Saadallah Howayek ( ar, الحويك) (born 1853) was a politician from the Ottoman period. He lived in Helta,

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...

and served in the Administration Council for Mount Lebanon between the years 1902 and 1907.

Election to council

Franko Pasha was the governor of Mount Lebanon from 1868 to 1873. Saadallah Howayek was appointed as interim mutasarrif after Franko Pasha's office expired, while the Ottoman porte appointed a new governor. Saadallah Howayek was then elected into the

Maronite The Maronites ( ar, الموارنة; syr, ܡܖ̈ܘܢܝܐ) are a Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of the Middle East, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the larges ...

Batroun Batroun ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرُون '; Syriac script: ܒܬܪܘܢ ') is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District. Etymology The name ''Batr ...

seat of the Administration Council. He won his seat during the Muzaffer Pasha's (born Wladyslaw Czajkowski, from

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

, born 1843 and died 1907) rule as Mutasarrif or governor of

Mount Lebanon Mount Lebanon ( ar, جَبَل لُبْنَان, ''jabal lubnān'', ; syr, ܛܘܪ ܠܒ݂ܢܢ, ', , ''ṭūr lewnōn'' french: Mont Liban) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It averages above in elevation, with its peak at . Geography The Mount Le ...

from 1902–1907.

1910 Demonstrations

The councilors who defended this position were Saadallah Howayek (

Batrun Batroun ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرُون '; Syriac script: ܒܬܪܘܢ ') is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District. Etymology The name ''Batr ...

); Khalil Akl (

Matn Hadith studies ( ar, علم الحديث ''ʻilm al-ḥadīth'' "science of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism or hadith criticism) consists of several religious scholarly disciplines used by Muslim scholars in th ...

); Mahmoud

Jumblatt The Jumblatt family (, originally , meaning "steel-bodied" or "soul of steel"), also transliterated as Joumblatt and Junblat) is a prominent Druze family based in the Chouf area of Mount Lebanon that has dominated Druze politics since the 18th centu ...

( Druze,

Jezzine Jezzine ( ''Jizzīn'') is a town in Lebanon, located from Sidon and south of Beirut. It is the capital of Jezzine District. Surrounded by mountain peaks, pine forests (like the Bkassine Pine Forest), and at an average altitude of 950 m (3 ...

); Mohammad Sabra (

Druze The Druze (; ar, دَرْزِيٌّ, ' or ', , ') are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from Western Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion based on the teachings of ...

); Elias Chouairi (

Greek Orthodox The term Greek Orthodox Church (Greek language, Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, ''Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía'', ) has two meanings. The broader meaning designates "the Eastern Orthodox Church, entire body of Orthodox (Chalced ...

); Youssef Baridi (

Greek Catholic The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually. The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...

, Zahleh); and Mohammad Mouhsin (

Shiite Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most ...

, Keserwan) The Sunni councilor of Jezzin, the Druze councilor of Chouf (Fouad Abd el Malak), the Maronite councilor of Jezzin, and the deputy chairman (Maronite) Qabalan Abi el Lamaa did not participate in the demonstrations this year.

Political views

Many members of the council were liberal bureaucrats committed to the cause of secular authority in the Lebanon Mountain, but there was an ongoing struggle between the liberals and the clergy for the leadership of the Maronites. Some liberals, such as Saadallah Howayek, favored close cooperation with the Maronite Church who fought against liberal Maronite bishops such as Youssef Dibs, who advocated a change in the Church's attitude toward secular authority.

Political allies and enemies

Kanaan Al Daher was elected three times between the years 1888 and 1902 as representative of North Lebanon on the Administrative Council and saadallah Howayek was one of his major supporters in those elections. Saadallah Howayek won and replaced Kanaan Al Daher in the Council in the year 1903, as Kanaan Al Daher had instead been appointed as Ka'em Makam of Keserwan. Yusuf Pasha, chairman from 1907–1912 of Mount Lebanon, even after conflict with the administration council, was left with no choice but to appoint Saadallah Howayek (the leader of the liberal councilors at that time) as deputy chairman of the Council in his final years.

Exile

Many people believed that Lebanon was the Maronite Church's ideal city. This was mainly due to the communities being separated, its population predominantly Christian, and its dependence on a major power for security. Seven councilors began to promote an alternative view of the city, but were condemned as traitors and exiled in 1920. One of the leaders of this group was Saadallah Howayek, a veteran politician, the Maronite representative of Batrun in the Council, and the patriarch's brother.

Election to council

1910 Demonstrations

Political views

Political allies and enemies

Exile

See also