SS Storstad

''Storstad'' was a steam cargo ship built in 1910 by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Ltd of Newcastle for A. F. Klaveness & Co of Sandefjord, Norway. The ship was primarily employed as an ore and coal carrier doing tramp trade during her career. In May 1914 she rammed and sank the ocean liner , killing over 1,000 people.

Design and construction

''Storstad'' was laid down at Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Low Walker shipyard in Newcastle and launched on 4 October 1910 (yard number 824). As the ship was being launched, she struck a nearby steamship ''SS Dardania'' from Trieste, and had her stern damaged. After successful completion of sea trials, during which the vessel was able to reach speed of , ''Storstad'' was handed over to her owners and fully commissioned in January 1911. To operate the vessel, she was transferred to a separate company, Aktieselskabet "Maritim", owned by A. F. Klaveness.

The ship was built on the Isherwood longitudinal framing principle, and at the time of her launch was the largest vessel to be constructed in this manner. The ship was specifically designed for coal and iron ore carriage, and had very large hatches built, with 10 powerful winches installed for quick cargo discharge. As built, the ship was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam, a mean draft of . ''Storstad'' was assessed at , and had deadweight tonnage of approximately 10,650. The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 447 nhp triple-expansion steam engine, with cylinders of , , and diameter with a stroke, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to .

Operational history

Upon delivery, ''Storstad'' departed on 31 January 1911 for her maiden voyage from Newcastle for Narvik and arrived there on 4 February. The vessel loaded 9,609 tons of iron ore and sailed for Philadelphia on 11 February reaching it on 7 March. At the time, this was the largest cargo of iron ore unloaded in Philadelphia from a single ship. ''Storstad'' then proceeded to Jacksonville where she took on 6,500 tons of phosphate rock on 17 March, then continued on to Savannah and loaded 8,071 bales of cotton and departed for Hamburg on 28 March. Upon return from Europe on 20 May 1911 the ship was chartered to transport iron ore and coal from Wabana and North Sydney to Montreal and other ports along St. Lawrence River through the end of navigational season in late November.

In November 1911 the vessel was chartered for one trip to South America by the Barber Line. ''Storstad'' left New York on 3 December 1911 and arrived in Buenos Aires on 30 December, after a call at Montevideo. She then continued on to Rosario and from there sailed out back to New York. Upon arrival, the vessel was chartered by the Lamport & Holt Line for one trip to Manchester. ''Storstad'' loaded general cargo, including 1,900 bales of cotton and some food supplies, including cottonseed oil, lard and bacon, and left New York on 21 April 1912. The ship arrived in Liverpool on 4 May and upon discharging her cargo, sailed back to North America to resume her iron ore and coal trade in Canada.

After the end of navigational season in December 1912, ''Storstad'' was chartered by Gans Steamship Line and sailed to Tampa Bay, loaded 3,213 tons of phosphate pebble and then sailed to Port Eads, arriving there on 20 December. The ship took on more cargo and then sailed for Antwerp arriving there on 22 January 1913. During her journey ''Storstad'' encountered some rough weather, and arrived in port with damage about her decks, including washed overboard portion of the deckload, and some deck equipment and covers. Her No. 5 hold was also full of water. The ship arrived in Philadelphia on 28 February with iron ore from Narvik and after unloading continued to Florida. ''Storstad'' loaded 5,600 tons of phosphate pebble on 19 March at Boca Grande, then continued to Galveston where she took on 13,097 bales of cotton and departed for Hamburg on 25 March. After finishing her European charter, the ship returned to her usual Canadian trade in May 1913.

Upon fulfillment of her summer obligations, ''Storstad'' arrived at Norfolk on 20 December 1913 to load a cargo of grain bound for Italy. The vessel left on 26 December for Genoa, which she reached on 16 January 1914. On her return journey, the ship sailed via Roses and Lisbon and arrived at Philadelphia on 5 March with a cargo of cork.

Upon unloading, ''Storstad'' sailed for Norfolk where she loaded 9,700 tons of coal plus 1,100 tons in bunkers and departed for Venice on 20 March. The vessel arrived in Italy on 10 April, and upon discharging her cargo departed for North Sydney arriving there on 12 May 1914. The vessel was chartered by the Dominion Coal Company to transport coal between North Sydney and Montreal for the duration of summer navigational season.

Collision with RMS ''Empress of Ireland''

On 28 May 1914 at 16:27 , commanded by Captain Henry Kendall, departed from Quebec City with 1,057 passengers and 420 crew members on board bound for Liverpool. At around 01:30 on 29 May the liner, being just downstream of Rimouski came close to the shore to drop off her pilot near Father Point, and continued down the Saint Lawrence River. At the same time, ''Storstad'' who sailed from North Sydney to Quebec loaded with about 10,400 tons of coal on 26 May, was a short distance away down the river on her way to pick up the pilot. At around 01:38 a lookout on ''Empress of Ireland'' observed a ship off the starboard side about six miles east. Captain Kendall ordered to alter the course slightly in order to pass the oncoming ship starboard to starboard. As the course was changed, a thick fog bank rolled in and the liner was ordered Full Astern and three short blasts were given indicating she was reversing. ''Storstad'' replied with one long whistle which appeared to be coming from the starboard side.

He then ordered Full Stop and gave two more blasts, informing the oncoming vessel that ''Empress of Ireland'' was dead in the water, ''Storstad'', with First Officer Alfred Toftenes on duty, again responded with one long blast. The watch crew on ''Storstad'' initially observed the liner green light on their port side and assumed she would continue to hold her course and pass green-to-green. However, as the liner approached, the freighter's crew sighted the lights moving as if the oncoming ship was making a maneuver changing her course. First Officer Toftenes assumed the oncoming ship was trying to pass them red-to-red instead, and ordered a slight change of course to port and stopped the engines. Fearing the current would carry his ship into the liner's path he soon ordered the engines to be restarted.

Around 01:55 ''Empress of Ireland'' crew suddenly saw ''Storstad'' appear out of the fog, heading directly for them. Moments later, ''Storstad'' and ''Empress of Ireland'' collided at around a 40° angle, with the much sturdier ''Storstad'' tearing a roughly 16-ft. wide gash in the liner's starboard side between her funnels and immediately shutting down the liner's engines. Captain Kendall, hoping to use ''Storstad'' as a plug, directed the freighter by megaphone to keep going Full Ahead, but due to her onward momentum and the strong current, ''Empress of Ireland'' kept slowly moving forward, while ''Storstad'' started drifting sideways and backwards, and the two vessels soon separated. As the ships moved apart, the water gushed in at a rate of about 60,000 gallons per second, quickly filling the liner, whose watertight doors were not closed. Fourteen minutes later, ''Empress of Ireland'' sank to the riverbed, taking 1,012 people down with her.

Due to the rapidity of the sinking, only 7 lifeboats were lowered from the liner. ''Storstad'' stood by and assisted the survivors, lowering her own lifeboats and pulling 485 people from the ice cold waters of the river. Twenty of them later died from hypothermia on board the freighter. Another steamship, ''SS Lady Evelyn'', came by later to help with the rescue and took the survivors to Rimouski. ''Storstad'' had her bow smashed in and twisted but managed to limp into the port of Montreal where she was detained.

The Canadian Pacific Railway, which owned ''Empress of Ireland'', filed a $2,000,000 lawsuit for damages against A. F. Klaveness & Co, the owners of ''Storstad''. A. F. Klaveness & Co. could not pay the $2,000,000, resulting in the ''Storstad'' itself being awarded to the CPR as recompense. The CPR sold the ''Storstad'' to Prudential Trust, an insurance company acting on behalf of A. F. Klaveness & Co., for $175,000."Storstad Bought at Montreal Sale." Toronto Sunday World 8 July 1914, 34th ed.: 6. Print.

Loss

On 8 March 1917 during World War I, ''Storstad'' was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of the Fastnet Rock () by of the German Imperial Navy. Three crew members of ''Storstad'' were lost.

Notes

References

* Bibliothèque et Archives du Canada, RG 12, Transport, vol. 1245, dossier « Empress of Ireland »
Dictionary of Disaster at Sea during the Age of Steam, page 667Ship history, page 32, item 116

External links

Norway-Heritage The Collision between the S/S Empress of Ireland and the S/S Storstad

{{DEFAULTSORT:Storstad
Ships built on the River Tyne
1910 ships
World War I merchant ships of Norway
Maritime incidents in April 1914
Steamships of Norway
Merchant ships of Norway
Maritime incidents in 1917
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
Shipwrecks of Ireland
World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth