Richard Joseph Neutra ( ; April 8, 1892 – April 16, 1970) was an

Austrian-American Austrian Americans (, ) are Americans of Austrian descent, chiefly German-speaking Catholics and Jews. According to the 2000 U.S. census, there were 735,128 Americans of full or partial Austrian descent, accounting for 0.3% of the population. The ...

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

. Living and building for the majority of his career in

Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most populous urban ...

, he came to be considered a prominent and important modernist architect. He mainly built suburban

single-family detached home A stand-alone house (also called a single-detached dwelling, detached residence or detached house) is a free-standing residential building. It is sometimes referred to as a single-family home, as opposed to a multi-family residential dwelli ...

s for wealthy clients. His most notable works include the

Kaufmann Desert House The Kaufmann Desert House, or simply the Kaufmann House, is a house in Palm Springs, California, that was designed by architect Richard Neutra in 1946. It was commissioned by Edgar J. Kaufmann, Sr., a businessman who also commissioned Fallingwat ...

in Palm Springs, California.

Biography

Neutra was born in Leopoldstadt, the second district of

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Austria Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, on April 8, 1892, into a wealthy

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

family. His Jewish-Hungarian father Samuel Neutra (1844–1920) was a proprietor of a metal foundry, and his mother, Elizabeth "Betty" Glaser Neutra (1851–1905) was a member of the IKG Wien. Richard had two brothers who also emigrated to the United States, and a sister, Josephine Theresia "Pepi" Weixlgärtner, an artist who was married to the Austrian art historian

Arpad Weixlgärtner Arpad Weixlgärtner (6 April 1872 – 2 February 1961) was an Austrian art historian. Early life and education Weixlgärtner was born on 6 April 1872 in Vienna in an artistic family; his father a Hungarian count and his grandfather a landscape ...

and who emigrated later to Sweden, where her work can be seen at The Museum of Modern Art. Neutra attended the Sophiengymnasium in Vienna until 1910. He studied under Max Fabiani and Karl Mayreder at the Vienna University of Technology (1910–18), and also attended the private architecture school of Adolf Loos. In 1912 he undertook a study trip to Italy and the Balkans with Ernst Ludwig Freud (son of

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts i ...

). In June 1914, Neutra's studies were interrupted when he was ordered to Trebinje, where he served as an lieutenant in the artillery until the end of the war. Dione Neutra recalled her husband Richard's hatred of the retribution against the

Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Serbia, culture, History of ...

in an interview conducted in 1978 after his death: “He talked about the people he met .e. in Trebinje… how his commander was a sadist, who was able to play out his sadistic tendencies … . He was just a small town clerk in Vienna, but then he became his commander.” Neutra took a leave in 1917 to return to the Technische Hochschule to take his final examinations. After World War I, Neutra went to Switzerland where he worked with the landscape architect Gustav Ammann. In 1921 he served briefly as city architect in the German town of Luckenwalde, and later in the same year he joined the office of

Erich Mendelsohn Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic Functionalism (architecture), functionalism in his projects for department ...

in Berlin. Neutra contributed to the firm's competition entry for a new commercial centre for Haifa, Palestine (1922), and to the Zehlendorf housing project in Berlin (1923). He married Dione Niedermann, the daughter of an architect, in 1922. They had three sons, Frank L (1924–2008), Dion (1926–2019) an architect and his father's partner, and Raymond Richard (1939–) a physician and environmental epidemiologist. Neutra moved to the United States by 1923 and became a naturalized citizen in 1929. Neutra worked briefly for

Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements o ...

before accepting an invitation from his close friend and university companion Rudolf Schindler to work and live communally in Schindler's

Kings Road House The Schindler House, also known as the Schindler Chace House or Kings Road House, is a house in West Hollywood, California, designed by architect Rudolph Schindler (architect), Rudolph M. Schindler. The house serves as headquarters to the MAK C ...

in California. Neutra's first work in Los Angeles was in landscape architecture, where he provided the design for the garden of Schindler's beach house (1922–25), designed for Philip Lovell, Newport Beach, and for a pergola and wading pool for Wright and Schindler's complex for Aline Barnsdall on Olive Hill (1925), Hollywood. Schindler and Neutra collaborated on an entry for the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference th ...

Competition of 1926–27; in the same year they formed a firm with the planner Carol Aronovici (1881–1957) called the Architectural Group for Industry and Commerce (AGIC). He subsequently developed his own practice and went on to design numerous buildings embodying the International Style, twelve of which are designated as Historic Cultural Monuments (HCM), including the Lovell Health House (HCM #123; 1929) and the Richard and Dion Neutra VDL Research House (HCM #640; 1966). In California, he became celebrated for rigorously geometric but airy structures that symbolized a West Coast variation on the mid-century modern residence. Clients included

Edgar J. Kaufmann Edgar Jonas Kaufmann (November 1, 1885 – April 15, 1955) was an American businessman and philanthropist who owned and directed Kaufmann's Department Store, in Pittsburgh. He is also known for commissioning two modern architectural masterpiece ...

, Galka Scheyer, and

Walter Conrad Arensberg Walter Conrad Arensberg (April 4, 1878 – January 29, 1954) was an American art collector, critic and poet. His father was part owner and president of a crucible steel company. He majored in English and philosophy at Harvard University. With his w ...

. In the early 1930s, Neutra's Los Angeles practice trained several young architects who went on to independent success, including

Gregory Ain Gregory Samuel Ain (March 28, 1908 – January 9, 1988) was an American architect active in the mid-20th century. Working primarily in the Los Angeles area, Ain is best known for bringing elements of modern architecture to lower- and medium ...

, Harwell Hamilton Harris, and Raphael Soriano. In 1932, he tried to move to the Soviet Union, to help design workers' housing that could be easily constructed, as a means of helping with the housing shortage. In 1932, Neutra was included in the seminal

MoMA Moma may refer to: People * Moma Clarke (1869–1958), British journalist * Moma Marković (1912–1992), Serbian politician * Momčilo Rajin (born 1954), Serbian art and music critic, theorist and historian, artist and publisher Places ; ...

exhibition on modern architecture, curated by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. In 1949 Neutra formed a partnership with Robert E. Alexander that lasted until 1958, which finally gave him the opportunity to design larger commercial and institutional buildings. In 1955, the

United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other na ...

commissioned Neutra to design a new embassy in Karachi. Neutra's appointment was part of an ambitious program of architectural commissions to renowned architects, which included embassies by Walter Gropius in Athens, Edward Durrell Stone in New Delhi, Marcel Breuer in The Hague, Josep Lluis Sert in Baghdad, and

Eero Saarinen Eero Saarinen (, ; August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish-American architect and industrial designer noted for his wide-ranging array of designs for buildings and monuments. Saarinen is best known for designing the General Motors ...

in London. In 1965, Neutra formed a partnership with his son Dion Neutra. Between 1960 and 1970, Neutra created eight villas in Europe, four in Switzerland, three in Germany, and one in France. Prominent clients in this period included Gerd Bucerius, publisher of ''

Die Zeit ''Die Zeit'' (, "The Time") is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles. History Th ...

'', as well as figures from commerce and science. His work was also part of the architecture event in the art competition at the

1932 Summer Olympics The 1932 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the X Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1932) were an international multi-sport event held from July 30 to August 14, 1932 in Los Angeles, California, United States. The Games were held duri ...

. Richard Joseph Neutra died on April 16, 1970, at the age of 78.

Architectural style

He was known for the attention he gave to defining the real needs of his clients, regardless of the size of the project, in contrast to other architects eager to impose their artistic vision on a client. Neutra sometimes used detailed questionnaires to discover his client's needs, much to their surprise. His domestic architecture was a blend of art, landscape, and practical comfort. In a 1947 article for the ''

Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the ...

'', "The Changing House," Neutra emphasizes the "ready-for-anything" plan – stressing an open, multifunctional plan for living spaces that are flexible, adaptable and easily modified for any type of life or event. Neutra had a sharp sense of irony. In his autobiography, ''Life and Shape'', he included a playful anecdote about an anonymous movie producer-client who electrified the moat around the house that Neutra designed for him and had his Persian butler fish out the bodies in the morning and dispose of them in a specially designed incinerator. This was a much-embellished account of an actual client,

Josef von Sternberg Josef von Sternberg (; born Jonas Sternberg; May 29, 1894 – December 22, 1969) was an Austrian-American filmmaker whose career successfully spanned the transition from the silent to the sound era, during which he worked with most of the major ...

, who indeed had a moated house but not an electrified one. The novelist/philosopher

Ayn Rand Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum;, . Most sources transliterate her given name as either ''Alisa'' or ''Alissa''. , 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (), was a Russian-born American writer and p ...

was the second owner of the Von Sternberg House in the San Fernando Valley (now destroyed). A photo of Neutra and Rand at the home was taken by

Julius Shulman Julius Shulman (October 10, 1910 – July 15, 2009) was an American architectural photographer best known for his photograph " Case Study House #22, Los Angeles, 1960. Pierre Koenig, Architect." The house is also known as the Stahl House. Shulman ...

. Neutra's early watercolors and drawings, most of them of places he traveled (particularly his trips to the Balkans in WWI) and portrait sketches, showed influence from artists such as

Gustav Klimt Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's pr ...

, Egon Schiele etc. Neutra's sister Josefine, who could draw, is cited as developing Neutra's inclination towards drawing.

Legacy

Neutra's son Dion has kept the Silver Lake offices designed and built by his father open as "Richard and Dion Neutra Architecture" in Los Angeles. The

Neutra Office Building The Neutra Office Building is a office building in the Silver Lake section of Los Angeles, California. The building was owned and designed by Modernist architect Richard Neutra in 1950. It served as the studio and office for Neutra's architec ...

is listed on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic ...

. In 1980, Neutra's widow donated the Van der Leeuw House (VDL Research House), then valued at $207,500, to

California State Polytechnic University, Pomona California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona, CPP, or Cal Poly"Cal Poly" may also refer to California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo in San Luis Obispo. See the ''name'' section of this article for more infor ...

(Cal Poly Pomona) to be used by the university's College of Environmental Design faculty and students. In 2011, the Neutra-designed Kronish House (1954) at 9439 Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills sold for $12.8 million. In 2009, the exhibition "Richard Neutra, Architect: Sketches and Drawings" at the Los Angeles Central Library featured a selection of Neutra's travel sketches, figure drawings and building renderings. An exhibition on the architect's work in Europe between 1960 and 1979 was mounted by the MARTa Herford, Germany. The

was restored by Marmol Radziner + Associates in the mid-1990s. The typeface family Neutraface, designed by

Christian Schwartz Christian Schwartz (born December 30, 1977 in Concord, New Hampshire, United States) is an American type designer. He has been awarded the German Design Award and the Prix Charles Peignot. Life A graduate of the Communication Design program a ...

for

House Industries House Industries is a type foundry and design studio based in Yorklyn, Delaware. The company was created in the 1990s in Wilmington, Delaware by co-founders Andy Cruz and Rich Roat. The company is best known for its typeface creations, which hav ...

, was based on Richard Neutra's architecture and design principles. In 1977, he was posthumously awarded the AIA Gold Medal, and in 2015, he was honored with a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars in Palm Springs, California.

Lost works

Neutra's 14,000 sqf "Windshield" house built on Fishers Island, NY for

John Nicholas Brown II John Nicholas Brown II (February 21, 1900 – October 10, 1979) was the United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR) from 1946 to 1949. He was a member of the Brown family that had been active in American life since before the American Rev ...

burned down on New Year's Eve 1973 and was not rebuilt. The 1935 Von Sternberg House in Northridge, California was demolished in 1972. Neutra's 1960 ''Fine Arts Building'' at

California State University, Northridge California State University, Northridge (CSUN or Cal State Northridge) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. With a total enrollment of 38,551 students (as of Fall 2021), it has the second largest un ...

was demolished in 1997, three years after suffering severe damage in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The 1962 Maslon House in Rancho Mirage, California, was demolished in 2002. Neutra's

Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg The Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg was a historic modernist concrete and glass Mission 66 building dedicated November 19, 1962 by the National Park Service (NPS) to serve as a Gettysburg Battlefield visitor center, to exhibit the 1883 Paul Phi ...

was demolished by the National Park Service in March 2013. The Slavin House (1956) in

Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara ( es, Santa Bárbara, meaning " Saint Barbara") is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West ...

was destroyed in a fire in 2001.

Selected works

* Jardinette Apartments, 1928, 5128 Marathon Street,

Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California The Hollywood Hills are a residential neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. Geography The Hollywood Hills straddle the Cahuenga Pass within the Santa Monica Mountains. The neighborhood touches Studio City, Univer ...

Lovell House The Lovell House or Lovell Health House is an International style modernist residence designed and built by Richard Neutra between 1927 and 1929. The home, located at 4616 Dundee Drive in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, ...

, 1929,

Los Angeles, California Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, largest city in the U.S. state, state of California and the List of United States cities by population, sec ...

* Van der Leeuw House (VDL Research House), 1932,

* Mosk House, 1933, 2742 Hollyridge Drive,

Hollywood, California Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. Its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the U.S. film industry and the people associated with it. Many notable film studios, such as Columbia Picture ...

* Nathan and Malve Koblick House, 1933, 98 Fairview Avenue, Atherton, California * Universal-International Building ( Laemmle Building), 1933, 6300 Hollywood Boulevard,

Hollywood, Los Angeles, California Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. Its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the U.S. film industry and the people associated with it. Many notable film studios, such as Columbia Pictur ...

* Scheyer House, 1934, 1880 Blue Heights Drive,

* William and Melba Beard House (with Gregory Ain), 1935, 1981 Meadowbrook,

Altadena Altadena () ("Alta", Spanish for "Upper", and "dena" from Pasadena) is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in the Verdugo Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California, approximately 14 miles (23 km) from the downtown L ...

* California Military Academy, 1935,

Culver City, California Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,779. Founded in 1917 as a "whites only" sundown town, it is now an ethnically diverse city with what was called the "third-most ...

* Corona Avenue Elementary School, 1935, 3835 Bell Avenue,

Bell, California Bell is an incorporated city in Los Angeles County, California, near the center of the former San Antonio Township (abolished after 1960). Its population was 35,477 at the 2010 census, down from 36,664 in the 2000 census. Bell is located on the ...

* Largent House, 1935, 49 Hopkins Avenue at the corner of Burnett Avenue, San Francisco. Building was demolished by new owners and , they have been ordered to rebuild an exact replica. * Von Sternberg House, 1935, San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles * Sten and Frenke House ( Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #647), 1934, 126 Mabery Road, Santa Monica
The Neutra House Project
1935, Restoration of the Neutra "Orchard House" in

Los Altos, California Los Altos (; Spanish for "The Heights") is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 31,625 according to the 2020 census. Most of the city's growth occurred between 1950 and 1980. Originally ...

* Josef Kun House, 1936, 7960 Fareholm Drive, Nichols Canyon,

* Darling House, 1937, 90 Woodland Avenue, San Francisco, California
George Kraigher House
1937, 525 Paredes Line Road, Brownsville, Texas * Landfair Apartments, 1937,

Westwood, Los Angeles, California Westwood is a commercial and residential neighborhood in the northern central portion of the Westside region of Los Angeles, California. It is the home of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Bordering the campus on the south ...

* Strathmore Apartments, 1937,

* Aquino Duplex, 1937, 2430 Leavenworth Street, San Francisco *

Leon Barsha Leon Barsha (December 26, 1905 November 13, 1964) was an American film producer, editor and director. As a producer and director he was best known for making films in the Western genre. In his later years he concentrated especially on editing. ...

House (with P. Pfisterer), 1937, 302 Mesa Road, Pacific Palisades, California * Miller House, 1937, Palm Springs, California * Windshield House, 1938,

Fisher's Island, New York Fishers Island (Pequot: ''Munnawtawkit'') is an island that is part of Southold, New York, United States at the eastern end of Long Island Sound, off the southeastern coast of Connecticut across Fishers Island Sound. About long and wide, it ...

* Albert Lewin House, 1938, 512-514 Palisades Beach Road, Santa Monica, Los Angeles * Emerson Junior High School, 1938, 1650 Selby Avenue,

West Los Angeles, California West Los Angeles is an area within the city of Los Angeles, California. The residential and commercial neighborhood is divided by the Interstate 405 freeway, and each side is sometimes treated as a distinct neighborhood, mapped differently by di ...

Ward-Berger House
1939, 3156 North Lake Hollywood Drive,

* Kelton Apartments,

Westwood, Los Angeles Westwood is a commercial and residential neighborhood in the northern central portion of the Westside region of Los Angeles, California. It is the home of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Bordering the campus on the south ...

* Sidney Kahn House, 1940, Telegraph Hill, San Francisco * Beckstrand House, 1940, 1400 Via Montemar,

Palos Verdes Estates Palos Verdes Estates (''Palos Verdes'', Spanish for "Green Sticks") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated on the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The city was master-planned by the noted American landscape architect and p ...

, Los Angeles County * Bonnet House, 1941, 2256 El Contento Drive,

* Neutra/Maxwell House, 1941, 475 N. Bowling Green Way, Brentwood, Los Angeles (Moved to Angelino Heights in 2008.) * Van Cleef Residence, 1942, 651 Warner Avenue,

* Geza Rethy House, 1942, 2101 Santa Anita Avenue, Sierra Madre, California * Channel Heights Housing Projects, 1942,

San Pedro, California San Pedro ( ; Spanish: "St. Peter") is a neighborhood within the City of Los Angeles, California. Formerly a separate city, it consolidated with Los Angeles in 1909. The Port of Los Angeles, a major international seaport, is partially located wi ...

* John Nesbitt House, 1942, 414 Avondale, Brentwood, Los Angeles *

, 1946, Palm Springs, California * Stuart Bailey House, 1948,

Pacific Palisades, California Pacific Palisades is a neighborhood in the Westside region of Los Angeles, California, situated about west of Downtown Los Angeles. Pacific Palisades was formally founded in 1921 by a Methodist organization, and in the years that followed be ...

(Case Study 20A) * Case Study Houses #6, #13, #20A, #21A * Schmidt House, 1948, 1460 Chamberlain Road, Linda Vista, Pasadena, California * Joseph Tuta House, 1948, 1800 Via Visalia, Palos Verdes, California * Holiday House Motel, 1948, 27400 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, California * Elkay Apartments, 1948, 638-642 Kelton Avenue, Westwood, Los Angeles * Gordon Wilkins House, 1949, 528 South Hermosa Place, South Pasadena, California * Alpha Wirin House, 1949, 2622 Glendower Avenue,

Los Feliz, Los Angeles Los Feliz (, ; Spanish for "The Feliz amily, ) is a hillside neighborhood in the greater Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, abutting Hollywood and encompassing part of the Santa Monica Mountains. The neighborhood is named after the F ...

* Hines House, 1949, 760 Via Somonte, Palos Verdes, California * Atwell House, 1950, 1411 Atwell Road, El Cerrito, California * Nick Helburn House, 1950, Sourdough Road,

Bozeman, Montana Bozeman is a city and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest Montana, the 2020 census put Bozeman's population at 53,293, making it the fourth-largest city in Montana. It is the principal city o ...

— Neutra's design studio from 1950 to 1970 * Kester Avenue Elementary School, 5353 Kester Avenue, Los Angeles (with

Dion Neutra Dion Neutra (October 8, 1926 – November 24, 2019) was a modernist / International style American architect and consultant who worked originally with his father, Richard Neutra (1892–1970). Life Neutra started training with his father at ...

), 1951, Sherman Oaks, California * Everist House, 1951, 200 W. 45th Street,

Sioux City, Iowa Sioux City () is a city in Woodbury and Plymouth counties in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 85,797 in the 2020 census, making it the fourth-largest city in Iowa. The bulk of the city is in Woodbury County ...

* Moore House, 1952, Ojai, California (received

AIA AIA or A.I.A. or Aia may refer to: Aia * Aia, a small town in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, Spain * Aia, current Kutaisi, ancient capital of Colchis * Aia, another name for Aea (Malis), an ancient town in Greece * ''Aia'', the collected edi ...

award) * Perkins House, 1952–55, 1540 Poppypeak Drive, Pasadena,

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

* Schaarman House, 1953, 7850 Torreyson Drive,

* Olan G. and Aida T. Hafley House, 1953, 5561 East La Pasada Street, Long Beach * Brown House, 1955, 10801 Chalon Road, Bel Air, Los Angeles * Kronish House, 1955, Beverly Hills, California * Sidney R. Troxell House, 1956, 766 Paseo Miramar, Pacific Palisades, California * Chuey House, 1956, 2460 Sunset Plaza Drive,

* Clark House, 1957,

Pasadena, California Pasadena ( ) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most populous city and the primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley. Old Pasadena is the city's original commercial district. ...

* Airman's Memorial Chapel, 1957, 5702 Bauer Road, Miramar, California * Sorrell's House, 1957, Old State Highway 127, Shoshone, California * Ferro Chemical Company Building, 1957,

Cleveland Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the United States, U.S. U.S. state, state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along ...

Ohio Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...

* The Lew House, 1958, 1456 Sunset Plaza Drive, Los Angeles * Connell House, 1958, Pebble Beach, California * Mellon Hall and Francis Scott Key Auditorium, 1958, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland * Riviera United Methodist Church, 1958, 375 Palos Verdes Boulevard, Redondo Beach *

Loring House Loring may refer to: Places ;Canada *Port Loring, Ontario, a community in Parry Sound District *Loring-Wyle Parkette, a small Toronto park ;United States *Loring, Alaska, a census-designated place in Ketchikan Gateway Borough *Loring, Missouri, a ...

, 1959, 2456 Astral Drive, Los Angeles (addition by Escher GuneWardena Architecture, 2006 * Singleton House, 1959, 15000 Mulholland Drive,

* Oyler House, 1959 Lone Pine, California * UCLA Lab School, 1959 (with Robert Alexander) * Garden Grove Community Church, Community Church, 1959 (Fellowship Hall and Offices), 1961 (Sanctuary), 1968 (Tower of Hope),

Garden Grove, California Garden Grove is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, located just southwest of Disneyland (located in Anaheim, CA). The population was 171,949 at the 2020 census. State Route 22, also known as the Garden Grove Freeway, ...

* Three senior officer's quarters on

Mountain Home Air Force Base Mountain Home Air Force Base is a United States Air Force (USAF) installation in the western United States. Located in southwestern Idaho in Elmore County, the base is southwest of Mountain Home, which is southeast of Boise via Interstat ...

, Idaho, 1959 * Julian Bond House, 1960, 4449 Yerba Santa,

San Diego, California San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United Stat ...

* R.J. Neutra Elementary School, 1960, Naval Air Station Lemoore, in

Lemoore, California Lemoore (formerly, La Tache and Lee Moore's) is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Lemoore is located west-southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of . It is part of the Hanford-Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25 ...

(designed in 1929) * Buena Park Swim Stadium and Recreation Center, 1960, 7225 El Dorado Drive,

Buena Park, California Buena Park (''Buena'', Spanish for "Good") is a city in Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census its population was 84,034. It is the location of several tourist attractions, namely Knott's Berry Farm. It is about 12 m ...

* Palos Verdes High School, 1961, 600 Cloyden Road, Palos Verdes, California * Haus Rang, 1961,

Königstein im Taunus Königstein im Taunus () is a health spa and lies on the thickly wooded slopes of the Taunus in Hesse, Germany. The town is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Owing to its advantageous location for both scenery and transport on the ...

, Germany * Hans Grelling House/Casa Tuia on Monte Verità, 1961, Strada del Roccolo 11, Ascona, Tessin, Switzerland * Los Angeles County Hall of Records, 1962,

. * Gettysburg Cyclorama, 1962, Gettysburg National Military Park, Pennsylvania * Gonzales Gorrondona House, 1962, Avenida la Linea 65, Sabana Grande, Caracas, Venezuela * Bewobau Residences, 1963, Quickborn near

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

, Germany * Mariners Medical Arts, 1963, Newport Beach, California * Painted Desert Visitor Center, 1963, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona * United States Embassy, (later US Consulate General until 2011), 1959, Abdullaha Haroon Road, Karachi, Pakistan * Swirbul Library, 1963,

Adelphi University Adelphi University is a private university in Garden City, New York. Adelphi also has centers in Manhattan, Hudson Valley, and Suffolk County. There is also a virtual, online campus for remote students. It is the oldest institution of higher edu ...

, Garden City, New York * Kuhns House, 1964, Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California * Rice House (

), 1964, 1000 Old Locke Lane,

Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...

* VDL II Research House, 1964, (rebuilt with son

)

* Rentsch House, 1965, Wengen near Berne in Switzerland; Landscape architect: Ernst Cramer * Ebelin Bucerius House, 1962–1965, Brione sopra Minusio in Switzerland; Landscape architect: Ernst Cramer * Roberson Memorial Center, 1965, Binghamton, New York * Haus Kemper, 1965,

Wuppertal Wuppertal (; "''Wupper Dale''") is, with a population of approximately 355,000, the seventh-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia as well as the 17th-largest city of Germany. It was founded in 1929 by the merger of the cities and tow ...

, Germany * Sports and Congress Center, 1965,

Reno Reno ( ) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is th ...

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...

* Delcourt House, 1968–69, Croix,

Nord Nord, a word meaning "north" in several European languages, may refer to: Acronyms * National Organization for Rare Disorders, an American nonprofit organization * New Orleans Recreation Department, New Orleans, Louisiana, US Film and televisi ...

, France * Haus Pescher, 1969,

, Germany * Haus Jürgen Tillmanns, 1970, Stettfurt, Thurgau, Switzerland File:Gettysburg Cyclorama Building.jpg, Cyclorama Building, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania File:Jardinette Apartments (Richard Neutra), Hollywood.JPG, Jardinette Apartments, Hollywood File:Kaufman Desert Home.jpg,

, Palm Springs, California. File:6207-GardenGroveCommunityDriveInChurch.jpg, Garden Grove Community Church, Garden Grove, CA File:OldUSConsulateKarachi.jpg, The former US embassy (later consulate) in Karachi, Pakistan

Publications

* 1927: ''Wie Baut Amerika? (How America Builds)'' (Julius Hoffman) * 1930: ''Amerika: Die Stilbildung des neuen Bauens in den Vereinigten Staaten'' (Anton Schroll Verlag). New Ways of Building in the World eries vol. 2. Edited by

El Lissitzky Lazar Markovich Lissitzky (russian: link=no, Ла́зарь Ма́ркович Лиси́цкий, ; – 30 December 1941), better known as El Lissitzky (russian: link=no, Эль Лиси́цкий; yi, על ליסיצקי), was a Russian artist ...

. * 1935: * 1948: ''Architecture of Social Concern in Regions of Mild Climate'' (Gerth Todtman) * 1951: ''Mystery and Realities of the Site'' (Morgan & Morgan) * 1954: ''Survival Through Design'' (Oxford University Press) * 1956: ''Life and Human Habitat'' (Alexander Koch Verlag). * 1961: ''Welt und Wohnung'' (Alexander Kock Verlag) * 1962: ''Life and Shape: an Autobiography'' (Appleton-Century-Crofts), reprinted 2009 (Atara Press) * 1962: ''Auftrag für morgen'' (Claassen Verlag) * 1962: ''World and Dwelling'' (Universe Books) * 1970: ''Naturnahes Bauen'' (Alexander Koch Verlag) * 1971: ''Building With Nature'' (Universe Books) * 1974: ''Wasser Steine Licht'' (Parey Verlag) * 1977: ''Bauen und die Sinneswelt'' (Verlag der Kunst) * 1989: ''Nature Near: The Late Essays of Richard Neutra'' (Capra Press)

References

Other sources

* ** reprinted in 1975 by Praeger * ** reprinted in 1994 by the University of California Press ** reprinted in 2006 by Rizzoli Publications * * * * * * Publications on Richard Neutra: Harriet Roth; Richard Neutra in ''Berlin, Die Geschichte der Zehlendorfer Häuser'', Berlin 2016. Hatje Cantz publishers. Harriet Roth; ''Richard Neutra. The Story of the Berlin Houses 1920–1924'', Berlin 2019. Hatje Cantz publishers. Harriet Roth; ''Richard Neutra. Architekt in Berlin,'' Berlin 2019. Hentrich&Hentrich publishers.

External links

Finding Aid for the Richard and Dion Neutra Papers

UCLA Library The library system of the University of California, Los Angeles, is one of the largest academic research libraries in North America, with a collection of over twelve million books and 100,000 serials. The UCLA Library System is spread over 12 libr ...

Special Collections.
Digitized plans, sketches, photographs, texts from the Richard and Dion Neutra Collection

Special Collections.
Jan De Graaff Residence architectural drawings and photographs, circa 1940s
http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da.html/ Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives]
Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University

Richard Joseph Neutra papers, 1927-1978 Held in the Dept. of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University, New York City

Neutra Institute for Survival Through Design (NISTD)

Neutra biography at r20thcentury.com

Info and photos from Winkens.ie

History, plans and photographs of the VDL I & VDL II Research Houses

Neutra VDL Studio and Residences iPad App

* ttps://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/2011/05/r-m-schindler-richard-neutra-and-louis.html R. M. Schindler, Richard Neutra and Louis Sullivan's "Kindergarten Chats"
Foundations of Los Angeles Modernism: Richard Neutra's Mod Squad

Richard Joseph Neutra papers, 1927-1978, held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
*Finding aid for Thomas S. Hines interviews regarding Richard J. Neutra. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles. Accession No. 2010.M.58. Interviewees include Neutra's family, friends, business associates, clients, and Los Angeles architects. {{DEFAULTSORT:Neutra, Richard International style architects Modernist architects from the United States Jewish architects American people of Austrian-Jewish descent 1892 births 1970 deaths 01 Austrian architects Modernist architects California State Polytechnic University, Pomona faculty 20th-century Austrian people Austrian Jews Austrian expatriates in Germany Austrian emigrants to the United States Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany People from Leopoldstadt 20th-century American architects Olympic competitors in art competitions Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal