, 1941 :* ''

Sabacon palpogranulatum ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Martens, 1972 :* ''

Sabacon paradoxum ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Simon, 1879 (Pyrenees) :* ''

Sabacon pasonianum ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Glez-Luque, 1991 (cave in Spain) :* ''

Sabacon pectiginosa ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Simon, 1913 (Spain) :* '' Sabacon picosantrum'' Martens, 1983 (Spain) :* '' Sabacon pygmaeum'' Miyosi, 1942 (Japan) :* '' Sabacon relictum'' Marten, 1972 :* ''

Sabacon robusta ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Simon, 1873 (Spain) :* '' Sabacon satoikioi'' Miyosi, 1942 :* '' Sabacon sergeidedicatum'' Martens, 1989 (Siberia) :* ''

Sabacon sheari ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Cokendolpher, 1984 (Oregon) :* '' Sabacon simoni'' Dresco, 1952 :* ''

Sabacon siskiyou ''Sabacon'' is a genus of the harvestman family Sabaconidae with about forty species. Species of this genus have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Although the small eye tubercle is usually ...

'' Shear, 1975 (California, Oregon) :* '' Sabacon unicornis'' Martens, 1972 :* '' Sabacon viscayanum'' Simon, 1881 ::* ''Sabacon viscayanum ramblaianum'' Martens, 1983 (France) ::* ''Sabacon viscayanum viscayanum'' Simon, 1881

Footnotes

References

* 's Biology Catalog
Sabaconidae
* (1975): The Opilionid Genera ''Sabacon'' and ''Tomicomerus'' in America (Opiliones, Troguloidea, Ischyropsalidae). ''Journal of Arachnology'' 3(1): 5-29
PDF
(with description of ''S. cavicolens'', ''S. mitchelli'', ''S. occidentalis'', ''S. siskiyou'', ''S. astoriensis'' ''S. briggsi'', ''S. bryantii'') {{Taxonbar, from=Q1926533 Harvestmen Arachnids of Asia Cave arachnids