SS Fazilka

SS ''Fazilka'' was a British India Steam Navigation Company (BI) steamship. She was built in England in 1890, operated mostly in the Indian Ocean, and was wrecked in the Nicobar Islands in 1919. She was a troop ship in the Second Boer War and the First World War. From 1901 to 1907 she took Indian indentured labourers to Fiji.

In 1900, when ''Fazilka'' was returning from Natal to India, her propeller shaft broke. A P&O liner tried to tow her, but failed. ''Fazilka''s engineers eventually manaegd to repair her, and she reached Ceylon under her own power.

Building

In 1890 William Doxford & Sons at Pallion in Sunderland built a pair of sister ships for BI. Yard number 199 was laid down on 12 May 1890, launched on 17 August, and delivered on 11 October. She was named after the city of Fazilka in the Punjab. Yard number 200 was launched on 4 October as , and completed that November.

''Fazilka''s registered length was , her beam was , her depth was , and her draught was . Her tonnages were , , and . Her holds had capacity for of cargo. She had berths for 12 first class passengers, and was licensed to carry 1,650 unberthed passengers on deck.

''Fazilka'' had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion engine. It was rated at 462 NHP or 2,453 ihp, and gave her a speed of .

First decade

BI registered ''Fazilka'' at Glasgow. Her United Kingdom official number was 98578 and her code letters were LVMS. She operated in the Indian Ocean between India and East Africa, and between India and Cape Colony.

On 27 July 1892 ''Fazilka'' was approaching Calcutta from Singapore when she grounded on Hooghly Point. On a voyage in October 1897 she ran short of coal, and her crew had to burn mostof her wooden fittings to reach port.

All BI ships were designed to be converted into troop ships, by putting troop accommodation in the holds. In the Second Boer War the UK Government chartered at least 37 BI ships for war service. On 6 January 1900 ''Fazilka'' embarked part of the 16th The Queen's Lancers at Bombay (now Mumbai). On 21 January she reached Port Elizabeth in Cape Colony.

Broken propeller shaft

On 30 January 1900 ''Fazilka'' left Durban in ballast. She crossed the Indian Ocean via the Mozambique Channel and Mauritius. On 6 February, hile she was still from land, her propeller shaft broke in two places, rupturing her stern tube. Her crew shifted her ballast forward, which lowered her bow in the water and raised her propeller clear of the surface. Her engineers tried unsuccessfully to repair the shaft.

On 12 February one of her engineers, Lachlan Brown, directed the jury rigging of a set of sails on both of her masts. The next day the P&O steamship came across ''Fazilka'' and tried to tow her to Colombo in Ceylon. The tow line broke, and ''Fazilka''s Master, Captain Goss, declined further help, but accepted additional victuals.

Eventually Brown dismantled the high-pressure cylinder of ''Fazilka''s main engine in order to cannibalise its brass bearing on the crankpin. He used this to secure the propeller shaft, and used a Thompson coupling to repair the rear end break. The repair was successful, and ''Fazilka'' managed using only the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure cylinders of her engine.

On 23 March she reached Colombo under her own power. BI rewarded her engineers. Her Fourth Engineer, Joch MacDonald, was awarded a gold watch and £30.

Later career

From 1901 to 1907 ''Fazilka'' made six voyages taking Indian indentured labourers to Fiji, as shown in the table below.

In 1904 ''Fazilka'' made a voyage carrying emigrants from London to Brisbane. In July 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian auxiliary cruisers '' Kuban'' stopped and searched her in the Red Sea. ''Kuban'' allowed ''Fazilka'' to proceed.

In 1915 ''Fazilka'' served as a troop ship. In 1917 she came under the Liner Requisition Scheme. In 1918 she was returned to BI, who put her on the route between Madras (now Chennai) and the Straits Settlements.

By 1918 ''Fazilka'' was equipped with wireless telegraphy. Her call sign was GDA.

Loss

On 31 October 1919 ''Fazilka'' was en route from Penang to Calcutta when she grounded in poor weather on the east coast of Great Nicobar Island. She stayed on an even keel, but water rose in all four of her holds. Her passengers transferred to the Dutch government steamship ''Sabang'', which took them back to Penang. The next day ''Fazilka'' sank, and two of her crew were killed. The rest of her complement came ashore safely.

See also

* List of Indian indenture ships to Fiji

References

Bibliography

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{{coord missing, Indian Ocean

1890 ships
Indian indenture ships to Fiji
Maritime incidents in 1892
Maritime incidents in 1900
Maritime incidents in 1919
Ships of the British India Steam Navigation Company
Ships built on the River Wear
Shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom
World War I merchant ships of the United Kingdom