A rural settlement is a self-governing political division in Russia. A rural settlement is composed of one or more contiguous

rural communities Sociologists have identified a number of different types of rural communities, which have arisen as a result of changing economic trends within rural regions of industrial nations. The basic trend seems to be one in which communities are requir ...

: towns, villages, hamlets,

farmstead A homestead is an isolated dwelling, especially a farmhouse, and adjacent outbuildings, typically on a large agricultural holding such as a ranch or station. In North America the word "homestead" historically referred to land claimed by a settle ...

exurb An exurb (or alternately: exurban area) is an area outside the typically denser inner suburban area, at the edge of a metropolitan area, which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing density, and growth. It s ...

resort A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, swimming, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping, on the premises. The term ''resort ...

villa A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became s ...

stanitsa A stanitsa ( rus, станица, p=stɐˈnʲitsə; uk, станиця, stanytsya) is a village inside a Cossack host ( uk, військо, viys’ko; russian: казачье войско, kazach’ye voysko, sometimes translated as "Cossack Arm ...

s (Cossack settlements),

kishlak Kishlak or qishlaq ( uz, qishloq, tk, gyşlag, tr, kışlak, az, qışlaq, fa, قشلاق), or qıştaq ( ky, кыштак) qıstaw ( kz, қыстау) is a rural settlement of semi-nomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia and Azerbaijan. The ...

s (settlements of Turkic peoples),

aul An aul (; ce, oil; russian: аул) is a type of fortified village or town found throughout the Caucasus mountains and Soviet Central Asia, Central Asia. The word itself is of Turkic origin and simply means ''village'' in many Turkic language ...

s (Caucasian fortified villages), or any other type. Political authority in rural settlements is exercised by the inhabitants, either directly or through elected (or otherwise constituted) bodies. A rural settlement is a constituent part of a

municipal district A municipal district is an administrative entity comprising a clearly-defined territory and its population. It can refer to a city, a town, a village, a small grouping of them, or a rural area. Brazil In Brazil, municipal districts are, in genera ...

, a political entity created as part of municipal reforms in 2004. Prior to 2004, the district (

raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...

), inherited from the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, had been the primary division next lowest below

oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...

(province). (A municipal district may, in addition to or instead of rural settlements, include urban settlements, which are composed of various urban communitiess.) The term "rural settlement" is also used in its generic sense to denote any rural inhabited place.

Characteristics

Rural settlement as a formal political division was provided for in the 2003 law "On The General Principles of Organization of Local Government in the Russian Federation", which was promulgated as part of municipal reform. Rural settlements often correspond to a ''village council'' of Soviet times, or a ''parish'' in the pre-Soviet and post-Soviet periods (for one example among thousands, the Tyamshanskaya Rural Settlement in the

Pskovsky District Pskovsky District (russian: Пско́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #833-oz and municipalLaw #419-oz district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with ...

Pskov Oblast Pskov Oblast (russian: Пско́вская о́бласть, ') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country. Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, ...

). In some areas, the term "village council" is still used as a synonym for "rural settlement", and even still used in formal names of entities (for instance, Novinsky Village Council in the Bogorodsky District of

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (russian: link=no, Нижегородская область, ''Nizhegorodskaya oblast''), is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localiti ...

). The rural settlement serves as the administrative center for the locality, which is defined as taking into account local traditions and existing social infrastructure. The rural settlement is where, in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation, the lowest level representative body is constituted. As a general rule, a rural settlement will consist of either one rural community with a population of 1,000 or more, or several rural communities each with a population less than 1,000. In areas of greater population density, a rural settlement may consist of either one rural community with a population of 3,000 or more, or several rural communities each with a population less than 3,000. The population of rural settlement usually varies from a few dozen people up to 15,000 or 20,000 inhabitants. There are rural settlements with a population of more than 30,000, and the most populous rural settlement,

Ordzhonikidzevskaya Sunzha (russian: Сунжа, Sunzha; inh, Шолжа-Пхье, Šolža-Pꜧe; is a town and the administrative center of the Sunzhensky District of the Republic of Ingushetia Russia. Before 2016 it was called Ordzhonikidzevskaya ( inh, Ордж ...

Ingushetia Ingushetia (; russian: Ингуше́тия; inh, ГӀалгӏайче, Ghalghayče), officially the Republic of Ingushetia,; inh, Гӏалгӏай Мохк, Ghalghay Moxk is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. ...

, had a population at the 2013 census of more than 60,000. The boundaries of a rural settlement (when composed of two or more communities) are generally set to allow a person to walk to the administrative center and back during a working day. Exceptions are made for areas with low population density and for remote and inaccessible areas.

References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite web , url=http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_44571/ , title=Федеральный закон от 06.10.2003 N 131-ФЗ (ред. от 30.12.2015) "Об общих принципах организации местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации" (с изм. и доп., вступ. в силу с 01.01.2016) , trans-title=Federal Law of October 6, 2003 Number 131-FZ (version of December 30, 2015) "On General Principles of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" (revised and extended, in force as of January 1, 2016) , author=Russian Federal Assembly , date=2003 , publisher=Consultant.ru , accessdate=February 17, 2016 {{in lang, ru {{cite web, url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/bd_munst/1-%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BC_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B14.xls&usg=ALkJrhjBvyevQeHvnou85Xjt6GbMwr0xCg , title=Characteristics of the Russian Federation by Types of Municipalities and Types of Municipal Institutions on January 1, 2010 , date= , publisher=Rosstat (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) , accessdate=February 17, 2016 {{dead link, date=June 2016, bot=medic{{cbignore, bot=medic {{in lang, en {{cite web , url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/bd_munst/1-adm_2011.xls&usg=ALkJrhj40cp1FRgdlpUUUiWjhiVlERqFFQw , title=The Number of Municipalities in the Subdivisions of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2011 , date= , publisher=Rosstat (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) , accessdate=February 17, 2016 {{in lang, en {{cite web , url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/bd_munst/1-adm_2012.xls&usg=ALkJrhiuOycM0HkIstoe9v52oYCEAIe5eg , title=The Number of Municipalities in the Subdivisions of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2012 , date=August 6, 2012 , publisher=Rosstat (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) , accessdate=February 17, 2016 {{in lang, en {{cite web , url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/bd_munst/1-adm_2013.xls&usg=ALkJrhhQD8C36dYdMIshiGpMvC9iWjTifw , title=The Number of Municipalities in the Subdivisions of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2013 , date=March 6, 2013 , publisher=Rosstat (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) , accessdate=February 17, 2016 {{in lang, en {{cite web , url=https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/bd_munst/1-adm_2014.xls&usg=ALkJrhilxU9luiVCWbfGvOtFl4xEfTd4ow , title=The Number of Municipalities in the Subdivisions of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2014 , date=May 28, 2014 , publisher=Rosstat (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) , accessdate=February 17, 2016 {{in lang, en Municipal divisions of Russia

Characteristics

See also

References