Robert Allan Weinberg (born November 11, 1942) is a biologist,
Daniel K. Ludwig
Daniel Keith Ludwig (June 24, 1897 – August 27, 1992) was an American shipping businessman, who was also involved in many other industries. He pioneered the construction of super tankers in Japan, founded Exportadora de Sal, SA in Mexico and de ...
Professor for Cancer Research at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), director of the
Ludwig Center of the
MIT, and
American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer. Established in 1913, the society is organized into six geographical regions of both medical and lay volunteers operating in more than ...
Research Professor. His research is in the area of
oncogenes
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels. and the genetic basis of human cancer.
Robert Weinberg is also affiliated with the
Broad Institute
The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (IPA: , pronunciation respelling: ), often referred to as the Broad Institute, is a biomedical and genomic research center located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The insti ...
and is a founding member of the
Whitehead Institute
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research is a non-profit research institute located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States that is dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical research. It was founded as a fiscally indepe ...
for Biomedical Research. Weinberg and
Eric Lander
Eric Steven Lander (born February 3, 1957) is an American mathematician and geneticist who served as the 11th director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President, serving on the presidential Cabinet. ...
, a colleague at M.I.T., are co-founders of Verastem, a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing drugs to treat cancer by targeting
cancer stem cells.
Career
Weinberg earned SB in Biology from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of th ...
in 1964 and PhD in Biology from the same institute in 1969. He was an instructor in biology at
Stillman College
Stillman College is a private historically black Presbyterian college in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. It awards the Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 17 disciplines/majors housed within three academic schools (Arts and Sciences, Busin ...
in
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Tuscaloosa ( ) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west-central Alabama, United States, on the Black Warrior River where the Gulf Coastal and Piedmont plains meet. Alabama's fifth-largest city, it had an estimated population o ...
(1965–1966), and a postdoc in Ernest Winocour's lab at the
Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science ( he, מכון ויצמן למדע ''Machon Vaitzman LeMada'') is a public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, 14 years before the State of Israel. It differs from other Israeli unive ...
(1969–1970) and in
Renato Dulbecco
Renato Dulbecco ( , ; February 22, 1914 – February 19, 2012) was an Italian–American virologist who won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on oncoviruses, which are viruses that can cause cancer when they infect anim ...
's lab at the
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is a scientific research institute located in the La Jolla community of San Diego, California, U.S. The independent, non-profit institute was founded in 1960 by Jonas Salk, the developer of the polio va ...
(1970–1972). He joined MIT in 1972.
Research
He is best known for his discoveries of the first human
oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels. Ras
Ras or RAS may refer to:
Arts and media
* RAS Records Real Authentic Sound, a reggae record label
* Rundfunk Anstalt Südtirol, a south Tyrolese public broadcasting service
* Rás 1, an Icelandic radio station
* Rás 2, an Icelandic radio sta ...
and the first
tumor suppressor gene
A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or re ...
Rbp. 371-381, which is partially documented in
Natalie Angier′s book,
Natural Obsessions, about her year spent in Weinberg's lab.
In the late 20th century, advances in genetics led to the discovery of over one hundred cancer cell types. Cancer cells were noted for their bewildering diversity. It was hard to identify the principles that cancers had in common.
He and
Douglas Hanahan wrote the seminal paper, "
The Hallmarks of Cancer
The hallmarks of cancer were originally six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors and have since been increased to eight capabilities and two enabling capabilities. The idea was coined by Douglas Hana ...
", published in January 2000,
that gave the six requirements for one renegade cell to cause a deadly cancer:
In 2011, they published an updated review article entitled "Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation".
Weinberg is well known for both his cancer research and for his mentorship of many eminent scientists, including
Tyler Jacks
Tyler Jacks is a David H. Koch Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a long-time HHMI investigator, and Founding Director of the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, which brings together bio ...
William C. Hahn Clifford Tabin
Clifford James Tabin (born 1954) is chairman of the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School.
Education
Tabin was educated at the University of Chicago where he was awarded a BS in physics in 1976. He went on to graduate school at Mas ...
and
Cornelia Bargmann. He is currently studying cancer cell metastasis.
He is also the author of the textbook ''The Biology of Cancer''
published by
Garland Science, as well as two important accounts intended for a wider audience: ''One Renegade Cell: How Cancer Begins'' (1999) (Science Masters Series); and ''Racing to the Beginning of the Road: The Search for the Origin of Cancer'' (1996).
, Weinberg has an
h-index
The ''h''-index is an author-level metric that measures both the productivity and citation impact of the publications, initially used for an individual scientist or scholar. The ''h''-index correlates with obvious success indicators such as ...
of 209 according to
Google Scholar
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes ...
.
Awards and honors
In 1985, Weinberg received the Golden Plate Award of the
American Academy of Achievement
The American Academy of Achievement, colloquially known as the Academy of Achievement, is a non-profit educational organization that recognizes some of the highest achieving individuals in diverse fields and gives them the opportunity to meet ...
. Weinberg won the
National Medal of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social scienc ...
and the
Keio Medical Science Prize in 1997. In 1999, he received the
Albert Einstein World Award of Science in recognition of his valuable and pioneering contributions in the field of Biomedical Sciences and for his productive trajectory related to the genetic and molecular basis of neoplastic disease. He was elected to the
American Philosophical Society
The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit ...
in 2000. He obtained the
Wolf Prize in Medicine
The Wolf Prize in Medicine is awarded annually by the Wolf Foundation in Israel. It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978; the others are in Agriculture, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Arts. The ...
in 2004 (shared with
Roger Y. Tsien), and he is a member of the
U.S. National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Natio ...
. In 2007 he received an honorary doctorate degree in commemoration of
Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
from
Uppsala University
Uppsala University ( sv, Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation.
The university rose to significance during ...
. He is a member of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for prom ...
since 1992.
In 2009 he was presented the
Hope Funds Award in Basic Research. In 2013 he was awarded the $3 million
Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work and in 2021 he received the
Japan Prize
is awarded to people from all parts of the world whose "original and outstanding achievements in science and technology are recognized as having advanced the frontiers of knowledge and served the cause of peace and prosperity for mankind." The P ...
.
Retractions
To this day Weinberg has had five research papers retracted where he is listed as a co-author. The retractions include one paper in Cell, one in Cancer Cell, two in Genes & Development and one in Cancer Research.
The reasons given for the retraction of one paper (DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.04) include: "Falsification/Fabrication of Data" and "Manipulation of Results".
See also
*
''Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies'' (2015 PBS film)
*
History of cancer
The history of cancer describes the development of the field of oncology and its role in the history of medicine.
Early diagnosis
The earliest known descriptions of cancer appear in several papyri from Ancient Egypt. The Edwin Smith Papyrus was ...
*
History of cancer chemotherapy
* ''
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer''
References
External links
*
Weinberg's page at the Whitehead Institute
Weinberg LabAppearance on WMBR's
'' radio show March 17, 2004
Weinberg interviewed in ''American Scientist''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weinberg, Robert
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
21st-century American biologists
National Medal of Science laureates
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Wolf Prize in Medicine laureates
Living people
1942 births
Jewish American scientists
Whitehead Institute faculty
American oncologists
Scientists from Pittsburgh
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Members of the American Philosophical Society
21st-century American Jews
Members of the National Academy of Medicine