Return to Forever was an American

jazz fusion Jazz fusion (also known as fusion and progressive jazz) is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and jazz improvisation, improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. Electric guitars, ...

band that was founded by pianist

Chick Corea Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was an American jazz composer, pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, and occasional percussionist. His compositions "Spain", " 500 Miles High", "La Fiesta", "Armando's Rhumba", and ...

in 1972. The band has had many members, with the only consistent bandmate of Corea's being bassist

Stanley Clarke Stanley Clarke (born June 30, 1951) is an American bassist, film composer and founding member of Return to Forever, one of the first jazz fusion bands. Clarke gave the bass guitar a prominence it lacked in jazz-related music. He is the first jaz ...

. Along with

Weather Report Weather Report was an American jazz fusion band active from 1970 to 1986. The band was founded in 1970 by Austrian virtuoso keyboardist Joe Zawinul, American saxophonist Wayne Shorter, Czech bassist Miroslav Vitouš, American drummer and voca ...

The Headhunters The Headhunters are an American jazz fusion band formed by Herbie Hancock in 1973. The group fused jazz, funk, and rock music. History (and name) Hancock had grown dissatisfied with his prior band, Mwandishi, and wanted to make a band with a s ...

, and

Mahavishnu Orchestra The Mahavishnu Orchestra were a jazz fusion band formed in New York City in 1971, led by English guitarist John McLaughlin. The group underwent several line-up changes throughout its history across its two periods of activity, from 1971 to 1976 a ...

, Return to Forever is often cited as one of the core groups of the jazz-fusion movement of the 1970s. Several musicians, including Clarke, Flora Purim,

Airto Moreira Airto Guimorvan Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian jazz drummer and percussionist. He is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer. Coming to prominence in the late 1960s as a member of the ...

and Al Di Meola, came to prominence through their performances on Return to Forever albums. After playing on

Miles Davis Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Davis adopted a variety of music ...

's jazz-fusion albums ''

In a Silent Way ''In a Silent Way'' is a studio album by American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader Miles Davis, released on July 30, 1969, on Columbia Records. Produced by Teo Macero, the album was recorded in one session date on February 18, 1969, at CBS ...

'' (1969) and '' Bitches Brew'' (1970), Corea formed an

avant-garde jazz Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz and experimental jazz) is a style of music and improvisation that combines avant-garde art music and composition with jazz. It originated in the early 1950s and developed through to the late 1960s. Orig ...

band called

Circle A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. Equivalently, it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is const ...

with

Dave Holland David “Dave” Holland (born 1 October 1946) is an English jazz double bassist, composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades. He has lived in the United States for over 40 years. His extensive discography r ...

Anthony Braxton Anthony Braxton (born June 4, 1945) is an American experimental composer, educator, music theorist, improviser and multi-instrumentalist who is best known for playing saxophones, particularly the alto. Braxton grew up on the South Side of Chica ...

and

Barry Altschul Barry Altschul (born January 6, 1943, New York City) is a free jazz and hard bop drummer who first came to notice in the late 1960s for performing with pianists Paul Bley and Chick Corea. Biography Altschul is of Russian Jewish heritage, the s ...

. In 1972, after converting to

Scientology Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement. It has been variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. The most recent published census data indi ...

, Corea decided he wanted to communicate better with his audience. This meant performing a more accessible style of music than avant-garde jazz. Return to Forever first disbanded in 1977 after five years and seven studio albums. The band never released another studio album, but occasionally reunited for live performances until Corea's death in 2021.

History

First group (1972–1973)

The first edition of Return to Forever performed primarily

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

-oriented music. This initial band consisted of singer and percussionist Flora Purim, her husband

(both Brazilians) on

drums A drum kit (also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums) is a collection of drums, cymbals, and other Percussion instrument, auxiliary percussion instruments set up to be played by one person. The player (drummer) typically holds a pair o ...

and percussion, Corea's longtime musical co-worker

Joe Farrell Joseph Carl Firrantello (December 16, 1937 – January 10, 1986), known as Joe Farrell, was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist who primarily performed as a saxophonist and flutist. He is best known for a series of albums under his own name o ...

saxophone The saxophone (often referred to colloquially as the sax) is a type of single-reed woodwind instrument with a conical body, usually made of brass. As with all single-reed instruments, sound is produced when a reed on a mouthpiece vibrates to pr ...

and

flute The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...

, and the young

on bass. Within this first line-up in particular, Clarke played acoustic

double bass The double bass (), also known simply as the bass () (or #Terminology, by other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched Bow (music), bowed (or plucked) string instrument in the modern orchestra, symphony orchestra (excluding unorthodox addit ...

in addition to

electric bass The bass guitar, electric bass or simply bass (), is the lowest-pitched member of the string family. It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or an acoustic guitar, but with a longer neck The ...

. Corea's Fender Rhodes electric piano formed the basis of this group's sound; he had yet to discover synthesizers, his trademark sound in the group's later years. Clarke and Farrell were given ample solo space themselves. While Purim's vocals lent some commercial appeal to the music, many of their compositions were also instrumental and somewhat experimental in nature. The music was composed by Corea with the exception of the title track of the second album which was written by Stanley Clarke. Lyrics were often written by Corea's friend Neville Potter, and were quite often Scientology-themed. Clarke himself became involved in Scientology through Corea, despite leaving the religion for a period during the 1980s. Their first album, titled simply ''

Return to Forever Return to Forever was an American jazz fusion band that was founded by pianist Chick Corea in 1972. The band has had many members, with the only consistent bandmate of Corea's being bassist Stanley Clarke. Along with Weather Report, The Headhu ...

'', was recorded for

ECM Records ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's a ...

in 1972, and was initially released only in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

. This album featured Corea's now famous compositions "Crystal Silence" and "La Fiesta". Shortly afterwards, Corea, Airto, Clarke and Tony Williams formed the band for

Stan Getz Stanley Getz (February 2, 1927 – June 6, 1991) was an American jazz saxophonist. Playing primarily the tenor saxophone, Getz was known as "The Sound" because of his warm, lyrical tone, with his prime influence being the wispy, mellow timbre of ...

's album '' Captain Marvel'' (1972), which featured Corea's compositions, including some from the first and second Return to Forever albums. Their second album, ''

Light as a Feather ''Light as a Feather'' is the second studio album by jazz fusion band Return to Forever led by pianist Chick Corea. Content The style of the music remains mostly the same as the first album, though vocals were given a larger role. Corea prod ...

'' (1973), was released by

Polydor Polydor Records Ltd. is a German-British record label that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a close relationship with Universal's Interscope Geffen A&M Records label, which distributes Polydor's releases in the United States. ...

and included the song "

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

", which also became quite well known.

Jazz rock era (1973–1976)

After the second album, Farrell, Purim and Moreira left the group to form their own bands, and guitarist

Bill Connors Bill Connors (born September 24, 1949) is an American jazz guitarist who was a member of Chick Corea's band Return to Forever. After leaving Return to Forever, he recorded three acoustic albums and then three electric albums as a leader/soloist. ...

, drummer

Steve Gadd Stephen Kendall Gadd (born April 9, 1945) is an American drummer, percussionist, and session musician. Gadd is one of the best-known and highly regarded session and studio drummers in the industry, recognized by his induction into the '' Modern ...

and percussionist

Mingo Lewis James "Mingo" Lewis (born 8 December 1953) is an American percussionist and drummer who played with Santana, Al Di Meola, Return to Forever (he was a band member for Di Meola's first five albums), and The Tubes. Playing Lewis plays congas, b ...

were added. However, Gadd was unwilling to tour with the band and risk his job as an in-demand session drummer. Lenny White (who had played with Corea in

's band) replaced Gadd and Lewis on drums and percussion, and the group's third album, ''

Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy ''Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy'' is the third studio album by American jazz fusion band Return to Forever. It was released in October 1973 by Polydor. Flora Purim, Joe Farrell, and Airto Moreira were replaced by drummer Lenny White and guitarist ...

'' (1973), was then re-recorded (the first recording, featuring Gadd on drums, was never released and has since disappeared). The nature of the group's music had by now completely changed into jazz-rock, and had evolved into a similar vein to that which the

, and some

progressive rock Progressive rock (shortened as prog rock or simply prog; sometimes conflated with art rock) is a broad genre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States through the mid- to late 1960s, peaking in the early 1970s. Init ...

bands were performing at the time. Their music was still relatively melodic, relying on strong themes, but the

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major ...

element was by this time almost entirely absent, replaced by a more direct, rock oriented approach. Over-driven, distorted guitar had also become prominent in the band's new sound, and Clarke had by then switched almost completely to the

. A replacement on vocals was not hired, and all the songs were now instrumentals. This change did not lead to a decrease in the band's commercial fortunes however, Return to Forever's

jazz rock Jazz fusion (also known as fusion and progressive jazz) is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. Electric guitars, amplifiers, and keyb ...

albums instead found their way onto US pop album charts. In the September 1988 ''

DownBeat ' (styled in all caps) is an American music magazine devoted to "jazz, blues and beyond", the last word indicating its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively in previous years. The publication was established in 1934 in Chi ...

'' magazine interview with Chick Corea by Josef Woodward, Josef says (page 19), "There is this general view ... that ... Miles

avis Avis is Latin for bird and may refer to: Aviation *Auster Avis, a 1940s four-seat light aircraft developed from the Auster Autocrat (abandoned project) *Avro Avis, a two-seat biplane *Scottish Aeroplane Syndicate Avis, an early aircraft built by ...

crystallized electric jazz fusion and that he sent his emissaries out." Chick responds, "Nah, that's Disneyland. Miles is definitely a leader ... But there were other things that occurred that I thought were equally as important. What John McLaughlin did with the electric guitar set the world on its ear. No one ever heard an electric guitar played like that before, and it certainly inspired me. ... John's band, more than my experience with Miles, led me to want to turn the volume up and write music that was more dramatic and made your hair move." While their second jazz rock album, '' Where Have I Known You Before'' (1974) was similar in style to its immediate predecessor, Corea now played

synthesizer A synthesizer (also spelled synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis and ...

s in addition to electric

keyboards Keyboard may refer to: Text input * Keyboard, part of a typewriter * Computer keyboard ** Keyboard layout, the software control of computer keyboards and their mapping ** Keyboard technology, computer keyboard hardware and firmware Music * Musi ...

(including

piano The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboa ...

), and Clarke's playing had evolved considerably- now using flange and fuzz-tone effects, and with his signature style beginning to emerge. After

left the band to concentrate on his solo career, the group also hired new guitarists. Although

Earl Klugh Earl Klugh ( ; born September 16, 1953) is an American acoustic guitarist and composer. He has won one Grammy award and thirteen nominations. Klugh was awarded the “1977” Best Recording Award For Performance and Sound” for his album “Fin ...

played guitar for some of the group's live performances, he was soon replaced by the then 19-year-old guitar prodigy Al Di Meola, who had also played on the album recording sessions. Their following album, ''

No Mystery ''No Mystery'' (1975) is the fifth studio album by jazz-rock fusion band Return to Forever. Production All members of the group contributed compositions to this album. Side 1 contains heavily funk-influenced material composed by each member of ...

'' (1975), was recorded with the same line-up as ''Where Have I Known You Before'', but the style of music had become more varied. The first side of the record consisted primarily of jazz-funk, while the second side featured Corea's acoustic title track and a long composition with a strong

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

influence. On this and the following album, each member of the group composed at least one of the tracks. ''No Mystery'' went on to win the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance by a Group. The final album by this longest-lasting "classic" lineup of the group, which had by this time left Polydor for

Columbia Records Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music, Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese Conglomerate (company), conglomerate Sony. It was founded on Janua ...

, was ''

Romantic Warrior ''Romantic Warrior'' is the sixth studio album by the American jazz fusion band Return to Forever, released in 1976 by Columbia Records. After releasing their previous album, ''No Mystery'' (1975), their fourth for Polydor Records, the group mov ...

'' (1976), the best selling of all Return to Forever's efforts, eventually reaching

gold disc Music recording certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped, sold, or streamed a certain number of units. The threshold quantity varies by type (such as album, single, music video) and by nation or territory (see ...

status. ''Romantic Warrior'' continued their experiments in the realms of jazz-rock and related musical genres, and was lauded by critics for both the technically demanding style of its compositions as well as for its accomplished musicianship. After the release of ''Romantic Warrior'' and Return to Forever's subsequent tour in support (as well as having in addition signed a multimillion-dollar contract with

CBS CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainm ...

), Corea shocked Clarke by deciding to change the lineup of the group and to not include either White or Di Meola.

Final album (1977)

The final incarnation of Return to Forever featured Corea, Clarke and Joe Farrell as well as a four-piece horn section and Corea's wife

Gayle Moran Gayle Moran (born 1943) is a vocalist, keyboardist, and songwriter. She is from Spring Arbor, Michigan and graduated from Spring Arbor High School (now Spring Arbor University) in 1961. She was a member of the Mahavishnu Orchestra during the ...

on vocals, but recorded only one studio album, '' Musicmagic'' (1977). In 1978, after issuing a live album of the tour titled '' Return to Forever Live: The Complete Concert'' (a four-LP set, also released in edited form as a single LP and later as a double CD), Chick Corea officially disbanded the group.

Reunions

In 1982, the Corea/Clarke/White/Di Meola lineup reunited to record an eleven-minute track, "Compadres", which was issued on Corea's 1982 album '' Touchstone''. In 1983, the same Return to Forever lineup played a short reunion tour of the U.S. and Japan, and the live recording in Japan was released in 2021. The repertoire for the tour included some new material by Corea, including one piece titled "Overture" that was later recorded by the

Chick Corea Elektric Band Chick Corea Elektric Band was a jazz fusion band, led by keyboardist and pianist Chick Corea and founded in 1986 in New York City. The band was nominated twice at the Grammy Awards. The sixth band album, a tribute one named ''Chick Corea Elektr ...

for the live various artists double album '' GRP Super Live in Concert'' (1992), and another titled "The Phantom" that Di Meola later recorded on his album ''

Kiss My Axe ''Kiss My Axe'' is an album by jazz guitarist Al Di Meola that was released in 1991. It is a jazz fusion album, with significant world music influences. Like its predecessor, '' Tirami Su'' (1987), it is credited to "The Al Di Meola Project", a ...

'' (1991). Twenty-six years later, Corea, Clarke, White, and Di Meola reunited a second time for a tour of the United States and Europe that began in the summer of 2008. A boxed set of remixed and digitally remastered tracks from the albums ''Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy'', ''Where Have I Known You Before'', ''No Mystery'', and ''Romantic Warrior'' was released to coincide with the tour. Corea, Clarke, and White (minus Di Meola) performed an acoustic tour in 2009 and released a live album in 2011 titled ''

Forever Forever or 4ever may refer to: Film and television Films * ''Forever'' (1921 film), an American silent film by George Fitzmaurice * ''Forever'' (1978 film), an American made-for-television romantic drama * ''Forever'' (1992 film), an American ...

''. It included guest appearances by Bill Connors, Chaka Khan, and

Jean-Luc Ponty Jean-Luc Ponty (born 29 September 1942) is a French jazz violinist and composer. Early life Ponty was born into a family of classical musicians in Avranches, France. His father taught violin, his mother taught piano. At sixteen, he was admitt ...

. In February 2011 the group began a world tour in Australia. The lineup for this tour was Corea, Clarke, White, Ponty, and guitarist

Frank Gambale Frank Gambale (; born 22 December 1958) is an Australian jazz fusion guitarist. He has released twenty albums over a period of three decades, and is known for his use of the sweep picking and economy picking techniques. Recording career Solo ...

of the Chick Corea Elektric Band. Many dates included

Dweezil Zappa Dweezil Zappa (born Ian Donald Calvin Euclid Zappa; September 5, 1969) is an American rock guitarist and occasional actor. He is the son of musical composer and performer Frank Zappa. Exposed to the music industry from an early age, Dweezil deve ...

Zappa Plays Zappa Zappa Plays Zappa is an American tribute act led by Dweezil Zappa, the elder son of late American composer and musician Frank Zappa, devoted to performing the music of Frank Zappa. History The band debuted in 2006 with shows in Europe, Canada ...

band as an opening act with Corea occasionally appearing in Zappa's band on keyboards, as well as Jean-Luc Ponty performing some of the songs that he had performed with

Frank Zappa Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by wikt:nonconformity, nonconformity, Free improvisation, free-form improvisation, sound experimen ...

. Corea died of cancer on February 9, 2021.

Discography

Studio albums

, ''

'' (ECM, 1972) * ''

'' (

, 1973) – recorded in 1972 * ''

'' (Polydor, 1973) * '' Where Have I Known You Before'' (Polydor, 1974) * ''

'' (Polydor, 1975) * ''

'' ( Columbia, 1976) * '' Musicmagic'' (Columbia, 1977)

Live albums

* 1977: ''

Live Live may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Live!'' (2007 film), 2007 American film * ''Live'' (2014 film), a 2014 Japanese film *'' ''Live'' (Apocalyptica DVD) Music *Live (band), American alternative rock band * List of albums ...

'' (Columbia, 1978) * 1983: ''Live in Japan 1983'' (Hi Hat, 2021) * 2008: '' Return to Forever - Returns'' (

Eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...

, 2009) * 2009: Chick Corea, Stanley Clarke and Lenny White, ''

'' (

, 2011) * 2011: '' The Mothership Returns'' (Eagle, 2012)

Compilation albums

* ''The Best of Return To Forever'' (Columbia, 1980) * '' Return to the Seventh Galaxy: The Anthology'' (

Verve Verve may refer to: Music * The Verve, an English rock band * ''The Verve E.P.'', a 1992 EP by The Verve * ''Verve'' (R. Stevie Moore album) * Verve Records, an American jazz record label Businesses * Verve Coffee Roasters, an American coffee ho ...

, 1996) * ''This is Jazz'' (Sony, 1996) * '' Return to Forever: The Anthology'' (Concord, 2008)

Personnel

All members *

– keyboards (1972–1977, 1983, 2008–2021; died 2021) *

– bass (1972–1977, 1983, 2008–2021), vocals (1977) *

– saxophone (1972–1973, 1977; died 1986) *

– percussion (1972–1973) * Flora Purim – vocals (1972–1973) * Lenny White – drums (1973–1976, 1983, 2008, 2010–2021) *

– guitar (1973–1974, 2009) *

– drums (1973) *

– percussion (1973) *

– guitar (1974) * Al Di Meola – guitar (1974–1976, 1983, 2008) *

Gerry Brown Gerry “The Gov.” Brown is a recording engineer, mixer and music producer based in Los Angeles, best known for his work with artists including Whitney Houston, John Legend, Earth, Wind & Fire, Madonna, Sting, Prince, Phil Collins, Marcu ...

– drums (1977) * Harold Garrett – trombone (1977) *

– vocals, keyboards (1977) * James E. Pugh – trombone (1977) * John Thomas – trumpet (1977) * James Tinsley – trumpet (1977) * Ron Moss – trombone (1977) *

– violin (2009–2021) *

– guitar (2010–2021)

Lineups

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:450 PlotArea = left:150 bottom:120 top:0 right:05 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1972 till:01/02/2021 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4 ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1972 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1972 Colors = id:voc value:red legend:Vocals id:ww value:gray(0.5) legend:Wind_instruments id:viol value:drabgreen legend:Violin id:g value:green legend:Guitars id:key value:purple legend:Keyboards id:b value:blue legend:Bass id:dr value:orange legend:Drums id:perc value:claret legend:Percussion id:alb value:black legend:Studio_releases LineData = at:01/04/1972 layer:back at:01/11/1972 at:01/09/1973 at:01/09/1974 at:01/02/1975 at:01/03/1976 at:15/01/1977 PlotData = width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,–4) bar:Flora Purim from:start till:01/05/1973 color:voc bar:Flora Purim from:start till:01/05/1973 color:perc width:3 bar:Gayle Moran from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:voc bar:Gayle Moran from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:key width:3 bar:Joe Farrell from:start till:01/05/1973 color:ww bar:Joe Farrell from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:ww bar:Harold Garrett from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:ww bar:James E. Pugh from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:ww bar:John Thomas from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:ww bar:James Tinsley from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:ww bar:Ron Moss from:01/04/1977 till:01/10/1977 color:ww bar:Jean-Luc Ponty from:01/07/2010 till:end color:viol bar:Bill Connors from:01/05/1973 till:01/05/1974 color:g bar:Earl Klugh from:01/05/1974 till:01/07/1974 color:g bar:Al Di Meola from:01/07/1974 till:01/12/1976 color:g bar:Al Di Meola from:01/05/1983 till:01/09/1983 color:g bar:Al Di Meola from:01/05/2008 till:01/09/2008 color:g bar:Frank Gambale from:01/07/2010 till:end color:g bar:Chick Corea from:start till:01/10/1977 color:key bar:Chick Corea from:01/05/1983 till:01/09/1983 color:key bar:Chick Corea from:01/05/2008 till:01/09/2008 color:key bar:Chick Corea from:01/07/2010 till:end color:key bar:Stanley Clarke from:start till:01/10/1977 color:b bar:Stanley Clarke from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:voc width:3 bar:Stanley Clarke from:01/05/1983 till:01/09/1983 color:b bar:Stanley Clarke from:01/05/2008 till:01/09/2008 color:b bar:Stanley Clarke from:01/07/2010 till:end color:b bar:Steve Gadd from:01/05/1973 till:01/08/1973 color:dr bar:Lenny White from:01/08/1973 till:01/12/1976 color:dr bar:Lenny White from:01/05/1983 till:01/09/1983 color:dr bar:Lenny White from:01/05/2008 till:01/09/2008 color:dr bar:Lenny White from:01/07/2010 till:end color:dr bar:Gerry Brown from:01/12/1976 till:01/10/1977 color:dr bar:Airto Moreira from:start till:01/05/1973 color:perc bar:Airto Moreira from:start till:01/05/1973 color:dr width:3 bar:Mingo Lewis from:01/05/1973 till:01/08/1973 color:perc

References

External links

"In Conversation with Chick Corea" by Patrick Spurling
at www.jazz.com
"Return to Forever: Twelve Historic Tracks" by Walter Kolosky
at www.jazz.com
Photographs by Gianluca Scerni from the concert Return to Forever IV live @ Teatro D'Annunzio, Pescara Jazz, Italy 2011

Return to Forever biography by William Ruhlmann, discography and album reviews, credits & releases
at

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databas ...

Return to Forever discography, album releases & credits
at

Discogs Discogs (short for discographies) is a database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases. While the site was originally created with a goal of becoming the la ...

* {{Authority control 1972 establishments in New York City 2021 disestablishments in New York (state) Jazz musicians from New York (state) Musical groups from New York City American jazz ensembles from New York City Grammy Award winners Musical groups disestablished in 1977 Musical groups reestablished in 2010 Musical groups established in 1972 Musical groups disestablished in 2021 Jazz fusion ensembles Columbia Records artists ECM Records artists Polydor Records artists