The Ruthenian lion ( uk, Руський лев, translit=Rus'kyi lev), Ukrainian lion, or Halychian (Galician) lion is a

golden Golden means made of, or relating to gold. Golden may also refer to: Places United Kingdom *Golden, in the parish of Probus, Cornwall *Golden Cap, Dorset *Golden Square, Soho, London *Golden Valley, a valley on the River Frome in Gloucestershir ...

lion The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body; short, rounded head; round ears; and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. It is sexually dimorphi ...

on an

azure Azure may refer to: Colour * Azure (color), a hue of blue ** Azure (heraldry) ** Shades of azure, shades and variations Arts and media * ''Azure'' (Art Farmer and Fritz Pauer album), 1987 * Azure (Gary Peacock and Marilyn Crispell album), 2013 ...

background. The lion was featured on the historic

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...

of the

Kingdom of Rus Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

, the

Ruthenian Voivodeship The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: ''Palatinatus russiae'', Polish: ''Województwo ruskie'', Ukrainian: ''Руське воєводство'', romanized: ''Ruske voievodstvo''), also called Rus’ voivodeship, was a voivodeship of the Crown of ...

and the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. During the revolutions in the Austrian Empire in 1848, it became one of the national symbols of

Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...

and the Ukrainian national liberation movement. Today it is featured on the coat of arms of the city of

Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...

and its surrounding province,

Lviv Oblast Lviv Oblast ( uk, Льві́вська о́бласть, translit=Lvivska oblast, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna ( uk, Льві́вщина, ), ). The name of each oblast is a wikt:Appendix:Glossary#relational, relational adjective—in Englis ...

. Usually, it was depicted as stocky, less often walking, crowned, with silver or

red Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...

weapons, resting on a gold or

silver Silver is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erǵ-, ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, whi ...

rock. The oldest images appear on the seals of rulers from the fourteenth century – Yurii I of Galicia,

Leo II of Galicia Leo II of Galicia, also known as ''Lev Yurevich'' (unknown – 1323) was Prince of Lutsk and Galicia, one of the last two Rurikid kings of Rus` (r. 1308–1323; according to some sources, 1315–23). He was a member of the senior branch of ...

, Yurii II Boleslav, Vladislaus II of Opole. In the 15th–16th centuries the lion was present on the large seals of Kings

Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło ()He is known under a number of names: lt, Jogaila Algirdaitis; pl, Władysław II Jagiełło; be, Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. w ...

, Alexander Jagiellon, and Sigismund II Augustus as a symbol of Rus, along with the Polish eagle, the Lithuanian pahonia, and the Prussian eagle. Provincially it was used as the emblem of

Lwów Land Lwów Land ( pl, ziemia lwowska, la, Terra Leopoliensis) was an administrative unit (ziemia) of the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Poland the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1340 and 1772. Its capital was Lwów. Regional Se ...

in the form of a lion on a rock in 15th century. In modern times it is used generally as a symbol of western Ukrainian lands, notably in

and the surrounding region of

Halychyna Galicia ()"Galicia"
''

Ukrainian Sich Riflemen Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (german: Ukrainische Sitschower Schützen; uk, Українські cічові стрільці (УСС), translit=Ukraïnski sichovi stril’tsi (USS)) was a Ukrainian unit within the Austro-Hungarian Army d ...

(1914–1918) and the 14th SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (1943–1945). It is used as a coat of arms in Polish heraldry, in particular in

Częstochowa Częstochowa ( , ; german: Tschenstochau, Czenstochau; la, Czanstochova) is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (admin ...

and the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

History

Kingdom of Rus

The Ruthenian lion first appears on the seal of Ruthenian King YuriI I of Galicia, dated to the beginning of the fourteenth century. On its obverse there is a static image of the monarch on the throne, and on the reverse – an armed rider holding a shield with the image of a lion on his hind legs. On the seal the inscription in Latin: ('Seal of the master George-Yurii, King of Rus'), and on the back: (seal of the hospodar George-Yuri, Prince (Vo)lodymyria).Лаппо-Данилевский 1907: 211—310; Barwiński 1909:6: 99—104; 7: 127—130. On the seal of his son

, only a lion without a rider is depicted; the beast stands on its hind legs and turns to the left.Лаппо-Данилевский 1907: 211—310; Barwiński 1909:6: 99—104; 7: 127—130. Figures of lions as symbols of Rus are found on silver coins of the Lithuanian prince

Liubartas Demetrius of Liubar or Liubartas (also ''Lubart'', ''Lubko'', ''Lubardus'', baptized ''Dmitry''; died ) was Prince of Lutsk and Liubar (Volhynia) (1323–1383), Prince of Zhytomyr (1363–1374), Grand Prince of Volhynia (1340–1383), Grand Princ ...

, the last ruler of the

(1340–1383), and his son Fedor (1384–1387). The same motive is seen on Ruthenian money, the issue of which lasted during the reign of Polish King Casimir III the Great (1349–1370), King

Louis I of Hungary Louis I, also Louis the Great ( hu, Nagy Lajos; hr, Ludovik Veliki; sk, Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian ( pl, Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 132610 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370 ...

(1370–1372, 1378–1382) and his governor – Prince Vladislaus II of Opole (1372–1378). File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg, alt=Kingdom of Ruthenia, fourteenth century,

Kingdom of Ruthenia Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

Fourteenth century File:Boleslav Trojdenovic.jpg, alt=Seal of Yurii I of Galicia, fourteenth century, Seal of Yurii I of Galicia

Fourteenth century File:Lev2 Halic.jpg, alt=Seal of Leo II of Galicia, fourteenth century, Seal of

Fourteenth century File:МОНЕТИ ЛЮБАРТА.png, alt=Coins of Liubartas and Fedor, fourteenth century, Coins of Liubartas and Fedor

Fourteenth century File:Monety opolczyka.jpg, alt=Vladislaus' penny, fourteenth century, Vladislaus' penny

Fourteenth century

Lviv

The Ruthenian lion is depicted on the seal of Prince Volodyslav of Opole, who ruled the territory of the former Ruthenian kingdom from 1372 to 1378 as "the hospodar and heir of the Ruthenian land." He was also the prince of the Wielkopolska land, which included Częstochowa. Around 1377, the city received a coat of arms, one of the elements of which was a figure of a Ruthenian coat of arms from the seal of Volodyslav. Thus, the oldest surviving city seal of

, which binds documents from 1564 and 1646, has an image of a city wall with three pointed towers, both of which are extremely high and crowned with two animals: the right, a lion in a jump facing

left Left may refer to: Music * ''Left'' (Hope of the States album), 2006 * ''Left'' (Monkey House album), 2016 * "Left", a song by Nickelback from the album ''Curb'', 1996 Direction * Left (direction), the relative direction opposite of right * L ...

, and the left, an eagle facing right. The Ruthenian lion symbolizes the Ruthenian land, and the eagle symbolizes the Duchy of Opole, the possession of the Silesian Piasts. Both figures were depicted in gold on a blue background.Климкевич 1972: 93. At the same time, on the coat of arms of the city of

, the Ruthenian lion occupies an honorable (right) place, because it represents the kingdom, while the Opole eagle is only a separate principality.Климкевич 1972: 94—95. The Ruthenian lion as a symbol of belonging to Rus is found on the seals of

from the fourteenth century. The oldest known city seal, attached to the parchment deed of the Lviv magistrate, dates back to 1359. It depicts a lion walking in the open gate of the city wall with three towers. In 1526, King

Sigismund II Sigismund II Augustus ( pl, Zygmunt II August, lt, Žygimantas Augustas; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first rule ...

of Poland officially approved this image as the coat of arms of the city. File:Władysław Opolczyk seal 1379.PNG, Seal of Vladislaus II of Opole

1379 File:Coat of arms of the Principality of Halych.svg, Lion from the seal File:Ladislaus Dux Oppoliensis Armorial Gelre.jpg, Emblem of Vladislaus II of Opole

1396 File:POL Częstochowa COA.svg, Częstochowa File:Lviv 1359.jpg, The seal of Lviv

1359

Rus 14th–16th centuries

On the seal of Polish King

from 1389, the Ruthenian lion is depicted as the lowest among all the land coats of arms of the kingdom: the Polish eagle, the Lithuanian pahonia, the Kalisz tour, the Sandomierz stars, the Kuyavian hybrid and the Dobrzyn head. On the coat of arms with a lion stands the royal throne, on which the king sits majestically. In later copies of this seal, the lion was sometimes depicted as leaning on a rock. The first images of the Ruthenian lion in European coats of arms date back to the fifteenth century. In particular, it is present in the "Coat of Arms of the Golden Fleece" (1430–1461) in the group of coats of arms of the nobility of the Kingdom of Poland as the coat of arms of Rus, along with the coats of arms of

Dobrzyń Land Dobrzyń Land ( pl, ziemia dobrzyńska) is a historical region in central-northern Poland. It lies northeast of the Vistula River, south of the Drwęca, and west of the Skrwa. The territory approximately corresponds with the present-day powiats ...

and

Kuyaba Kuyaba ( ar, كويابة ''Kūyāba'') was one of the three centers of the Rus or Saqaliba (early East Slavs) described in a lost book by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (dating from ca. 920) and mentioned in works by some of his followers (Ibn Hawqal, Al-Is ...

. The coat of arms of the

is a separate Ruthenian lion on a silver rock. The lion as a symbol of all Rus – the former kingdom – is depicted on the large seal of King

Alexander of Poland Alexander Jagiellon ( pl, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, lt, Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagie ...

in 1504–1505. He appears next to the coats of arms of self-sufficient parts of his state – Poland (silver eagle), Lithuania (pahonia) and Prussia (black eagle). According to the location of the heraldic figures, Rus ranked third after Poland and Lithuania, ahead of Prussia. The same motif of the coat of arms is found on the large seal of Sigismund II Augustus in 1556. However, from the second half of the sixteenth century the Ruthenian lion and the Prussian eagle disappear from the royal seals, yielding only to the dualistic coat of arms of Poland and Lithuania. File:Pieczęć majestatyczna duża Władysława II Jagiełły króla polskiiegi przy dokumencie zatwierdzającym miastu Poznaniowi w uznaniu jego wierności wszystkie dotychczasowe wolności i prawa..png, The seal of Jagiello

1389 File:Polish coats of arms on page 252 of Grand Armorial équestre de la Toison d'or.jpg, Rune coat of arms

Rus, 1430—1461 File:Polish coats of arms on page 251 of Grand Armorial équestre de la Toison d'or.jpg, Rune coat of arms

Lwów Land, 1430—1461 File:Coat of arms of Ruthenia 1480.jpg, Heraldry of Conrad Grünenberg, 1480 File:Pieczęć przy dokumencie, w którym Aleksander Jagiellończyk zezwala burmistrzowi i radzie miasta Poznania na sprowadzenie, ustanowienie cen i sprzedaż win greckich, włoskich i węgierskich. (02).png, Alexander's seal

1505 File:Aleksander jagiellończyk.png, Coat of arms from the seal

1505 File:Pieczęć wielka woskowa przy dokumencie Zygmunta II Augusta.png, Seal of Sigismund II

1556 Conrad Grünenberg's coat of arms from 1480 depicts an unconventional Ruthenian lion next to a Lithuanian pahonia and a Polish eagle: a golden lion with red arms and a silver bordure in a

black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...

shield. Above the coat of arms is the signature in , 'Ruthenian land'.Grünenberg, K.
Das Wappenbuch Conrads von Grünenberg, Ritters und Bürgers zu Constanz
'. 1480, f. 6. At the beginning of the seventeenth century. a copy of this coat of arms was made by Georg Ortenburg, in which the lion had golden claws, a red tongue and silver teeth. The motif with a Ruthenian lion is depicted on a miniature of the sixteenth century, which depicts the East Pomeranian prince

Sviatopolk II Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich ( orv, Свѧтополкъ Изѧславичь; rus, Святополк Изяславич, Svyatopolk Izyaslavich; uk, Святополк Ізяславич; November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) was supreme ruler of ...

and his wives. One of them – Salome-Euphrosyne, daughter of the Kiev prince Roman the Great and sister of the Ruthenian king Daniel, holds the coat of arms in the form of a golden lion on a blue background, which is going to the silver moore. The Ruthenian flame lion is present on the triptych of the Babenberg family (1492), on one of the coats of arms of the Austrian Duchess Gertrude, the wife of the Ruthenian prince

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

, the son of King Daniel (along with the Austrian,

Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in South Germany, in earlier times on both sides of the Upper Rhine but since the Napoleonic Wars only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Baden originated from the House of Zähringen. Baden is ...

, Moravian and Styrian coats of arms). File:Pahonia. Пагоня (1480).jpg, Grünenberg

1480Grünenberg, K.
Das Wappenbuch Conrads von Grünenberg, Ritters und Bürgers zu Constanz
'. 1480, f. 6. File:HerbRus' Grünenberg (1602-1604).jpg, Ortenburg

1604 File:Johann Haller, Commune Incliti Poloniae regni privilegium constitutionum et indultuum publicitus decretorum approbatorumque (1506, cropped).jpg, Statute

1506 File:SwantopolkII.Pommerellen.JPG, alt=Sviatopolk II and Salome, sixteenth century, Sviatopolk II and Salome

Sixteenth century File:Gertrud Erbtochter von Babenberg.PNG, alt=Gertrude, fifteenth century, Gertrude

Fifteenth century

Lwów Land and Ruthenian Voivodeship

A slightly modified Ruthenian lion – the voivodeship emblem of the

in the form of a lion rising on a silver rock – has been known since 1410. He is mentioned by the Polish chronicler and archbishop of Lviv

Jan Dlugosz Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to: Acronyms * Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN * Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code * Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group * Japanese Article Numb ...

in the description of the banner of the Lviv banner, which took part on the side of Polish King

in the

Battle of Grunwald The Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Žalgiris or First Battle of Tannenberg was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respec ...

. After the formation of the

in 1434, this land coat of arms of the Lwów Land became the voivodeship coat of arms and a symbol of

Halychyna Galicia ()"Galicia"
''

Halych land had its own land coat of arms with a jackdaw). The Ruthenian lion on the rock was used as the official emblem of the Ruthenian voivodeship until 1772, before the second division of Poland, and was often called the Halychynian lion. Along with it, until the sixteenth century, the old traditional image of the Ruthenian lion on the blue shield was used as the land and voivodeship coat of arms, as evidenced by the miniatures on Łaski's Statute of 1506. File:Alex K Grundwald flags 1410-05.svg, alt=Lwów Land, 1410, Lwów Land

1410 File:Lvivska zemla 1578.png, alt=Lwów Land, 1578, Lwów Land

1578 File:1597 Bielski Rus Voivodship.svg, alt=Ruthenian Voivodeship, 1597, Ruthenian Voivodeship

1597 File:Recueil d'armoiries polonaises - COA of Ruthenian Voivodship.png, alt=Ruthenian Voivodeship, seventeenth century, Ruthenian Voivodeship

Seventeenth century File:Województwo ruskie.jpg, alt=Ruthenian Voivodeship, Warsaw, seventeenth century, Ruthenian Voivodeship

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

, seventeenth century File:COA of Ruthenian Voivodship XVII.svg, alt=Ruthenian Voivodeship, 1743, Ruthenian Voivodeship

1743

Austrian Empire

Revolution of 1848

Flag_of_the_Ruthenian_National_Guard_from_Yavoriv

During the Revolution in the Austrian Empire in 1848, the Supreme Ruthenian Council was established in Lviv. In May, she issued a manifesto to the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) population of the region and chose the Ruthenian lion as a symbol of the national liberation movement. The manifesto stated:''Історія політичної думки галицьких українців 1848-1914 на підставі споминів''. Написав д-р Кость Левицький. Львів, 1926, С. 15—31. Цитата за
«Головна Руська Рада» у Львові
// Zbruc. 02.05.2018. The minutes of the secret meetings of the Council of May 18, 1848, indicated that the Council decided the flag of the Ruthenian land of the Ruthenian lion, and the national Ruthenian (Ukrainian) colors – yellow and blue: During the revolution, Vasyl Ilnytskyi, a school counselor and director of the Lviv Academic Gymnasium, recalled in his memoirs the extraordinary uplift caused by Hryhorii Shashkevych's speech in

Stanislau Ivano-Frankivsk ( uk, Іва́но-Франкі́вськ, translit=Iváno-Frankívśk ), formerly Stanyslaviv ( pl, Stanisławów ; german: Stanislau), is a city located in Western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Ivano-Frankivsk Obl ...

, which was topped by the words: "And the Ruthenian lion shakes his golden mane with indignation." The Main Ruthenian Council also formed the Ruthenian National Guard, whose flag was a blue cloth with a golden lion.

Organizations

The Ruthenian lion was one of the symbols of the Ukrainian Sokil sports club in Lviv. The organization's charter of 1892, which was approved by the Ministry of the Interior in Vienna on July 26, 1893, and the Galician Governorate on August 3 of the same year, stated that: "the banner of the society is a Ruthenian lion, the call 'cheer up'". This was confirmed in subsequent statutes.Сова 2003 On May 30, 1911, the Sokol magazine reported that the society had received a flag from a French factory: on one side, on a blue background, was a golden crowned lion resting its paws on a yellow rock, and on the other, St. Michael with a lowered sword in his right hand and a scabbard in the left on a crimson background.Сова 2003

Ukrainian Sich Riflemen

On August 6, 1914, after the outbreak of the

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, the Ukrainian national military formation, the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (USS), was formed as part of the Austro-Hungarian army. The arches of the archers were adorned with Ruthenian lions rising on a rock – the old coat of arms of the Lviv land, and on the flag – the holy archangel Michael with a shield on which was painted the royal Ruthenian lion. In 2018, a monument to the heroes of the November Order in the form of a Ruthenian lion was unveiled in Lviv – an allegorical image of young soldiers who shed blood for independent Ukraine. File:Наймолодший путник Нусьо Дорожинський з паломницьким прапором.jpg, Pilgrimage flag

1907 File:USS kokarda.svg, USR cockade

1914 File:Українські січові стрільці (Ukrainian Sich Riflemen) flag.jpg, USR flag File:Кокарда Українських січових стрільців «Не ридать, а добувать 1914-1915».png, USR icon

1914

Western Ukrainian People's Republic

On November 13, 1918, the Ruthenian lion was approved by the coat of arms of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR). In particular, the "Provisional Basic Law on the State Independence of the Ukrainian Lands of the Former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy" stated that: "The coat of arms of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic is: The Golden Lion on a blue field, turned to its right." However, after the

Unification Act The Unification Act ( uk, Акт Злуки, translit=Akt Zluky, , "Act Zluky" or uk, Велика Злука, translit=Velyka Zluka, label=none, ) was an agreement signed on 22 January 1919, by the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukr ...

on January 22, 1919 with the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ruthenian lion gave way to the

trident A trident is a three- pronged spear. It is used for spear fishing and historically as a polearm. The trident is the weapon of Poseidon, or Neptune, the God of the Sea in classical mythology. The trident may occasionally be held by other marine ...

in Halychyna. File:ZUNR coa.svg, WUPR

1918 File:Stamp of ZUPR 1918.jpg, WUPR seal

1918 File:Ukrainian State 1918.5-11.png, Ukraine

1918 File:Coat of Arms of UNR.svg, UPR

1918 There is no side coat of arms in the coat of arms of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic – a rock on which a lion rests.Климкевич, Р. Найвищі відзнаки Західно-Української Народної Республіки // ''Український історик''. 1967. № 3—4, C. 109—123. According to Roman Klymkevych, this rock was a "historically unfounded" extension of the coat of arms, a consequence of the transition of Red Rus under Polish rule. The law of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic cleared the coat of arms of unnecessary "foreign influences, recreated its ancient state form."

Second World War

During the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, the Ruthenian lion became the emblem of the

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) (german: 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS alizische Nr. 1}; uk, 14а Гренадерська Дивізія СС (1а галицька)), known as the 14th SS-Volunteer Division ...

, created in 1943 from Halychynian Ukrainians. This symbol was considered regional, Halychynian, and was chosen because the German authorities officially banned the national Ukrainian symbol – the trident – and did not want to emphasize the Ukrainianness of the formation. In addition to the lion, the divisional coat of arms had additions in the form of three crowns – figures from the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria during the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

(1782–1914).Відзнака Дивізії Галичина
// Фотографії Старого Львова. Soldiers and officers of the Galicia division wore a stripe with the division's coat of arms on their sleeves. They also had the image of a silver Ruthenian lion on the gorget patches instead of the two lightning runes that only members of the

Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. Since the 19th century, they have traditionally been defined by the use of ancient and ear ...

were allowed to wear. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the coat of arms of the Galicia division has sometimes been used as a symbol by Lviv football fans. File:Dyvizia Galychyna.svg, Emblem File:Dyvizia Galychyna-rukav.svg, Stripe File:Palienko.jpg, Major with a buttonhole File:UNA memorial.jpg, Commemorative sign File:SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg, Banner on football

Ukraine

* On July 5, 1990, the session of the Lviv City Council approved the modern coat of arms of Lviv with a walking Ruthenian golden lion, the old city coat of arms from the fourteenth century. * On February 27, 2001, the

Lviv Oblast Council The Lviv Oblast Council or Lviv Regional Council ( uk, Львівська обласна рада) is the regional council (parliament) of the Lviv Oblast (region) located in western Ukraine. Legislative framework The Regional Council is a loc ...

approved the coat of arms of Lviv Oblast with the image of a crowned Ruthenian lion perched on a rock – the Polish coat of arms of the

and the

from the fifteenth century. * On May 8, 2003, the Zhydachiv Raion Council approved the coat of arms of Zhydachiv Raion with three walking golden lions, the Polish coat of arms of the ''powiat'' from 1676. * On July 15, 2009, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the draft of the large state emblem of Ukraine. It included an image of a small coat of arms – a trident – in the center, held by

supporters In heraldry, supporters, sometimes referred to as ''attendants'', are figures or objects usually placed on either side of the Escutcheon (heraldry), shield and depicted holding it up. Early forms of supporters are found in medieval seals. H ...

– a Ruthenian lion and the

Cossack with musket Cossack with rifle, sometimes as Knight with rifle or Cossack with musket ( uk, Лицар із самопалом, Lytsar iz samopalom) is a former national emblem of the Cossack Hetmanate (Zaporozhian Host).Savchuk, Yu. Coat of Arms of the Malor ...

. File:Coat of arms of Lviv.svg, Lviv

1990 File:Coat of Arms of Lviv Oblast SVG.svg, Lviv Oblast

2001 File:Coat of Arms of Zhydachiv raion.png, Stryi Raion

2003 File:Project of the Large coat of arms of Ukraine (color).png, Ukraine

2007, project

Gallery

File:POL województwo lwowskie II RP COA.svg, Lwów Voivodeship
(

1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...

) File:POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

) File:24 ОМБр.svg, 24th Mechanized Brigade
Ukraine File:MVS Lviv.png, BPOP "Lviv"
Ukraine

References

{{Reflist

Sources

* Дашкевич Я. Геральдичне зображення Лева в період Галицько-Волинської держави (перша половина XІV ст.) // ''Знак''. Вісник Українського геральдичного товариства. Ч. 16. Львів, 1998. С. 6-8. * Гайке, В.Д. ''Українська Дивізія «Галичина». Історія формування і бойових дій у 1943–1945 роках'' / за заг. ред. В Кубійовича; пер. Р. Колісник. Тернопіль: Мандрівець, 2012. * ''Головна Руська Рада. 1848-1851: протоколи засідань і книга кореспонденції'' / Ін-т Історії Церкви Укр. Католиц. Ун-ту, Центр. держ. іст. архів України; упоряд. У. Кришталович та І. Сварник ; за ред. О. Турія. Львів, 2002. * Гречило, А.br>Герб Львова: генеза, традиції, відродження
// ''Історія Львова''. Т. 1 (1256–1772). Львів, 2006, С. 38–44. * Климкевич, Р. Золотий лев Романовичів. // ''Шлях'', Ч. 25. Філядельфія, 1963. * Климкевич, Р
Найвищі відзнаки Західно-Української Народної Республіки
// ''Український історик''. 1967. № 3–4, C. 109–123. * Климкевич, Р
Руський лев в емблемах міста Ченстохови і князя Володислава Опольського
// ''Український історик''. 1972. № 3–4, C. 92–96. * ''Конституційні акти України. 1917-1920. Невідомі конституції України''. Київ: Філософська і соціологічна думка, 1992. * Лаппо-Данилевский, А. Печати последних галичско-владимирских князей и их советников / / ''Болеслав-Юрий II Тройденович, князь Малой Руси: Сборник материалов и исследований''. Санкт-Петербург, 1907. С. 211–310. * ''Наукові записки'' / Львівський історичний музей. Львів, 1995. Вип. 4–5. * Однороженко, О. Родові, династичні та територіальні знаки в литовсько-руській князівській геральдиці XIV – першої половини XVІI століть // ''Записки Наукового товариства імені Шевченка''. Том ССLXXI: Праці Комісії спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін. Львів, 2018. С. 366–453. * Сова, А
До історії прапора товариства «Сокіл–Батько» у Львові
// ''Знак'', № 29. 2003. * Barwiński, В. Pieczęcie książąt halicko-włodzimierskich z pierwszej polowy XIV wieku // ''Wiadomosci numizmatyczno-archeologiczne''. 1909
Nr 6.
S. 99–104
Nr 7
S. 127–130.

External links

Armorial de l'Europe et de la Toison d'or
// Bibliothèque nationale de France National symbols of Ukraine Ukrainian coats of arms